Thank you for your interest in AIX.
The following resources will help you in learning more about AIX:
Learn more about AIX
AIX & UNIX developerWorks zone
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/aix
PowerAIX.org mit indischer User Group
http://www.poweraix.org/groups?groupid=5
Other useful Websites
Support for IBM System p servers
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers
Technical Database for AIX
http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/srchBroker/views/srchBroker.jsp
Redbooks domain for IBM System p
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/portals/UNIX
Virtual Loaner Program
http://www.ibm.com/servers/enable/site/vlp
Whitepapers
Performance tuning UNIX systems
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/eserver/library/au-unix-niceprocesses.html
Basic UNIX filesystem operations
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-unix-readdir.html
AIX 5L service strategy and best practices
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/aix_service_strategy.html
Hardware Management Console (HMC)
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/hmc_best_practices.html
High Availability on IBM System p servers. Considerations and sample architectures
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/arch_ha_systemp5.html
IBM System p servers in Production environments. Sample architectures and considerations
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/arch_prod_systemp5.html
IBM System p Firmware and Microcode. Service Strategies and Best Practices
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/unixservers/arch_firmware_Systemp5.html
Redpapers
System p5 Quad-Core Module: Technical Overview & Introduction
Length: 10 pages
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/abstracts/redp4150.html
Redbooks
IBM System p5 Approaches to 24x7 Availability Including AIX 5L
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg247196.html?Open
IBM AIX 5L Reference for HP-UX System Administrators
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246767.html?Open
AIX Reference for Sun Solaris Administrators
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246584.html?Open
Integrating AIX into Heterogenous LDAP Environments
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247165.html?Open
Advanced POWER Virtualization on IBM System p5
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg247940.html?OpenDocument
Problem Solving and Troubleshooting in AIX 5L
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg245496.html?OpenDocument
AIX 5L Practical Performance Tools and Tuning Guide
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/RedbookAbstracts/sg246478.html?OpenDocument
AIX 5L "From Strength to Strength"
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/aix/os/aixs2s.pdf
Technical Services
System p Lab Services has the expert skills to assist in delivering AIX-based solutions across multiple pSeries platforms. With access to Systems Development Lab skills, we can provide consultation, planning, installation, configuration, migration, performance analysis and tuning, and training on the latest IBM Systems Group technologies.
https://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/services/pseriesservices.html
Contacts in India:
Thomas Domin, e-mail: tdomin@in.ibm.com, tel. no.: 91-80-41777501
Edvin Varghese, e-mail: ekollano@in.ibm.com, tel. no.: 91-80-41777106
Friday, November 30, 2007
Thursday, November 29, 2007
Introduction to WPAR in AIX 6
Introduction to Workload Partitions - WPAR 101
Workload Partitioning is a virtualization technology that utilizes
software rather than firmware to isolate users and/or applications.
A Workload Partition (WPAR) is a combination of several core AIX technologies. There are differences of course, but here the emphasis is on the similarities. In this essay I shall describe the characteristics of these technologies and how workload partitions are built upon them.
There are two types of WPAR: system and application.My focus is on system WPAR as this more closely resembles a LPAR or a seperate system. In other words, a system WPAR behaves as a complete installation of AIX. At a later time application workload partitions will be described in terms of how they differ from a system WPAR. For the rest of this document WPAR and system WPAR are to be considered synonomous.
AIX system software has three components: root, user, and shared. The root component consists of all the software and data that are unique to that system or node. The user (or usr) part consists of all the software and data that is common to all AIX systems at that particular AIX software level (e.g., oslevel AIX 5.3 TL06-01, or AIX 5.3 TL06-02, or AIX 6.1). The shared component is software and data that is common to any UNIX or Linux system.
In it's default configuration a WPAR inherits it's user (/usr) and shared (/usr/share, usually physically included in /usr filesystem) components from the global system. Additionally, the WPAR inherits the /opt filesystem. The /opt filesystem is the normal installation area in the rootvg volume group for RPM and IHS packaged applications and AIX Linux affinity applications and libraries. Because multiple WPAR's are intended to share these file fystems (/usr and /opt) they are read-only by WPAR applications and users. This is very similiar to how NIM (Network Installation Manager) diskless and dataless systems were configured and installed. Since only the unique rootvg volume group file systems need to be created (/, /tmp, /var, /home) creation of a WPAR is a quick process.
The normal AIX boot process is conducted in three phases:
1) boot IPL, or locating and loading the boot block (hd5);
2) rootvg IPL (varyonvg of rootvg),
3) rc.boot 3 or start of init process reading /etc/inittab
A WPAR activation or "booting" skips step 1. Step 2 is the global (is hosting) system mounting the WPAR filesystems - either locally or from remote storage (currently only NFS is officially supported, GPFS is known to work, but not officially supported at this time (September 2007)). The third phase is staring an init process in the global system. This @init@ process does a chroot to the WPAR root filesystem and performs an AIX normal rc.boot 3 phase.
WPAR Management
WPAR Management in it's simpliest form is simply: Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring resource usage. And, not to forget - creating and deleting WPAR.
Creating a WPAR is a very simple process: the onetime prequistite is the existance of the directory /wpars with mode 700 for root. Obviously, we do not want just anyone wondering in the virtualized rootvg's of the WPAR. And, if the WPAR name you want to create resolves either in /etc/hosts or DNS (and I suspect NIS) all you need to do is enter:
# mkwpar -n
If you want to save the output you could also use:
# nohup mkwpar -n & sleep 2; tail -f nohup.out
and watch the show!
This creates all the wpar filesystems (/, /home, /tmp, /var and /proc)
and read-only entries for /opt and /usr. After these have been made, they are
mounted and "some assembly" is performed, basically installing the root part
of the filesets in /usr. The only "unfortunate" part of the default setup is
that all filesystems are created in rootvg, and using generic logical partition
names (fslv00, fslv01, fslv02, fslv03). Fortunately, there is an argument
(-g) that you can use to get the logical partitions made in a different
volume group. There are many options for changing all of these and they
will be covered in my next document when I'll discuss WPAR mobility.
At this point you should just enter:
# startwpar
wait for prompt and from "anywhere" you can connect to the running WPAR just
as if it was a seperate system. Just do not expect to make any changes in /usr
or /opt (software installation is also a later document).
Summary
WPAR creation is very similar to the process NIM uses for diskless and dataless installations. This method relies on AIX rootvg software consisting of three components: root, user and share. The normal boot process is emulated by the global system "hosting" the WPAR. Phase 1 is not needed; Phase 2 is the mount of the WPAR filesystem resources; and Phase 3 is a so-called @init@ process that is seen as the regular init in the WPAR environment. This is the process that reads and processes /sbin/rc.boot 3 and /etc/inittab just as a normal AIX system would.
Workload Partitioning is a virtualization technology that utilizes
software rather than firmware to isolate users and/or applications.
A Workload Partition (WPAR) is a combination of several core AIX technologies. There are differences of course, but here the emphasis is on the similarities. In this essay I shall describe the characteristics of these technologies and how workload partitions are built upon them.
There are two types of WPAR: system and application.My focus is on system WPAR as this more closely resembles a LPAR or a seperate system. In other words, a system WPAR behaves as a complete installation of AIX. At a later time application workload partitions will be described in terms of how they differ from a system WPAR. For the rest of this document WPAR and system WPAR are to be considered synonomous.
AIX system software has three components: root, user, and shared. The root component consists of all the software and data that are unique to that system or node. The user (or usr) part consists of all the software and data that is common to all AIX systems at that particular AIX software level (e.g., oslevel AIX 5.3 TL06-01, or AIX 5.3 TL06-02, or AIX 6.1). The shared component is software and data that is common to any UNIX or Linux system.
In it's default configuration a WPAR inherits it's user (/usr) and shared (/usr/share, usually physically included in /usr filesystem) components from the global system. Additionally, the WPAR inherits the /opt filesystem. The /opt filesystem is the normal installation area in the rootvg volume group for RPM and IHS packaged applications and AIX Linux affinity applications and libraries. Because multiple WPAR's are intended to share these file fystems (/usr and /opt) they are read-only by WPAR applications and users. This is very similiar to how NIM (Network Installation Manager) diskless and dataless systems were configured and installed. Since only the unique rootvg volume group file systems need to be created (/, /tmp, /var, /home) creation of a WPAR is a quick process.
The normal AIX boot process is conducted in three phases:
1) boot IPL, or locating and loading the boot block (hd5);
2) rootvg IPL (varyonvg of rootvg),
3) rc.boot 3 or start of init process reading /etc/inittab
A WPAR activation or "booting" skips step 1. Step 2 is the global (is hosting) system mounting the WPAR filesystems - either locally or from remote storage (currently only NFS is officially supported, GPFS is known to work, but not officially supported at this time (September 2007)). The third phase is staring an init process in the global system. This @init@ process does a chroot to the WPAR root filesystem and performs an AIX normal rc.boot 3 phase.
WPAR Management
WPAR Management in it's simpliest form is simply: Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring resource usage. And, not to forget - creating and deleting WPAR.
Creating a WPAR is a very simple process: the onetime prequistite is the existance of the directory /wpars with mode 700 for root. Obviously, we do not want just anyone wondering in the virtualized rootvg's of the WPAR. And, if the WPAR name you want to create resolves either in /etc/hosts or DNS (and I suspect NIS) all you need to do is enter:
# mkwpar -n
If you want to save the output you could also use:
# nohup mkwpar -n
and watch the show!
This creates all the wpar filesystems (/, /home, /tmp, /var and /proc)
and read-only entries for /opt and /usr. After these have been made, they are
mounted and "some assembly" is performed, basically installing the root part
of the filesets in /usr. The only "unfortunate" part of the default setup is
that all filesystems are created in rootvg, and using generic logical partition
names (fslv00, fslv01, fslv02, fslv03). Fortunately, there is an argument
(-g) that you can use to get the logical partitions made in a different
volume group. There are many options for changing all of these and they
will be covered in my next document when I'll discuss WPAR mobility.
At this point you should just enter:
# startwpar
wait for prompt and from "anywhere" you can connect to the running WPAR just
as if it was a seperate system. Just do not expect to make any changes in /usr
or /opt (software installation is also a later document).
Summary
WPAR creation is very similar to the process NIM uses for diskless and dataless installations. This method relies on AIX rootvg software consisting of three components: root, user and share. The normal boot process is emulated by the global system "hosting" the WPAR. Phase 1 is not needed; Phase 2 is the mount of the WPAR filesystem resources; and Phase 3 is a so-called @init@ process that is seen as the regular init in the WPAR environment. This is the process that reads and processes /sbin/rc.boot 3 and /etc/inittab just as a normal AIX system would.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
AIX / HMC/VIO Tips Sheet
AIX / HMC Tip Sheet
HMC Commands
lshmc –n (lists dynamic IP addresses served by HMC)
lssyscfg –r sys –F name,ipaddr (lists managed system attributes)
lssysconn –r sys (lists attributes of managed systems)
lssysconn –r all (lists all known managed systems with attributes)
rmsysconn –o remove –ip (removes a managed system from the HMC)
mkvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (opens a command line vterm from an ssh session)
rmvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (closes an open vterm for a partition)
Activate a partition
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f profilename –b normal
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f profilename –b sms
Shutdown a partition
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o {shutdown/ossshutdown} –n partitionname [-immed][-restart]
VIO Server Commands
lsdev –virtual (list all virtual devices on VIO server partitions)
lsmap –all (lists mapping between physical and logical devices)
oem_setup_env (change to OEM [AIX] environment on VIO server)
Create Shared Ethernet Adapter (SEA) on VIO Server
mkvdev –sea{physical adapt} –vadapter {virtual eth adapt} –default {dflt virtual adapt} –defaultid {dflt vlan ID}
SEA Failover
ent0 – GigE adapter
ent1 – Virt Eth VLAN1 (Defined with a priority in the partition profile)
ent2 – Virt Eth VLAN 99 (Control)
mkvdev –sea ent0 –vadapter ent1 –default ent1 –defaultid 1 –attr ha_mode=auto ctl_chan=ent2
(Creates ent3 as the Shared Ethernet Adapter)
Create Virtual Storage Device Mapping
mkvdev –vdev {LV or hdisk} –vadapter {vhost adapt} –dev {virt dev name}
Sharing a Single SAN LUN from Two VIO Servers to a Single VIO Client LPAR
hdisk = SAN LUN (on vioa server)
hdisk4 = SAN LUN (on viob, same LUN as vioa)
chdev –dev hdisk3 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from vioa to prevent a reserve on the disk)
chdev –dev hdisk4 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from viob to prevent a reserve on the disk)
mkvdev –vdev hdisk3 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk3_v (from vioa)
mkvdev –vdev hdisk4 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk4_v (from viob)
VIO Client would see a single LUN with two paths.
spath –l hdiskx (where hdiskx is the newly discovered disk)
This will show two paths, one down vscsi0 and the other down vscsi1.
AIX Performance TidBits and Starter Set of Tuneables
Current starter set of recommended AIX 5.3 Performance Parameters. Please ensure you test these first before implementing in production as your mileage may vary.
Network
no –p –o rfc1323=1
no –p –o sb_max=1310720
no –p –o tcp_sendspace=262144
no –p –o tcp_recvspace=262144
no –p –o udp_sendspace=65536
no –p –o udp_recvspace=655360
nfso –p –o rfc_1323=1
NB Network settings also need to be applied to the adapters
nfso –p –o nfs_socketsize=600000
nfso –p –o nfs_tcp_socketsize=600000
Memory Settings
vmo – p –o minperm%=5
vmo –p –o maxperm%=80
vmo –p –o maxclient%=80
Let strict_maxperm and strict_maxclient default
vmo –p –o minfree=960
vmo –p –o maxfree=1088
vmo –p –o lru_file_repage=0
vmo –p –o lru_poll_interval=10
IO Settings
Let minpgahead and J2_minPageReadAhead default
ioo –p –o j2_maxPageReadAhead=128
ioo –p –o maxpgahead=16
ioo –p –o j2_maxRandomWrite=32
ioo –p –o maxrandwrt=32
ioo –p –o j2_nBufferPerPagerDevice=1024
ioo –p –o pv_min_pbug=1024
ioo –p –o numfsbufs=2048
If doing lots of raw I/O you may want to change lvm_bufcnt
Default is 9
ioo –p –o lvm_bufcnt=12
Others left to default that you may want to tweak include:
ioo –p –o numclust=1
ioo –p –o j2_nRandomCluster=0
ioo –p –o j2_nPagesPerWriteBehindCluster=32
Useful Commands
vmstat –v or –l or –s lvmo
vmo –o iostat (many new flags)
ioo –o svmon
schedo –o filemon
lvmstat fileplace
Useful Links
1. Lparmon – www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/lparmon
2. Nmon – www.ibm.com/collaboration/wiki/display/WikiPtype/nmon
3. Nmon Analyser – www-941.ibm.com/collaboration/wiki/display/WikiPtype/nmonanalyser
4. vmo, ioo, vmstat, lvmo and other AIX commands http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/doc/base/commandsreference.htm
HMC Commands
lshmc –n (lists dynamic IP addresses served by HMC)
lssyscfg –r sys –F name,ipaddr (lists managed system attributes)
lssysconn –r sys (lists attributes of managed systems)
lssysconn –r all (lists all known managed systems with attributes)
rmsysconn –o remove –ip
mkvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (opens a command line vterm from an ssh session)
rmvterm –m {msys} –p {lpar} (closes an open vterm for a partition)
Activate a partition
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f profilename –b normal
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o on –n partitionname –f profilename –b sms
Shutdown a partition
chsysstate –m managedsysname –r lpar –o {shutdown/ossshutdown} –n partitionname [-immed][-restart]
VIO Server Commands
lsdev –virtual (list all virtual devices on VIO server partitions)
lsmap –all (lists mapping between physical and logical devices)
oem_setup_env (change to OEM [AIX] environment on VIO server)
Create Shared Ethernet Adapter (SEA) on VIO Server
mkvdev –sea{physical adapt} –vadapter {virtual eth adapt} –default {dflt virtual adapt} –defaultid {dflt vlan ID}
SEA Failover
ent0 – GigE adapter
ent1 – Virt Eth VLAN1 (Defined with a priority in the partition profile)
ent2 – Virt Eth VLAN 99 (Control)
mkvdev –sea ent0 –vadapter ent1 –default ent1 –defaultid 1 –attr ha_mode=auto ctl_chan=ent2
(Creates ent3 as the Shared Ethernet Adapter)
Create Virtual Storage Device Mapping
mkvdev –vdev {LV or hdisk} –vadapter {vhost adapt} –dev {virt dev name}
Sharing a Single SAN LUN from Two VIO Servers to a Single VIO Client LPAR
hdisk = SAN LUN (on vioa server)
hdisk4 = SAN LUN (on viob, same LUN as vioa)
chdev –dev hdisk3 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from vioa to prevent a reserve on the disk)
chdev –dev hdisk4 –attr reserve_policy=no_reserve (from viob to prevent a reserve on the disk)
mkvdev –vdev hdisk3 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk3_v (from vioa)
mkvdev –vdev hdisk4 –vadapter vhost0 –dev hdisk4_v (from viob)
VIO Client would see a single LUN with two paths.
spath –l hdiskx (where hdiskx is the newly discovered disk)
This will show two paths, one down vscsi0 and the other down vscsi1.
AIX Performance TidBits and Starter Set of Tuneables
Current starter set of recommended AIX 5.3 Performance Parameters. Please ensure you test these first before implementing in production as your mileage may vary.
Network
no –p –o rfc1323=1
no –p –o sb_max=1310720
no –p –o tcp_sendspace=262144
no –p –o tcp_recvspace=262144
no –p –o udp_sendspace=65536
no –p –o udp_recvspace=655360
nfso –p –o rfc_1323=1
NB Network settings also need to be applied to the adapters
nfso –p –o nfs_socketsize=600000
nfso –p –o nfs_tcp_socketsize=600000
Memory Settings
vmo – p –o minperm%=5
vmo –p –o maxperm%=80
vmo –p –o maxclient%=80
Let strict_maxperm and strict_maxclient default
vmo –p –o minfree=960
vmo –p –o maxfree=1088
vmo –p –o lru_file_repage=0
vmo –p –o lru_poll_interval=10
IO Settings
Let minpgahead and J2_minPageReadAhead default
ioo –p –o j2_maxPageReadAhead=128
ioo –p –o maxpgahead=16
ioo –p –o j2_maxRandomWrite=32
ioo –p –o maxrandwrt=32
ioo –p –o j2_nBufferPerPagerDevice=1024
ioo –p –o pv_min_pbug=1024
ioo –p –o numfsbufs=2048
If doing lots of raw I/O you may want to change lvm_bufcnt
Default is 9
ioo –p –o lvm_bufcnt=12
Others left to default that you may want to tweak include:
ioo –p –o numclust=1
ioo –p –o j2_nRandomCluster=0
ioo –p –o j2_nPagesPerWriteBehindCluster=32
Useful Commands
vmstat –v or –l or –s lvmo
vmo –o iostat (many new flags)
ioo –o svmon
schedo –o filemon
lvmstat fileplace
Useful Links
1. Lparmon – www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/lparmon
2. Nmon – www.ibm.com/collaboration/wiki/display/WikiPtype/nmon
3. Nmon Analyser – www-941.ibm.com/collaboration/wiki/display/WikiPtype/nmonanalyser
4. vmo, ioo, vmstat, lvmo and other AIX commands http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.doc/doc/base/commandsreference.htm
Thursday, November 22, 2007
AIX ML/TL Upgradation steps
1. Pre-installation checks
To check packages/file set consistency
# lppchk –v
If we found some errors. We can get more information about problem & resolve it before continue with installation.
# lppchk -v -m3
Check the current installed ML/TL
# instfix -i|grep ML
# oslevel –s
Check Rootvg
Commit all package/fileset installed on the servers
# smit maintain_software
Check if rootvg is mirrored and all lv's are mirrored correctly (excluding dump and boot volumes). If your rootvg is not mirrored we can skip later in document part for alt_disk_install,
# lsvg -p rootvg
# lsvg rootvg
# lsvg -l rootvg
2. Preinstallation Task
Check for HACMP cluster
Check if cluster software is installed .Check for HACMP running on server.
# lslpp -l | grep -i cluster
Check if the cluster processes are active
# lssrc -g cluster
If HACMP is used, a current fix pack for HACMP should be installed when a new AIX Technology Level is installed. Currently available HACMP fix packs can be downloaded via http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/hacmp/home.html
3. Check for IBM C/C++ compiler
Updates needs to be installed with TL up gradation. Same can be downloaded from below mentioned links.
http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=2239&uid=swg21110831
4. Check for Java VersionIf Java is used, current software updates for the Java version(s) should be installed when a new AIX Technology Level is installed. If Java is being used in conjunction with other software, consult the vendor of that software for recommended Java levels
The Java version(s) installed on AIX can be identified with the commands
# lslpp -l | grep -i java
Default Java version can be identified with the
# java -fullversion command.
Java fixes can be downloaded from below link.
http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/hacmp/home.html
5. Check for recommended TL/SP for system
Gets information of latest TL/SP for system using Fix Level Recommendation Tool available in below link
http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/flrt/home
Download latest updates from IBM fix central website & dump in NIM server.
Create resources in NIM servers.
Run mksysb backup of servers on safer side.
Check for running application compatibility if any. Confirm it with application owner.
Free hdisk1 for alternate disk installation
Remove the secondary dump device if present from hdisk1. Then change the settings for secondary dump device to /dev/sysdumpnull.
# sysdumpdev –P –s /dev/sysdumpnull
Unmirror rootvg
#unmirrorvg rootvg
migrate logical volume from hdisk1 to hdisk0 which are not mirrored.
# migratepv hdisk1 hdisk0.
Clear boot record from hdisk0
# chpv -c hdisk1
Add new boot image to the first PV to have “fresh” boot record just for safer side
# bosboot –ad /dev/hdisk0
Set bootlist to hdisk0
# bootlist –m normal hdisk0 hdisk1 (hdisk1 after installation will contain upgraded OS)
Removes the second PV from rootvg
# reducevg rootvg hdisk1
7. Alternate disk migration
Carry out alternate disk installation via nim on hdisk1. We will carry out preview install. If it gets succeed we will go ahead & install TL/SP in applied mode
# smit nimadm
Reboot system. It will be booted from hdisk1 which contains upgraded OS.
# shutdown -Fr
8. Recreate the mirror of rootvg
After few days of stable work and some tests from application users.
Remove alternate disk installed disk
# alt_disk_install –X
Add disk hdisk0 in rootvg
# extendvg rootvg hdisk0
Check for estimated dump
# sysdumpdev –e
Re-create secondary dump device
# sysdumpdev –P –s “dump_device”
Mirror rootvg with hdisk1 in background.
# nohup mirrorvg '-S' rootvg hdisk1 &
Create bootimage on hdisk1
# bosboot -ad /dev/hdisk1
Add hdisk1 to bootlist
# bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
Synchronize rootvg
# nohup syncvg -v rootvg &
To check packages/file set consistency
# lppchk –v
If we found some errors. We can get more information about problem & resolve it before continue with installation.
# lppchk -v -m3
Check the current installed ML/TL
# instfix -i|grep ML
# oslevel –s
Check Rootvg
Commit all package/fileset installed on the servers
# smit maintain_software
Check if rootvg is mirrored and all lv's are mirrored correctly (excluding dump and boot volumes). If your rootvg is not mirrored we can skip later in document part for alt_disk_install,
# lsvg -p rootvg
# lsvg rootvg
# lsvg -l rootvg
2. Preinstallation Task
Check for HACMP cluster
Check if cluster software is installed .Check for HACMP running on server.
# lslpp -l | grep -i cluster
Check if the cluster processes are active
# lssrc -g cluster
If HACMP is used, a current fix pack for HACMP should be installed when a new AIX Technology Level is installed. Currently available HACMP fix packs can be downloaded via http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/hacmp/home.html
3. Check for IBM C/C++ compiler
Updates needs to be installed with TL up gradation. Same can be downloaded from below mentioned links.
http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=2239&uid=swg21110831
4. Check for Java VersionIf Java is used, current software updates for the Java version(s) should be installed when a new AIX Technology Level is installed. If Java is being used in conjunction with other software, consult the vendor of that software for recommended Java levels
The Java version(s) installed on AIX can be identified with the commands
# lslpp -l | grep -i java
Default Java version can be identified with the
# java -fullversion command.
Java fixes can be downloaded from below link.
http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/hacmp/home.html
5. Check for recommended TL/SP for system
Gets information of latest TL/SP for system using Fix Level Recommendation Tool available in below link
http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/flrt/home
Download latest updates from IBM fix central website & dump in NIM server.
Create resources in NIM servers.
Run mksysb backup of servers on safer side.
Check for running application compatibility if any. Confirm it with application owner.
Free hdisk1 for alternate disk installation
Remove the secondary dump device if present from hdisk1. Then change the settings for secondary dump device to /dev/sysdumpnull.
# sysdumpdev –P –s /dev/sysdumpnull
Unmirror rootvg
#unmirrorvg rootvg
migrate logical volume from hdisk1 to hdisk0 which are not mirrored.
# migratepv hdisk1 hdisk0.
Clear boot record from hdisk0
# chpv -c hdisk1
Add new boot image to the first PV to have “fresh” boot record just for safer side
# bosboot –ad /dev/hdisk0
Set bootlist to hdisk0
# bootlist –m normal hdisk0 hdisk1 (hdisk1 after installation will contain upgraded OS)
Removes the second PV from rootvg
# reducevg rootvg hdisk1
7. Alternate disk migration
Carry out alternate disk installation via nim on hdisk1. We will carry out preview install. If it gets succeed we will go ahead & install TL/SP in applied mode
# smit nimadm
Reboot system. It will be booted from hdisk1 which contains upgraded OS.
# shutdown -Fr
8. Recreate the mirror of rootvg
After few days of stable work and some tests from application users.
Remove alternate disk installed disk
# alt_disk_install –X
Add disk hdisk0 in rootvg
# extendvg rootvg hdisk0
Check for estimated dump
# sysdumpdev –e
Re-create secondary dump device
# sysdumpdev –P –s “dump_device”
Mirror rootvg with hdisk1 in background.
# nohup mirrorvg '-S' rootvg hdisk1 &
Create bootimage on hdisk1
# bosboot -ad /dev/hdisk1
Add hdisk1 to bootlist
# bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
Synchronize rootvg
# nohup syncvg -v rootvg &
Recovering a Failed VIO Disk
Recovering a Failed VIO Disk
Here is a recovery procedure for replacing a failed client disk on a Virtual IO
server. It assumes the client partitions have mirrored (virtual) disks. The
recovery involves both the VIO server and its client partitions. However,
it is non disruptive for the client partitions (no downtime), and may be
non disruptive on the VIO server (depending on disk configuration). This
procedure does not apply to Raid5 or SAN disk failures.
The test system had two VIO servers and an AIX client. The AIX client had two
virtual disks (one disk from each VIO server). The two virtual disks
were mirrored in the client using AIX's mirrorvg. (The procedure would be
the same on a single VIO server with two disks.)
The software levels were:
p520: Firmware SF230_145 VIO Version 1.2.0 Client: AIX 5.3 ML3
We had simulated the disk failure by removing the client LV on one VIO server. The
padmin commands to simulate the failure were:
rmdev -dev vtscsi01 # The virtual scsi device for the LV (lsmap -all)rmlv -f aix_client_lv # Remove the client LV
This caused "hdisk1" on the AIX client to go "missing" ("lsvg -p rootvg"....The
"lspv" will not show disk failure...only the disk status at the last boot..)
The recovery steps included:
VIO Server
Fix the disk failure, and restore the VIOS operating system (if necessary)mklv -lv aix_client_lv rootvg 10G # recreate the client LV mkvdev -vdev aix_client_lv -vadapter vhost1 # connect the client LV to the appropriate vhost
AIX Client
cfgmgr # discover the new virtual hdisk2 replacepv hdisk1 hdisk2 # rebuild the mirror copy on hdisk2 bosboot -ad /dev/hdisk2 # add boot image to hdisk2bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk2 # add the new disk to the bootlistrmdev -dl hdisk1 # remove failed hdisk1
The "replacepv" command assigns hdisk2 to the volume group, rebuilds the mirror, and
then removes hdisk1 from the volume group.
As always, be sure to test this procedure before using in production.
Here is a recovery procedure for replacing a failed client disk on a Virtual IO
server. It assumes the client partitions have mirrored (virtual) disks. The
recovery involves both the VIO server and its client partitions. However,
it is non disruptive for the client partitions (no downtime), and may be
non disruptive on the VIO server (depending on disk configuration). This
procedure does not apply to Raid5 or SAN disk failures.
The test system had two VIO servers and an AIX client. The AIX client had two
virtual disks (one disk from each VIO server). The two virtual disks
were mirrored in the client using AIX's mirrorvg. (The procedure would be
the same on a single VIO server with two disks.)
The software levels were:
p520: Firmware SF230_145 VIO Version 1.2.0 Client: AIX 5.3 ML3
We had simulated the disk failure by removing the client LV on one VIO server. The
padmin commands to simulate the failure were:
rmdev -dev vtscsi01 # The virtual scsi device for the LV (lsmap -all)rmlv -f aix_client_lv # Remove the client LV
This caused "hdisk1" on the AIX client to go "missing" ("lsvg -p rootvg"....The
"lspv" will not show disk failure...only the disk status at the last boot..)
The recovery steps included:
VIO Server
Fix the disk failure, and restore the VIOS operating system (if necessary)mklv -lv aix_client_lv rootvg 10G # recreate the client LV mkvdev -vdev aix_client_lv -vadapter vhost1 # connect the client LV to the appropriate vhost
AIX Client
cfgmgr # discover the new virtual hdisk2 replacepv hdisk1 hdisk2 # rebuild the mirror copy on hdisk2 bosboot -ad /dev/hdisk2 # add boot image to hdisk2bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk2 # add the new disk to the bootlistrmdev -dl hdisk1 # remove failed hdisk1
The "replacepv" command assigns hdisk2 to the volume group, rebuilds the mirror, and
then removes hdisk1 from the volume group.
As always, be sure to test this procedure before using in production.
Implementation of Partition Load Manager
Implementing PLM
PLM Software Installation
Install the following filesets:
plm.license
plm.server.rte
plm.sysmgt.websm
Make sure SSL and OpenSSH are also installed
For setup of PLM, create .rhosts files on the server and all clients.After PLM has been set up, you can delete the .rhosts files.
Create SSH Keys
On the server, enter:
# ssh-keygen –t rsa
Copy the HMC’s secure keys to the server:
# scp hscroot@hmchostname:.ssh/authorized_keys2 \
~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2
Append the server’s keys to the temporary key file and copy it back to the HMC:
# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2
# scp ~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2 \
hscroot@hmchostname:.ssh/authorized_keys2
Test SSH and Enable WebSM
Test SSH to the HMC. You should not be asked for a password.
# ssh hscroot@hmchostname lssyscfg –r sys
On the PLM server, make sure you can run WebSM. Run:
# /usr/websm/bin/wsmserver -enable
Configure PLM Software
On the PLM server, open WebSM and select Partition Load Manager.
Click on Create a Policy File. In the window open on the General Tab, enter a policy file name on the first line
Click on the Globals tab. Enter the fully qualified hostname of your HMC. Enter hscroot (or a user with the Systems Administration role) as the HMC user name. Enter the CEC name, which is the managed system name (not the fully qualified hostname).
Click on the Groups tab. Click the Add button. Type in a group name. Enter the maximum CPU and memory values that you are allowed to use for PLM operations.
Check both CPU and Memory management if you’re going to manage both.
Click on Tunables. These are the defaults for the entire group. If you don’t understand a value, highlight it and select Help for a detailed description.
Click on the Partitions tab. Click the Add button and add all of the running partitions in the group to the partitions list.
On the Partition Definition tab, use the partitions’ fully qualified hostnames and add them to the group you just created.
Click OK to create the policy file.
In the PLM server, view the policy file you created. It will be in /etc/plm/policies.
Perform the PLM setup step using WebSM. You must be root. Once this finishes, you’ll see “Finished: Success” in the WebSM working window.
In the server and a client partition, look at the /var/ct/cfg/ctrmc.acls file to see if these lines are at the bottom of the file:
IBM.LPAR
root@hmchostname * rw
If you need to edit this file, run this command afterward:
# refresh –s ctrmc
Test RMC authentication by running this command from the PLM server, where remote_host is a PLM client
# CT_CONTACT=remote_host lsrsrc IBM.LPAR
If successful, a lot of LPAR information will be printed out instead of “Could not authenticate user”
Start the PLM server. Look for “Finished:Success” in the WebSM working window.
Enter a configuration name. Enter your policy file name. Enter a new logfile name.
(If you have trouble with the logilfe, you may need to touch the file before you can access it)
If the LPAR details window shows only zeroed-out information, then there’s probably an RMC authentication problem.
If there’s a problem, on the server partition, run:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsvhbal
The output should list one or more identities. Check to see that the server’s fully qualified hostname is in the output.
On each partition, run /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –l. At least one of the identities shown on the remote partition’s ctsvhbal output should show up on the other partitions’ ctsthl –l output. This is the RMC list of trusted hosts.
If there are any entries in the RMC trusted hosts lists which are not fully qualified hostnames, remove them with the following command:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –d –n identity
where identity is the trusted host list identity
If one partition is missing a hostname, add it as follows:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –l –n identity –m METHOD –p ID_VALUE
Identity is the fully qualified hostname of the other partition
rsa512 is the method
Id_value is obtained by running ctsthl –l on the other partition to determine its own identifier
PLM Software Installation
Install the following filesets:
plm.license
plm.server.rte
plm.sysmgt.websm
Make sure SSL and OpenSSH are also installed
For setup of PLM, create .rhosts files on the server and all clients.After PLM has been set up, you can delete the .rhosts files.
Create SSH Keys
On the server, enter:
# ssh-keygen –t rsa
Copy the HMC’s secure keys to the server:
# scp hscroot@hmchostname:.ssh/authorized_keys2 \
~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2
Append the server’s keys to the temporary key file and copy it back to the HMC:
# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2
# scp ~/.ssh/tmp_authorized_keys2 \
hscroot@hmchostname:.ssh/authorized_keys2
Test SSH and Enable WebSM
Test SSH to the HMC. You should not be asked for a password.
# ssh hscroot@hmchostname lssyscfg –r sys
On the PLM server, make sure you can run WebSM. Run:
# /usr/websm/bin/wsmserver -enable
Configure PLM Software
On the PLM server, open WebSM and select Partition Load Manager.
Click on Create a Policy File. In the window open on the General Tab, enter a policy file name on the first line
Click on the Globals tab. Enter the fully qualified hostname of your HMC. Enter hscroot (or a user with the Systems Administration role) as the HMC user name. Enter the CEC name, which is the managed system name (not the fully qualified hostname).
Click on the Groups tab. Click the Add button. Type in a group name. Enter the maximum CPU and memory values that you are allowed to use for PLM operations.
Check both CPU and Memory management if you’re going to manage both.
Click on Tunables. These are the defaults for the entire group. If you don’t understand a value, highlight it and select Help for a detailed description.
Click on the Partitions tab. Click the Add button and add all of the running partitions in the group to the partitions list.
On the Partition Definition tab, use the partitions’ fully qualified hostnames and add them to the group you just created.
Click OK to create the policy file.
In the PLM server, view the policy file you created. It will be in /etc/plm/policies.
Perform the PLM setup step using WebSM. You must be root. Once this finishes, you’ll see “Finished: Success” in the WebSM working window.
In the server and a client partition, look at the /var/ct/cfg/ctrmc.acls file to see if these lines are at the bottom of the file:
IBM.LPAR
root@hmchostname * rw
If you need to edit this file, run this command afterward:
# refresh –s ctrmc
Test RMC authentication by running this command from the PLM server, where remote_host is a PLM client
# CT_CONTACT=remote_host lsrsrc IBM.LPAR
If successful, a lot of LPAR information will be printed out instead of “Could not authenticate user”
Start the PLM server. Look for “Finished:Success” in the WebSM working window.
Enter a configuration name. Enter your policy file name. Enter a new logfile name.
(If you have trouble with the logilfe, you may need to touch the file before you can access it)
If the LPAR details window shows only zeroed-out information, then there’s probably an RMC authentication problem.
If there’s a problem, on the server partition, run:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsvhbal
The output should list one or more identities. Check to see that the server’s fully qualified hostname is in the output.
On each partition, run /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –l. At least one of the identities shown on the remote partition’s ctsvhbal output should show up on the other partitions’ ctsthl –l output. This is the RMC list of trusted hosts.
If there are any entries in the RMC trusted hosts lists which are not fully qualified hostnames, remove them with the following command:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –d –n identity
where identity is the trusted host list identity
If one partition is missing a hostname, add it as follows:
# /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctsthl –l –n identity –m METHOD –p ID_VALUE
Identity is the fully qualified hostname of the other partition
rsa512 is the method
Id_value is obtained by running ctsthl –l on the other partition to determine its own identifier
HDLM installation on VIO server
Procedure: Install/Update HDLM drivers
# login to vio server as "padmin".
# Switch to "oem" prompt.
oem_setup_env
umount /mnt
mount bosapnim01:/export/lpp_source/hitachi /mnt
# Install and update all filesets from the directories below.
# "smitty install_all"
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.0.1
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.0.4u
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.1.4U
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.52.1U
# Copy license file.
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/license/enterprise
cp *.plk /var/tmp/hdlm_license
# install and update all filesets from the above directory
# "smitty install_all"
# Fileset DLManager 5.60.1.100 Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601
# Leave the current Directory and unmount Driver Source Directory.
cd /
umount /mnt
Procedure: Install/Update VIO fixpack
# Login to VIO server as "padmin"
# Obtain current IOS level
ioslevel
# Update VIO to latest IOS level
mount bosapnim01:/export/lpp_source/aix/vio_1200 /mnt
updateios -dev /mnt
** Enter "y" to continue install
# Return to "root" shell prompt and HALT system.
oem_setup_env
shutdown -Fh
# Activate LPAR from HMC WebSM
Procedure: Configure VIO Server to utilize Boot Disks
# Login as "padmin"
# Switch to "oem" prompt
oem_setup_env
# Run in korn shell 93
ksh93
# Remove any vhost adapter configuration settings
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
# Remove all HDLM disks
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# Remove all hdisks except for hdisk0 and hdisk1 - assumed to be rootvg
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$ | hdisk1$' )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# If an HDLM unconfig file exists, rename it
[[ -f /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf ]] &&
mv /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf \
/usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/$( date +"%Y%m%d").dlmfdrv.unconf
# Verify "dlmfdrv.unconf" was renamed.
ls /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv
# Set fast fail Parameter for SCSI Adapters and Reconfigure FC Adapters
chdev -l fscsi0 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi1 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi2 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
cfgmgr -vl fcs0
cfgmgr -vl fcs1
cfgmgr -vl fcs2
# Change HDLM settings
cd /usr/DynamicLinkManager/bin
print y | ./dlmodmset -e on
print y | ./dlmodmset -b 68608
# Reconfigure HDLM disks
./dlmcfgmgr
# Turn off reserve settings on HDLM Driver
./dlnkmgr set -rsv on 0 -s
# Remove HDLM disks
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# Change reserve policy on hdisks to "no_reserve"
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name |
grep hdisk |
egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a reserve_policy=no_reserve
done
# Reconfigure HDLM disks
./dlmcfgmgr
# Verify all HDLM disks have an assigned PVID
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a pv=yes
done
lspv
# Remove any vhost adapter configuration settings
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -all
# Verify all vhosts adapters exist wihout Devices.
SVSA Physloc Client Partition ID
--------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------
vhost0 U9119.590.51A432C-V3-C10 0x00000000
VTD NO VIRTUAL TARGET DEVICE FOUND
# Reboot VIO Server.
shutdown -Fr
# End of Final Procedure
# Do not perform this step as part of this procedure
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
-----------------------------------------------------------
VIO HDLM Boot Disks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIO HDLM Boot Disks in HDLM ENVIRONMENT
Power 5: VIO configuration to support HDLM boot disks
This document describes the procedure to configure the HDLM driver and SAN disks on multiple VIO servers for the purpose of serving virtual "rootvg" boot disks to client LPARs. This procedure requires multiple parameter settings that must be performed in a specific sequence in order for the values to take effect.
NOTE: This procedure assumes an entire HDLM disk is used as the backend device, not a logical volume on an HDLM disk.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Login to the VIO server as "padmin" and change to the "root" prompt. From the VIO "root" prompt, switch to korn shell 93:
oem_setup_env
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Install the following HDLM software on each VIO Server:
DLManager.rte 5.60.1.100
Hitachi.aix.support.rte 5.0.52.1
If the Hitachi MPIO driver is installed, remove it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove any vhost adapter configuration setttings:
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove all HDLM disks:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove all hdisks except for hdisk0 and hdisk1 - assumed to be rootvg:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If an HDLM unconfig file exists, rename it :
[[ -f /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf ]] &&
mv /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/$( date +"%Y%m%d").dlmfdrv.unconf
ls /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set fast fail parameter for SCSI adapters and reconfigure FC adapters:
chdev -l fscsi0 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi1 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
cfgmgr -vl fcs0
cfgmgr -vl fcs1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change HDLM settings:
cd /usr/DynamicLinkManager/bin
print y | ./dlmodmset -e on
print y | ./dlmodmset -b 68608
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rediscover HDLM disks:
./dlmcfgmgr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turn off reserve settings:
./dlnkmgr set -rsv on 0 -s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove HDLM disks:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change reserve policy on hdisks to "no_reserve":
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a reserve_policy=no_reserve
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rediscover HDLM disks:
./dlmcfgmgr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Make sure all HDLM disks have a PVID:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a pv=yes
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Configure bootable vhost adapters, the following command are only an example. The actual commands will be dependent upon the SAN disks allocated to the the VIO server, and the LPAR's being configured:
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost11
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv0 -vadapter vhost0 -dev vdlmfdrv0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv1 -vadapter vhost1 -dev vdlmfdrv1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv2 -vadapter vhost2 -dev vdlmfdrv2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv3 -vadapter vhost3 -dev vdlmfdrv3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv4 -vadapter vhost4 -dev vdlmfdrv4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv5 -vadapter vhost5 -dev vdlmfdrv5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv6 -vadapter vhost6 -dev vdlmfdrv6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv7 -vadapter vhost7 -dev vdlmfdrv7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv8 -vadapter vhost8 -dev vdlmfdrv8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv9 -vadapter vhost9 -dev vdlmfdrv9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv10 -vadapter vhost10 -dev vdlmfdrv10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv11 -vadapter vhost11 -dev vdlmfdrv11
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On each LPAR enable the hcheck_interval parameter to perform automated health checks for all disks on all LPAR's:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a hcheck_interval=20 -P
done
shutdown -Fr
# login to vio server as "padmin".
# Switch to "oem" prompt.
oem_setup_env
umount /mnt
mount bosapnim01:/export/lpp_source/hitachi /mnt
# Install and update all filesets from the directories below.
# "smitty install_all"
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.0.1
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.0.4u
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.1.4U
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/aix_odm/V5.0.52.1U
# Copy license file.
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601/license/enterprise
cp *.plk /var/tmp/hdlm_license
# install and update all filesets from the above directory
# "smitty install_all"
# Fileset DLManager 5.60.1.100 Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager
cd /mnt/hdlm_5601
# Leave the current Directory and unmount Driver Source Directory.
cd /
umount /mnt
Procedure: Install/Update VIO fixpack
# Login to VIO server as "padmin"
# Obtain current IOS level
ioslevel
# Update VIO to latest IOS level
mount bosapnim01:/export/lpp_source/aix/vio_1200 /mnt
updateios -dev /mnt
** Enter "y" to continue install
# Return to "root" shell prompt and HALT system.
oem_setup_env
shutdown -Fh
# Activate LPAR from HMC WebSM
Procedure: Configure VIO Server to utilize Boot Disks
# Login as "padmin"
# Switch to "oem" prompt
oem_setup_env
# Run in korn shell 93
ksh93
# Remove any vhost adapter configuration settings
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
# Remove all HDLM disks
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# Remove all hdisks except for hdisk0 and hdisk1 - assumed to be rootvg
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$ | hdisk1$' )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# If an HDLM unconfig file exists, rename it
[[ -f /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf ]] &&
mv /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf \
/usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/$( date +"%Y%m%d").dlmfdrv.unconf
# Verify "dlmfdrv.unconf" was renamed.
ls /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv
# Set fast fail Parameter for SCSI Adapters and Reconfigure FC Adapters
chdev -l fscsi0 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi1 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi2 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
cfgmgr -vl fcs0
cfgmgr -vl fcs1
cfgmgr -vl fcs2
# Change HDLM settings
cd /usr/DynamicLinkManager/bin
print y | ./dlmodmset -e on
print y | ./dlmodmset -b 68608
# Reconfigure HDLM disks
./dlmcfgmgr
# Turn off reserve settings on HDLM Driver
./dlnkmgr set -rsv on 0 -s
# Remove HDLM disks
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
# Change reserve policy on hdisks to "no_reserve"
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name |
grep hdisk |
egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a reserve_policy=no_reserve
done
# Reconfigure HDLM disks
./dlmcfgmgr
# Verify all HDLM disks have an assigned PVID
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a pv=yes
done
lspv
# Remove any vhost adapter configuration settings
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -all
# Verify all vhosts adapters exist wihout Devices.
SVSA Physloc Client Partition ID
--------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------
vhost0 U9119.590.51A432C-V3-C10 0x00000000
VTD NO VIRTUAL TARGET DEVICE FOUND
# Reboot VIO Server.
shutdown -Fr
# End of Final Procedure
# Do not perform this step as part of this procedure
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
-----------------------------------------------------------
VIO HDLM Boot Disks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIO HDLM Boot Disks in HDLM ENVIRONMENT
Power 5: VIO configuration to support HDLM boot disks
This document describes the procedure to configure the HDLM driver and SAN disks on multiple VIO servers for the purpose of serving virtual "rootvg" boot disks to client LPARs. This procedure requires multiple parameter settings that must be performed in a specific sequence in order for the values to take effect.
NOTE: This procedure assumes an entire HDLM disk is used as the backend device, not a logical volume on an HDLM disk.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Login to the VIO server as "padmin" and change to the "root" prompt. From the VIO "root" prompt, switch to korn shell 93:
oem_setup_env
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Install the following HDLM software on each VIO Server:
DLManager.rte 5.60.1.100
Hitachi.aix.support.rte 5.0.52.1
If the Hitachi MPIO driver is installed, remove it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove any vhost adapter configuration setttings:
for (( i=0; i<=48; ++i ))
do
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove all HDLM disks:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove all hdisks except for hdisk0 and hdisk1 - assumed to be rootvg:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If an HDLM unconfig file exists, rename it :
[[ -f /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf ]] &&
mv /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/dlmfdrv.unconf /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv/$( date +"%Y%m%d").dlmfdrv.unconf
ls /usr/DynamicLinkManager/drv
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set fast fail parameter for SCSI adapters and reconfigure FC adapters:
chdev -l fscsi0 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
chdev -l fscsi1 -a fc_err_recov=fast_fail
cfgmgr -vl fcs0
cfgmgr -vl fcs1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change HDLM settings:
cd /usr/DynamicLinkManager/bin
print y | ./dlmodmset -e on
print y | ./dlmodmset -b 68608
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rediscover HDLM disks:
./dlmcfgmgr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turn off reserve settings:
./dlnkmgr set -rsv on 0 -s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remove HDLM disks:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
rmdev -Rdl ${i}
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change reserve policy on hdisks to "no_reserve":
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep hdisk | egrep -v 'hdisk0$|hdisk1$' )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a reserve_policy=no_reserve
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rediscover HDLM disks:
./dlmcfgmgr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Make sure all HDLM disks have a PVID:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name | grep dlmfdrv )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a pv=yes
done
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Configure bootable vhost adapters, the following command are only an example. The actual commands will be dependent upon the SAN disks allocated to the the VIO server, and the LPAR's being configured:
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli rmdev -pdev vhost11
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv0 -vadapter vhost0 -dev vdlmfdrv0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv1 -vadapter vhost1 -dev vdlmfdrv1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv2 -vadapter vhost2 -dev vdlmfdrv2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv3 -vadapter vhost3 -dev vdlmfdrv3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv4 -vadapter vhost4 -dev vdlmfdrv4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv5 -vadapter vhost5 -dev vdlmfdrv5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv6 -vadapter vhost6 -dev vdlmfdrv6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv7 -vadapter vhost7 -dev vdlmfdrv7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv8 -vadapter vhost8 -dev vdlmfdrv8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv9 -vadapter vhost9 -dev vdlmfdrv9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv10 -vadapter vhost10 -dev vdlmfdrv10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli mkvdev -vdev dlmfdrv11 -vadapter vhost11 -dev vdlmfdrv11
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost0
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost1
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost2
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost3
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost4
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost5
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost6
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost7
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost8
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost9
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost10
/usr/ios/cli/ioscli lsmap -vadapter vhost11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On each LPAR enable the hcheck_interval parameter to perform automated health checks for all disks on all LPAR's:
for i in $( lsdev -Cc disk -F name )
do
chdev -l ${i} -a hcheck_interval=20 -P
done
shutdown -Fr
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
DIfferent Raid Levels
The different raid levels available today
Raid 0 - Stripping data across the disks. This stripes the data across all the disks present in the
array. This improves the read and write performance. Eg. Reading a large file takes a
long time in comparison to reading the same file from a Raid 0 system.They is no data
redundancy in this case.
Raid 1 - Mirroring. In case of Raid 0 it was observed that there was no redundancy,i.e if one
disk fails then the data is lost. Raid 1 overcomes that problem by mirroring the data. So
if one disk fails the data is still accessible through the other disk.
Raid 2 - RAID level that does not use one or more of the "standard" techniques of mirroring,
striping and/or parity. It is implemented by splitting data at bit level and spreading it
across the data disks and redundant disk. It uses a special algorithm called as ECC
(error correction code) which is accompanied across each data block. These are tallied
when the data is read from the disk to maintain data integrity.
Raid 3 - data is striped across multiple disks at a byte level. The data is stripped with parity and
the parity is maintained in a separate disk. So if that disk goes off , it results in a data
loss.
Raid 4 - Similar to Raid 3 the only difference is that the data is striped across multiple disks at
block level.
Raid 5 - Block-level striping with distributed parity. The data and parity is stripped across all
disks thus increasing the data redundancy. Minimum three disks are required and if
any one disk goes off the data is still secure.
Raid 6 - Block-level striping with dual distributed parity. Its stripes blocks of data and parity
across all disks in the Raid except that it maintains two sets of parity information for
each parcel of data thus increasing the data redundancy. So if two disk go off the data
is still intact.
Raid 7 - Asynchronous, cached striping with dedicated parity. This level is not a open industry
standard. It is based on the concepts of Raid 3 and 4 and a great deal of cache is
included across multiple levels. Also there is a specialised real time processor to
manage the array asynchronously.
Raid 0 - Stripping data across the disks. This stripes the data across all the disks present in the
array. This improves the read and write performance. Eg. Reading a large file takes a
long time in comparison to reading the same file from a Raid 0 system.They is no data
redundancy in this case.
Raid 1 - Mirroring. In case of Raid 0 it was observed that there was no redundancy,i.e if one
disk fails then the data is lost. Raid 1 overcomes that problem by mirroring the data. So
if one disk fails the data is still accessible through the other disk.
Raid 2 - RAID level that does not use one or more of the "standard" techniques of mirroring,
striping and/or parity. It is implemented by splitting data at bit level and spreading it
across the data disks and redundant disk. It uses a special algorithm called as ECC
(error correction code) which is accompanied across each data block. These are tallied
when the data is read from the disk to maintain data integrity.
Raid 3 - data is striped across multiple disks at a byte level. The data is stripped with parity and
the parity is maintained in a separate disk. So if that disk goes off , it results in a data
loss.
Raid 4 - Similar to Raid 3 the only difference is that the data is striped across multiple disks at
block level.
Raid 5 - Block-level striping with distributed parity. The data and parity is stripped across all
disks thus increasing the data redundancy. Minimum three disks are required and if
any one disk goes off the data is still secure.
Raid 6 - Block-level striping with dual distributed parity. Its stripes blocks of data and parity
across all disks in the Raid except that it maintains two sets of parity information for
each parcel of data thus increasing the data redundancy. So if two disk go off the data
is still intact.
Raid 7 - Asynchronous, cached striping with dedicated parity. This level is not a open industry
standard. It is based on the concepts of Raid 3 and 4 and a great deal of cache is
included across multiple levels. Also there is a specialised real time processor to
manage the array asynchronously.
AIX commands/ important files in AIX
List of Unix Commands
#:
Used to make comments in a shell script or tells which shell to use as an interpreter for the script.
.:
Reads commands from a script and execute them in your current environment.
/etc/defaultrouter:
Defines the systems default routers. Values must be separated with whitespace, # can be used for comments.
/etc/gateways:
Contains all the routes and default gateways for the system.
/etc/hostname.interface:
Contains the hostname of the system and should match the hostname defined in the /etc/hosts file. The file is named with the interface name, such as hostname.hme0 or hostname.le0
/etc/hosts:
Configures names and aliases of IP-addresses. Fields should be separated with Tab or white space.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet services database ASCII file which contains a list of available network services.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet server database ASCII file that contains a list of available servers. Is invoked by inetd when it gets an Internet request via a socket.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet server database, used by the inetd daemon, which contains a list of available network services.
/etc/inittab:
Is a script used by init. Controls process dispatching.
/etc/inittab:
Controls process dispatching. Used by init.
/etc/inittab:
Is a script used by init. Controls process dispatching.
/etc/lilo.conf:
Is the configuration file used by the Linux Loader while booting.
/etc/modules.conf:
Loads modules specific options at startup.
/etc/mygate:
Defines the systems default router or gateway.
/etc/myname:
Specifies the real host name for the system.
/etc/netsvc.conf:
Specifies how different name resolution services will look up names.
/etc/nodename:
Specifies the real hostname for the system.
/etc/nologin:
Is a text file that, if it exists in /etc/, will prevent non-root users from logging in. If a user attempts to login, it will be shown the contents of the file, and then be disconnected.
/etc/nologin:
Is a text file message that is shown to the user who tries to log on during a system shutdown process. After the message appears the log on procedure ends.
/etc/nsswitch.conf:
Specifies how the lookup for different databases are performed and in what order. Lookups are done left to right.
/etc/nsswitch.conf:
Specifies how the lookup for different databases is done and in what order.
/etc/printcap:
Describes printers and allows dynamic addition and deletion of printers by the spooling system.
/etc/printcap:
Describes printers and allows dynamic addition and deletion of printers by the spooling system.
/etc/rc.conf:
Is a configuration file used to configure the system daemons. It has three sections, the first turns features on or off, the second turns daemons on or off and the third sets parameters for the
/etc/resolv.conf:
Configures the system's network. Specifies hostname and gateway.
/etc/xinetd.conf:
Contains the configuration for the extended internet services started by the xinetd command.
a2p:
Transforms awk scripts to perl scripts, and shows the result on STDOUT.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab_admin:
Manages an AnswerBook card catalog database through a shell-level interface. Will enable administrators to delete, add, list, verify and modify AnswerBook entries.
ac:
Shows how long a user or users have been logged in.
ac:
Counts how long a user or users have been using their accounts.
accept:
Enables the printer queue specified to receive print requests.
access:
Checks whether if a file can be accessed. Exits successfully if the file can be accessed with the specified mode.
accessx:
Configures the keyboard for use by people with disabilities. Requires OpenWindows version 3.4 or later.
acctcms:
Creates a summary of command usage using accounting records. Shows the result to STDOUT.
acctcms:
Reads one or more files, adds the records for processes that execute commands that have the same name , and then shows a summary.
acctcom:
Reads the specifed files, or the file /var/adm/pacct, and searches for account information.
acctcom:
Reads files, STDIN, or /var/adm/pacct, and searches the files for account information. Shows the information as described by acct to STDOUT.
acctcon:
Reads login/logoff records from STDIN and converts them to total accounting records.
acctcon1:
Converts login/logoff records into ASCII output. Uses STDIN or reads from the wtmp file located in /var/adm/.
acctcon1:
Converts login/logoff records into ASCII. It reads from STDIN or the wtmp file in /var/adm/.
acctcon2:
Reads the ASCII records created from acctcon1 and converts them into total accounting (tacct) records
acctcon2:
Reads the ASCII records created by acctcon1 and converts them into total accounting (tacct) records.
acctdisk:
Reads the output lines from diskusg or acctdusg from STDIN, creates total accounting records for each individual record, and then writes to STDOUT.
acctdisk:
Converts information regarding transferred disk blocks by userID or login name by reading the accounting file (usually /var/adm/pacct) and then creates total accounting records.
acctdusg:
Calculates disk resource consumption for users. Reads from STDIN.
acctdusg:
Calculates disk resource consumption for users. Reads from STDIN.
acctmerg:
Merges or adds accounting files in the total accounting (tacct) or ASCII format.
acctmerg:
Merges or adds accounting files in the total accounting (tacct) or ASCII format.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. If no file name is given, turns process accounting off.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. Without file, process accounting will be turned off.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. If no file name is given, will turns process accounting off.
acctprc1:
Converts information created with acct, and adds the login names that corresponds with the user IDs.
acctprc1:
Converts information created with acct and adds the login names that corresponds with the user IDs.
acctprc2:
Reads records from STDIN in the format created by acctprc1, sorts them by ID and name, and shows the result to STDOUT.
acctprc2:
Reads records from STDIN in the format created by acctprc1, and sorts them by ID and name, and shows the result to STDOUT.
acctwtmp:
Manages connect-time accounting records by writing a UTMP record to STDOUT.
acctwtmp:
Writes an UTMP record with the current time and a string of characters that describe the reason, into specified file.
acfgd:
Manages auto- configuration of PCMCIA devices.
acledit:
Is an editor used to manage access control list (ACL) for a file.
aclget:
Shows the access control information for a specific file.
aclput:
Sets the access control list for a file.
actctrl:
Configures the IBM Active 2000 ISDN device driver and downloads firmware into the ISDN card.
adb:
Provides a controlled environment to examine files, and acts as an interactive general-purpose debugger.
adb:
Provides a controlled environment to examine files. Is an interactive debugger to examine core files.
addbib:
Creates, modifies or updates a library database of information. After executing, addbib gives step-by-step instructions and prompts for necessary information.
addbib:
Creates, modifies, or updates a library database of information. After executing addbib it will give step-by-step instructions and prompt for necessary information.
addftinfo:
Reads troff font file and adds font metric information that is used by the groff system.
addftinfo:
Reads troff font file and adds font metric information that is used by the groff system.
addr:
Shows information about network addresses. Will show you the hexadecimal format of the IP address.
addr2line:
Shows file names and line numbers for a specified program addresses.
adduser:
Adds a user to the system. Asks for required additional data that has not been specified on the command line.
addX11input:
Collects X11 values and creates an X11 input extension record in the ODM database.
add_drv:
Installs new device drivers in the computer and assigns device names.
adfutil:
Merges MCA driver information from a diskette for PS/2 adapters into the ODM.
admin:
Manages SCCS history files. SCCS history files have the form s.filename.
admin, sccs-admin:
Manages SCCS history files. SCCS history files have the form s.filename.
admintool:
Manages users and groups accounts in an X window environment. Also manages printers and allows installed software to be viewed.
adsl-connect:
Is a user-space PPPoE client. It manages an ADSL connection and reestablishes a dropped connection.
adsl-setup:
Is a PPPoE client configuration script. It is used for the adsl-start, adsl-stop and adsl-connect scripts.
adsl-start:
Starts the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
adsl-status:
Shows status of the PPPoE link that was established by the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
adsl-stop:
Stops the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
afbconfig:
Configures AFB Graphics Accelerators and some X11 window defaults.
afm2tfm:
Used to convert an Adobe font metric file to TeX font metric format.
afslog:
Is used to gather AFS tokens for specified cells.
aixterm:
Is an enhanced terminal emulator for X-window.
ali:
Shows addresses for mail aliases.
ali:
Shows addresses for mail aliases.
alias:
Creates an alias for a command. If options aren't specified it will show all aliases.
aliasadm:
Manages NIS+ aliases maps.
allneeded:
Forces the calculation of all fonts that are needed to preview a set of dvi files.
alloc:
Shows how much memory is used and free.
alloc:
Shows how much memory is used and is free.
allocate:
Assigns and manages device allocation and ensures that each given device is used by only one user at a time.
alog:
Manages the systems log files.
alt_disk_install:
Installs or clones an mksysb image on an alternate disk.
amd:
Tries to automount a file system whenever a directory or file within it is accessed.
amq:
Is used to determine the current state of the amd program.
anacron:
Runs commands periodically
answer:
Is a utility that secretaries can use for easily creating emails while recieving a phone call.
answerbook:
Starts the AnswerBook browser where you can search for information online.
answerbook2:
Starts up a browser and show online documentation from an AnswerBook2 server.
answerbook2_admin:
Starts the Answerbook administration GUI interface in your default web browser and shows the URL http://localhost:8888 the management port for the AnswerBook server.
apm:
Shows power status and can configure the server in standby or suspend mode.
apm:
Shows the current power status or puts the system in standby or suspend mode.
apmd:
Is a monitor daemon and works together with the APM BIOS driver in the OS kernel.
apmd:
Monitors the APM pseudo-device and executes the actions requested by the apm command.
apmsleep:
Sets the computer in suspend or sleep mode.
appletviewer:
Executes Java applets outside the browser and shows them in a separate window.
apply:
Applies parameters to a specific command.
apply:
Runs the specified command once for every argument specified. A magic character followed by a number will be replaced by the remaining argument matching the number index.
appres:
Shows how much resources are used by a specific application.
appres:
Is used to show how many resources will be used by a specific application.
appres:
Shows how much resources a specific application will use.
apptrace:
Traces function calls that a specific program makes to shared libraries.
apropos:
Shows all manual pages that contain the specified keywords, including the section number and a short description.
ar:
Creates and updates library files. It combines files into a single archive file.
arch:
Shows the hardware architecture of the current host.
arch:
Is used to show the computers architecture.
arch:
Shows the hardware architecture of the current host. All SunOs 5.x SPARC based systems report as sun4.
arithmetic:
Is a simple math game that keeps track of progress and shows results after every twenty questions.
arithmetic:
Is a simple math game that keeps track of progress and shows results after every 20 questions.
arp:
Shows and alters the ARP table which is used to map MAC addresses to their assigned IP addresses.
arping:
Ppings the destination address using arp packets on the specified interface.
arpsnmp:
Saves the Ethernet/IP address pairings. Logs the activity to syslog and sends a report of the changes by e-mail.
arpwatch:
Saves the Ethernet/IP address pairs. Logs the activity to syslog and sends a report of the changes by e-mail
as:
Is an assembler that will create object files using assembly language source files as input.
as86:
Assembles code for the 8086 to 80386 processors.
asa:
Converts FORTRAN carriage control output to a printable format.
asa, fpr:
Converts FORTRAN carriage control output to an AIX line printer format.
asa, fpr:
Converts Fortran carriage control output to a printable format and sends it to STDOUT.
ascii-xfr:
Sends or receives files in ASCII mode.
aset:
Is a set of utilities used for security administration named Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET). Enables the administrator to analyze system files for permissions and attributes.
aset.restore:
Resets system files to the same state as they where before ASET was installed.
ash, bsh:
Is a shell similar to sh with similar features as system V shell.
askrunlevel:
Allows selection of the operation mode at boot time.
aspell:
Checks for misspelled words. It has filter for e-mail, sgml, and TeX.
aspell (2):
More options
aspppd:
Is a daemon that provides PPP services to connect to remote hosts. Automatically starts the connection when a PPP request is made.
aspppls:
Initiates the link manager to allow incoming calls. This command is the actual login service that connects the incoming client to aspppd daemon on the host server.
at:
Schedules commands to be executed at a later time.
atactl:
Is used to control standard IDE and ATA controller devices.
atd:
Runs jobs that are queued by at.
ate:
Is an asynchronous terminal emulation program.
atmstat:
Shows the status of ATM adapters.
atq:
Shows any queued at jobs for the current user or for a specified user.
atrm:
Removes jobs from the at or batch queues.
atrun:
Runs jobs that are queued by the at command to run later. It is used for backward compatibility.
atrun:
Runs jobs that are queued by the at command to run later.
audioctl:
Shows and sets driver variables for various audio systems.
audioplay:
Plays audio files and can copy a specified audio file to an audio device.
audiotool:
Records, plays and edits audio data. Used only in X-window.
audit:
Manages the way the audit daemon auditd performs.
audit:
Manages the behavior of the audit daemon auditd.
auditbin:
Is a daemon that manages bin files of audit information.
auditcat:
Is the subsystem of the audit command that writes records to trail files.
auditconfig:
Configures the audit parameters used by the kernel in order to use auditing.
auditconv:
Converts audit records from older OSes to AIX version 4 format.
auditd:
Is the daemon that manages auditing and uses the audit control file to set working environment.
auditmerge:
Merges two or more audit trail files into one single trail file.
auditpr:
Shows or prints audit records.
auditreduce:
Selects and merges audit records collected from audit trail files.
auditselect:
Shows all audit records that match the specified criteria.
auditstat:
Shows kernel audit statistics as well as other useful information about the kernel.
auditstream:
Copies records from the audit device to STDOUT in binary format.
authconfig:
Configures /etc/sysconfig/network to support NIS.
autoconf6:
Configures IPv6 network interfaces at startup.
autoexpect:
Inspects your actions in a command and creates an expect script that recreates your interactions.
autoload:
Marks the function for auto loading.
automount:
Installs mount points for automatic mounting upon requests from users. Uses automount maps to relate to each mount point that has been installed.
automount:
Installs mount points automatically upon user requests. It associates automount maps to an installed mount point.
automountd:
Is the daemon that manages mount and unmount requests made by the autofs kernel extension.
automountd:
Is the daemon that manages mount and unmount requests made by autofs.
autopush:
Configures a list of modules that will be automatically streamed when a device is opened.
autopush:
Configures a list of modules that will be automatically streamed when a device is opened.
avmcapictrl:
Configures active AVM ISA cards.
avmcapictrl(2):
Loads the firmware to an active AVM ISA card.
awk:
Scans the input file or files for lines that match the specified pattern in 'scriptstr' or from a file.
awk, nawk:
Scans the input file or files for lines that match the specified pattern in ' scriptstr ', or from a file.
backup:
Is a backup program that can backup file systems or files to a tape or a diskette.
bad144:
Shows or writes hard disk bad sector information in standard DEC 144 format.
badblocks:
Searches a device for bad blocks.
badsect:
Creates files over the bad sectors so that no other files can use the bad sectors.
banner:
Shows the specified strings in large letters on STDOUT.
basename:
Removes the prefix and suffix from a string and shows the output to STDOUT.
bash:
Is the GNU Bourne-again shell. It's compatible with the Bourne shell, with additional functions from Korn and C-shell.
bash, sh:
Is a free version of Bourne-shell with many features from C- TC- and Korn shell.
bashbug:
Creates and sends bug reports about the bash shell to the address specified.
batch:
Executes commands at a future time when the system load level permits. The commands is read from STDIN.
battery:
Shows battery information.
bc:
Reads a file or STDIN and uses a C-like arithmetic language. Acts as a pre-processor for the command dc.
bcc:
It is the Bruce's C compiler. A simple C compile that use K&R C syntax.
bdconfig:
Configures the SunButtons and SunDials stream, autopush facility, and the serial device to use with the stream.
bdes:
Encrypts or decrypts from STDIN to STDOUT. It uses the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
bdftopcf:
Compiles a font for the X server and the font server. It converts BDF-fonts into PCF-fonts.
bdiff:
Compares files that are too large for the command diff.
bdiff:
Compares files that are too large for the command diff.
bellmail:
Shows or sends messages to users in the system.
bf:
Shows the amount of memory an application is using.
bffcreate:
Creates backup files of an installation image in bff format to support software installations.
bfrpt:
Shows output from the bf command in a readable format.
bfs:
Scans big files to identify sections. Supports all command operators from the command ed.
bfs:
Scans big files to identify sections and can be used like ed. Default it will show the size of the file.
bg:
Places the specified job in the background.
bicheck:
Checks the syntax for bosinst.data files that have been modified by a user.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, shows the current status.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, it will show the current status.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, shows the current status.
bind:
Shows or binds key sequence to readline function or macro.
bind:
Shows or bind key sequences to a readline function or macro.
binder:
Binds applications, print methods, icons, colors or open methods to files.
bindkey:
Binds keys to an edit command. All bindings will be shown if no options is specified.
bindkey:
Binds keys to an edit command in the shell. Without any options, shows all bindings.
bindprocessor:
Shows processors, or handles kernel thread bindings of a process.
biod:
Is a daemon that manages client requests for files over NFS.
bison:
Generates a parser program for specified grammar file.
bltin:
Runs the internal command in the shell.
boot:
Loads the system kernel, sets console baud rate and runs various machine-dependent commands.
bootinfo:
Shows boot information.
bootlist:
Manages the boot order in the system.
bootparamd:
Is a daemon that provides necessary information to diskless clients for booting. It searches the bootparams database or the /etc/bootparams file.
bootpd:
Sets up the Internet Boot Protocol server.
bootpd:
Is the Internet Bootstrap Protocol server.
bootpef:
Builds BOOTP extension files.
bootpgw:
Acts as a gateway between subnets and forwards BOOTP requests and replies.
bootptest:
Tests a BOOTP server. It listens for responses on the requests sent.
bootptodhcp:
Converts between bootp and dhcp, or removes bootp entries from a dhcp configuration file.
bosboot:
Copies or creates a boot image.
bosdebug:
Enables, disables, or shows the status of debugging information on the system.
brconfig:
Shows and controls bridge interfaces.
break:
Exits from a for, foreach, while, select or until loop.
bs:
"Compiles and interprets smaller programs
bsh:
"Invokes the Bourne shell
bterm:
Is a bidirectional terminal emulator.
bugfiler:
Stores bug reports in a mail directory.
builtin:
Forces the use of a shell that builtin commands.
builtin:
Forces the use of a shell built-in command.
builtins:
Shows all built-in commands in tcsh.
builtins:
Shows all built-in commands in tcsh.
bunzip2:
Decompresses bzip2 files.
bunzip2:
Decompresses bzip2 compressed files.
burst:
Allows a message to be split into several new messages.
burst:
Allows a message to be split into several new messages.
busstat:
Collects statistics and show buss performance counters.
bye:
Leaves the shell. It's the same as exit.
bzcat:
Decompresses a bzip2 file to STDOUT.
bzcat:
Decompresses a bzip2 compressed file to STDOUT.
bzip2:
Compresses, decompresses or tests bzip2 files.
bzip2:
Is used to compress, decompress or test bzip2 files.
bzip2recover:
Recovers data from a damaged bzip2 compressed file.
bzip2recover:
Recovers data from a damaged bzip2 compressed file.
c++:
Is a complete compiler for C, C++, and assembler.
c++:
Is a complete compiler for C, C++ and Assembler.
c++filt:
Organizes the C++ symbols.
c++filt:
Organizes the C++ symbols.
c2ph, pstruct:
Translates C code to Perl code.
cachefslog:
Shows where the statistics for CacheFS are being logged. Can also redirects logs to another location, or stop logging.
cachefslog:
Shows where the statistics for CacheFS are logged. Can also redirect the log or stop logging altogether.
cachefspack:
Compresses or decompresses files and file systems located in cache.
cachefsstat:
Shows various cache statistics like hits and misses about a cache file system that is mounted on a particular path.
cachefswssize:
Shows the workspace size and the total cache size statistics for the cache log file specified. Shows how much cache is needed for each file system that is mounted under the cache.
cachefswssize:
Shows the workspace size and the total cache size statistics for the specified cache log file.
caesar:
Is used to decipher caesar crypto by reading from STDIN and showing the results to STDOUT.
cal:
Shows the calendar for a selected month in the year, or the entire year.
calctool:
Is a graphic desktop calculator that you can use with the mouse or the keyboard.
calendar:
Reads from the calendar file and shows any scheduled events.
calendar:
Reads from the default calendar file or from a specified one and shows any scheduled events.
calendar:
Reads your calendar file and shows any notes that you have entered for today and tomorrow.
cancel:
Kills print requests to the lp command. It stops print requests related to a specified queue or printer.
cancel:
Terminates a printer job.
cancel:
Kills print requests to printers or printerpools. It stops print requests related to the user name on any host or specifies a print request to stop.
canonls:
Processes one or more troff command output for the Canon LASER SHOT in LIPS III mode.
captoinfo:
Searches file for termcap descriptions and shows the equivalent terminfo description with any comments.
capture:
Takes a screen dump of a terminal.
cap_mkdb:
Creates a hashed capability database out of the termcap or terminfo logical databases.
cardctl:
Administers and controls the state of PCMCIA sockets.
cardmgr:
Manages and monitors PCMCIA card sockets and does automatic installation/uninstallation.
case:
Matches each pattern successively against the word and run the commands when the first match is found.
cat:
Shows files and can also combine several files into one file.
catman:
Creates and manages the manual pages. It also creates and manages the windex database, which contains a short description of the commands.
catman:
Creates and manages the manual pages and the windex database that contains short command descriptions.
cb:
Reads the C source codes from STDIN or specified files and writes the code in a structured way to STDOUT.
cc:
Is the C and C++ Compiler for Linux. See gcc or g++ for complete information.
cc:
Is the C and C++ compiler for BSD. See gcc or g++ for complete information.
cc:
Works as an interface for the BSD Compatibility Package C compiler. It only works if the SPROcc development package is installed.
cccp:
Is a macro processor used to transform a program before compilation. Mainly used by the C compiler.
ccdconfig:
Configures concatenated disk devices.
cd, chdir:
Changes the working directory. If no directory is specified $HOME is used.
cdc, sccs-cdc:
Alters the delta commentary of an SCCS delta. It can also be used to explain the commentary.
cdecl:
Encodes or decodes C or C++ type declarations.
cdio:
Is a CD audio player.
cdp, cdplay:
Controls and plays audio CDs interactively or non interactively.
cdparanoia:
Reads audio tracks from a CD-ROM drive that is CDDA compatible.
cdrecord:
Records data or audio to a CD-ROM with the specified CD recorder.
certpatch:
Adds subjectAltname to a PEM certificate. Signs the certificate with the signing key after the addition.
cfdisk:
Controls and alters partitions on hard disk drives by use of interactive menus.
cfgif:
Manages network interface instances in the system configuration database.
cfginet:
Manages configuration of Internet instances and their interface instances.
cfgmgr:
Configures devices and installs device software by running the programs specified in the Configuration Rules object class.
cfgqos:
Manages the quality of service instances.
cflow:
Analyzes the C and C++ and object files, and generates a flow graph of external references to STDOUT.
cfsadmin:
Is a disk space administration utility for use with the cache File System (cacheFS).
cfsadmin:
Is a disk space administration utility for use with the Cache File System (CacheFS).
chage:
Alters or shows the user password expiry information for the specified user.
chargefee:
Is an accounting command used to charge units to a login.
chargefee:
Is an accounting command that is used to charge units to a login.
charset:
Changes one of the two slots for character sets.
chat:
Controls a conversation automatically between two computers over a modem connection.
chat:
Is an automated chat program doing conversational exchange between the computer and the modem.
chattr:
Alters the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
chauthent:
Manages the authentication method for the system.
chclass:
Manages workload management classes.
chcons:
Redirects the system console to a specified device or file. The change is effective on the next startup of the system, and does not affect the current console system operation.
chdev:
Changes the characteristics of a specified device, whether the device is in a defined, stopped, or available state.
chdisp:
Changes the default display to use with the system.
chdoclang:
Manages documentation language.
chdsmitd:
Manages a domain from the DSMIT member list.
check-hostname:
Checks to see if the host has a fully qualified host name which is needed by sendmail.
check-permissions:
Checks permissions on sendmail files. Warns if permissions are not safe.
checkalias:
Shows information about mail aliases.
checkcw:
Manages the balance between left and right delimiters and .CW and .CN pairs.
checkeq:
Creates a report of wrong or lost delimiters and equation start/end markers (EQ/EN). This is useful when you use the eqn and neqn language processors on a text file.
checkeq:
Creates a report of wrong or lost delimiters and equation start/end markers (EQ/EN).
checkmm:
Checks documents formatted with memorandum macros, checks syntax errors in files prepared for mm or mmt.
checknr:
Checks nroff or troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checknr:
Checks nroff or troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checknr:
Checks nroff and troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checkpc:
Administers information about entries in the printcap database.
chfilt:
Manages filter rule definitions in a filter rule table.
chflags:
Changes the flags/attributes for the specified files.
chfn:
Is an interactive utility that changes a user's finger information.
chfn:
Changes your finger information.
chfont:
Changes the default font selected at boot time. You must have root authority to run this command.
chfs:
Changes specified attributes of a file system.
chgif:
Changes the configuration of a network interface instance.
chginet:
Changes the configuration for Internet instances.
chgroup:
Changes attributes for groups.
chgrp:
Sets or changes the group ID for the file or files specified.
chgrpmem:
Changes the administrators or members of a group.
chhwkbd:
Changes keyboard attributes stored in the ODM database.
chio:
Is a tool for controlling medium changers.
chitab:
Changes records in the /etc/inittab file.
chkbd:
Changes the software keyboard map to be loaded into the system at the next initial program load.
chkconfig:
Administers runlevel information for system services.
chkey:
Creates a new encryption key, asks for a password, and tells the ypupdated daemon to update the /etc/publickey file.
chkey:
Alters a user's secret key pair and secure RPC public key.
chkfontpath:
Configures the directories in the X font server path.
chlang:
Manages language settings for the system or for a user.
chlicense:
Changes the status of user-floating licensing for the system and changes the number of user-fixed licenses.
chlv:
Is used to manage characteristics of a logical volume.
chlvcopy:
Manages mirror copies on a logical volume.
chmaster:
Runs the ypinit command and restarts the NIS daemons to change a master server.
chmod:
Alters or assigns permissions to a file.
chnamsv:
Manages TCP/IP based name service configuration on a host, but does not change the name server database.
chnfs:
Manages how many biod and nfsd daemons to start.
chnfsexp:
Manages export settings for directories to NFS clients.
chnfsmnt:
Manages mount settings for a directory on an NFS server.
chown:
Alters the ownership ID of files and also sets the group ID if it is specified.
chpass, chfn, chsh:
Manages user databases, allowing editing of the information within.
chpasswd:
Updates the passwords for a group of users with name and password pairs from STDIN.
chprtsv:
Manages print service configurations.
chps:
Changes attributes of a paging space.
chpv:
Changes the characteristics of a physical volume in a volume group.
chque:
Changes the queue name in the config file.
chquedev:
Changes the queue device names of printer or plotter.
chrole:
Manages role attributes.
chroot:
Alters the root directory for a command.
chsec:
Changes the attributes in the security stanza files.
chserver:
Alters a subserver definition in the subserver object class.
chservices:
Manages the /etc/services file.
chsh:
Changes the login shell for the current user or for the specified user.
chsh:
Changes your login shell.
chslave:
Reruns the ypinit command to retrieve maps from a master server and restarts the ypserv daemon to change the slave server.
chssys:
Manages subsystem definitions in the subsystem object class.
chsubserver:
Manages the contents of the /etc/inetd.conf file.
chtcb:
Changes or queries the specified trusted computing base attribute of a file.
chtun:
Changes the tunnel definition between a local host and a partner host.
chtz:
Manages the TZ environment variable in the /etc/environment file.
chuser:
Changes the user attribute identified by the name. Manipulates local user data only.
chvfs:
Changes entries in the /etc/vfs file.
chvg:
Specifies characteristics of a volume group, and specifies if the group is automatically activated at system startup.
chvirprt:
Changes the attribute values of a virtual printer.
chvt:
Changes foreground virtual screen.
chypdom:
Changes the current domain name of the system.
ci:
Stores revisions in the specified revision control system files.
ci:
Creates and stores revisions in the specified revision control system files.
cjpeg:
Creates a JPEG/JFIF image from a specified image file or from STDIN.
ckdate:
Prompts the user for a date format and then verifies the response.
ckgid:
Prompts the user for a group ID and verifies the answer.
ckint:
Prompts the user for an integer and then verifies the answer.
ckitem:
Creates a menu and then prompts the user to select a menu option that will then be verified. Use this to define prompt, help, and error messages, and to define a default value.
ckkeywd:
Prompts the user for a keyword and then verifies the response.
ckpacct:
Sets the maximum file size for the process accounting file.
ckpacct:
Sets the maximum file size for the process accounting file.
ckpath:
Prompts the user for a path and verify the answer.
ckprereq:
Checks whether the system level is compatible with the software being installed or updated.
ckstr:
Prompts the user for a response and verifies the answer.
cksum:
Calculates the checksum (CRC) and number of octets for each input file.
cktime:
Prompts the user for a time format and then verifies the response.
ckuid:
Prompts the user for a valid user name and verifies the answer.
ckyorn:
Prompts the user for a yes or a no and verifies the answer.
clear:
Clears the screen of all information if not disabled by your terminal environment.
clear_locks:
Removes file, record and share locks that were made by an NFS client.
clinfo:
Shows information about the cluster configuration on the node the command was executed.
clockdiff:
Measures clock difference between computers with the resolution of 1 msec.
closewtmp:
Places a false DEAD_PROCESS record into the file /var/adm/wtmp for each user logged in. It is then used by the command runacct to track each users connection time.
clri:
Is used to clear inodes by writing zeros as the inode number.
clri, dcopy:
Clears inodes by writing zeros on the specified inode number.
cm:
Is the OpenWindows calendar manager. Useful in many ways as a reminder and scheduler.
cmap_alloc:
Creates custom color maps for X11 clients that need to run programs that can not use the default color map.
cmap_compact:
Reduces color map flashing by assigning color values towards the high end of 255 in the default color map.
cmdtool:
Opens an enhanced terminal window that is used to run programs or shells.
cmp:
Compares two files of any type and shows the line number and byte where the files differ.
cm_delete:
Removes an appointments from the cm Calendar Manager.
cm_insert:
Inserts an appointment into the cm Calendar Manager.
cm_lookup:
Finds your appointments in the cm Calendar Manager.
co:
Checks out a revision from a RCS file and stores it in the corresponding working file.
co:
Checks out a revision from a RCS file and stores it in the corresponding working file.
codepage:
Extracts code pages from a file.
col:
Converts spaces to Tabs or Tabs to spaces in text files to create or modify columns.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines when filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colorchooser:
Allows you to change colors of icons for use in an X window environment.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
column:
Formats input into multiple columns.
column:
Formats input into multiple columns.
comb:
Creates a script that is used to recreate and combine older versions of SCCS files, s.files.
comb, sccs-comb:
Creates a script that re-creates and combines older versions of SCCS files, s.files. All changes are saved in deltas, together with a version identification line (SID).
combine:
Combines images together with new image.
comm:
Compares two files and shows you the unique and common lines from both files.
command:
Executes the command and will disable lookup functions in the current shell. Can also give information on how the command will be interpreted by the shell.
comp:
Creates a mail message with a preconfigured form.
comp:
Creates a mail message with a preconfigured form.
compgen:
Generates possible completion matches for the specified word according to the option.
compile_et:
Compiles error tables, converting them to a C source file usable with the com_err library.
complete:
Declares how a command should be completed. Use the Tab key to perform the completion on the command line.
complete:
Declares how a command should be completed.
compress:
Compresses the size of a file and replaces the old file with a new file with the extension .Z. The new file will inherit the same permissions and modification times from the original file
comsat:
Is a daemon that listens to the datagram port for any reports of incoming mail, and then notifies any users who have asked to be told of the mail delivery.
comsat:
Is the daemon that listens to the datagram port for any reports of incoming mail and notifies users.
comsat, in.comsat:
Listens for incoming mail and notifies users that have asked to be told when new mail comes (biff y).
confer:
Starts an online conferancing system. The participants must type joinconf at the command line to join the conferance.
config:
Creates kernel compilation directories and allows kernel configuration.
conflict:
Reports conflicts between nmh and the transport system. Reports maildrops that are not owned by a user found on the system, or if a user owns more than one maildrop.
conflict:
Reports conflicts between nmh and the mail transport system.
consadm:
Shows console messages to the terminal or screen specifed. Can show messages on many screens at one time.
consolechars:
Changes console screen font, screenfont map, and / or application-charset map.
consolehelper:
Authenticates users via PAM and runs the program specified including any options the command may have.
consoletype:
Shows the screen (console) type that is currently connected to STDIN.
constype:
Shows the type of Sun console you are using by showing the Sun code.
continue:
Doesn't run the remaining commands in the loop and continue to the next iteration. Can be used in the commands for, while, until, select and foreach.
convert:
Converts image formats, colors, sizes, creates filter effects, rotations, sequences, and more.
conv_lp:
Converts line printer configuration from a directory to an output file.
conv_lpd:
Converts LPD configuration files between the printers.conf and the printcap formats.
coreadm:
Manages the core files in the system.
cp:
Copies files and directories to a new destination.
cpio:
Copies files into and out of a cpio archive. It operates in three different modes.
cplv:
Manages copying from one logical volume to another logical volume.
cpp:
Is a C language preprocessor that insert include files in the source code of the source file creating a single file.
cproto:
Creates C function prototypes and converts function definitions.
cpustat:
Collects CPU statistics and shows performance counters.
cputrack:
Uses CPU counters to monitor how a process behaves on the system.
cpu_state:
Manages which processors on a multiprocessor system will be active on the next restart.
crash:
Examines the image of the system memory of a currently running or crashed system. If no image file is specified, the current system is examined.
crash:
Examines the image of the system memory of a currently running or crashed system.
createdb:
Creates databases on a postgres server.
createlang:
Adds new programming languages to the specified postgres database.
createuser:
Creates users in a postgres database.
crfs:
Adds a file system on a logical volume to a previously created volume group.
crle:
Creates and displays runtime linking configuration files. If used with no or the -c option, it displays the configuration file. Otherwise, a new file is created.
cron, crond:
Starts the cron daemon used to execute commands at scheduled dates and times specified in the crontab file.
cronadm:
Shows or removes crontab or at jobs specified by parameters.
crontab:
Views, creates, deletes, or edits the crontab file which contains a list of jobs including the time and date they will execute. If option isn't given read from STDIN.
crvfs:
Creates entries in the /etc/vfs file.
crypt:
Encrypts or decrypts a file. Uses STDIN and STDOUT.
csh:
Is the C-shell command interpreter, which uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csh:
Is the C-shell command interpreter that uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csh:
Is the C shell command interpreter, which uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csplit:
Splits all or part of a file into other files in the way specified with the arguments.
csplit:
Splits whole or parts of a file into new files.
csplit:
Splits all or part of a file into other files in the way specified by your arguments.
ct:
Dials up a terminal modem trying each line listed in /etc/uucp/Devices until an available line is found, and initiates a login process to that terminal.
ct:
Dials a phone number to a terminal modem and initiates a login process to that terminal.
ctags, etags:
Inserts tags into programming source code files f that can act as markers making it easier to find section headings quickly and edit them using ex or vi.
ctlmp:
Generates a PostScript format version from text files. Use it when you want to print text files.
ctm:
Creates backup files by creating a delta between two directories.
ctm_dequeue:
Sends all messages in the specified queue directory.
ctm_rmail:
Decodes and reassembles delta files from mail files. Is used to send and receive ctm deltas via mail.
ctm_smail:
Splits the specified delta file into multiple mail files. Is used to send and receive ctm deltas via mail.
ctrlaltdel:
Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del buttons used when rebooting a computer.
cu:
Connects to a remote computer or acts as a dial-in terminal.
cu:
Connects you to a remote computer or acts as a dial-in terminal.
cu:
Connects to a terminal on another UNIX system or even a non-UNIX system
cursor:
Sets the cursor shape in a console virtual screen system.
custom:
Enables users to customize X applications.
cut:
Selects fields or columns from a text file or a table and shows the result to STDOUT.
cvs:
Is a version control and logging system for files or directory tree structures including any versionable files.
cvs:
Is a version control and logging system for files or directory tree structures including any versionable files.
cvsbug:
Sends a CVS problem report to a central support site that runs GNATS.
cvsbug:
Sends a CVS problem report to a central support site that runs GNATS.
cw:
Will preprocess specific troff files containing English language text, for typesetting with the constant width font.
cxref:
Creates a C and C++ program cross-reference listing, and writes to STDOUT a listing of all symbols in the processed files.
cytune:
Configures the interruption threshold for the Cyclades driver.
dadmin:
Used by the administrator to locally or remotely query and modify the status of the DHCP servers? databases.
date:
Shows current date and time or sets the date and time on your computer.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with user names and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with user names and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with usernames and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbx:
Is a debug program for C, C++, Pascal and FORTRAN.
dc:
Is a calculator that use reverse-polish notation. It use a stack to performs calculations.
dd:
Copies and converts an input file to an output file.
ddate:
Shows the date in the discordian date format.
deallocate:
Disables access of a device for a user.
deallocvt:
Disconnects the specified virtual terminal or terminals.
debugfs:
Debugs the ext2 file system specified.
defaultbrowser:
Launches the default Web browser and optionally loads a specified URL.
defragfs:
Increases a file system's contiguous free space by reorganizing scattered allocations.
deleteX11input:
Removes an X11 input extension record from the ODM database.
delta:
Saves the changes made to an original SCCS file and creates a new delta ID for that version.
delta, sccs-delta:
Saves the changes made to an original SCCS file and creates a new deltaID for that version. The SCCS utilities is a programming feature that helps to keep track of changes and versions.
depmod:
Controls dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules.
deroff:
Removes command constructs made by nroff, troff, tbl or eqn from the specified files.
deroff:
Removes macro calls, requests, table descriptions, and backslashes from nroff, troff, tbl, eqn, or text files.
deroff:
Removes macro calls, requests, table descriptions, and backslash constructs from the specified nroff, troff, tbl, eqn, or text files and shows the result to STDOUT.
devattr:
Shows the attribute values for a device.
devfree:
Frees a device from exclusive use that was assigned exclusive use by the devreserv command.
devfsadm:
Is used to create, update, and configure any /dev or /devices entries in the system.
devfsadmd:
Manages any device configuration done by the command devfsadm.
devfseventd:
Manages services for kernel event notification used by the devfsadmd command.
devinfo:
Is used to show device specific and device partition information.
devinstall:
Will installs software support for devices added after the initial OS installation.
devlinks:
Creates /dev entries for various devices by creating symbolic links between the /dev directory tree and the device nodes in the /devices tree.
devnm:
Shows the location where a device is mounted.
devnm:
Shows the location where the device is mounted.
devreserv:
Reserves devices for exclusive use. To remove the reservation, use the devfree command.
dev_mkdb:
Creates the /dev directory from the database /var/run/dev.db.
df:
Shows used and free disk space for all file system or the one specified.
dfmounts:
Shows information about mounted devices.
dfsck:
Checks and fixes two different drives file systems at the same time. Uses different options for each file system.
dfshares:
Shows list of shared resources available from remote or local systems.
dga:
Tests video modes for X-window by filling the screen with different colors each time a key is pressed.
dga:
Tests video modes for X-window by filling the screen with different colors each time a key is pressed.
dhclient:
Configures network interfaces to use DHCP.
dhcpaction:
Is used as a configurable script that runs every time a client updates its lease.
dhcpagent:
Is the client daemon for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
dhcpcd:
Requests an IP address from a DHCP server connected to the same network that your system is on.
dhcpcd:
Manages requests for an IP address from a DHCP server.
dhcpconfig:
Starts the DHCP service configuration utility.
dhcpd:
It is a DHCP server that serves hosts with IP addresses on the network.
dhcpinfo:
Shows DHCP information that is configured on your host and your network interfaces.
dhcpmgr:
Is a graphical user interface used to manage the DHCP service on the local system.
dhcprd:
Is used to manage forwarding of BOOTP and DHCP packets off the local network.
dhcpsconf:
Is a GUI that will help you configure your DHCP server.
dhcpsd:
Starts a DHCP server.
dhcrelay:
Forwards BOOTP and DHCP requests from one subnet to another subnet.
dhcrelay:
Forwards BOOTP/DHCP requests from a subnet whitout a DHCP server to a subnet that has a DHCP server.
dhtadm:
Manages the DHCP configuration table.
diag:
Is a diagnostic program that is used to perform hardware problem determination.
dialog:
Shows boxes containing questions or messages from the shell.
diction:
Is used to highlight messy sentences.
diff:
Compares two text files in every line.
diff3:
Compares the difference between three files.
diffmk:
Compares two versions of a troff input file and then creates a third file.
diffmk:
Compares two versions of a troff input file and then creates a third file.
diffstat:
Creates statistic histograms from diff output.
dig:
Gathers information from the DNS servers in interactive or batch mode.
dig:
Gathers information from the DNS servers in interactive or batch mode.
dip:
Controls dial-up or dial-in PPP connections. It dials using a specified dial-up script.
diplogin:
Specifies the user name to login to the dial-in server that exists in the file /etc/diphosts.
dir:
Shows files in the current directory or a specified directory.
dircmp:
Compares the differences between two directories and shows a file listing of unique files.
dircmp:
Compares two directories and shows a file list of the differences between them (unique files).
dircolors:
Shows or sets LS_COLORS environment variable.
dirname:
Shows everything up to the last level of the given path name.
dirs:
Shows the directory stack with the most recent one to the left.
dis:
Reads an object file and creates a list of assembly statements. The binary data is shown in octal or hexadecimal.
disable:
Disables the specified printer from receiving additional print jobs sent using the lp command.
disable:
Disables the printer specified from receiving additional print jobs sent by using the lpcommand.
disable:
Disables names in the hash table. If no option is given, shows all disabled names.
disklabel:
Shows, installs or modifies a hard disk label. Information in the disk label is used by the operating system.
disks:
Creates /dev entries for hard disks attached to the system.
diskusg:
Will create disk accounting data by user ID, and writes one record per user to STDOUT.
dislocate:
Disconnects a session without logging off to enable you to reconnect to the same session from another location.
disown:
Removes the specified job from the active job list.
disown:
Removes the specified job from the active job list.
dispadmin:
Shows or changes the parameters of the process scheduler on a running system.
dispgid:
Shows a list of all the available groups that are defined on the system, one group per line.
display:
Shows images on the screen in X-window. Multiple images can be shown.
dispuid:
Shows a simple list of all valid user names on the system, one line per name.
djpeg:
Decompresses the JPEG file specified and creates an image file on the STDOUT.
dmesg:
Examines and controls the kernel ring buffer
dmesg:
Is a tool for viewing the contents of the system message buffer.
dmesg:
Shows diagnostic messages on STDOUT.
dminfo:
Shows updates and information about a device in the device_maps file.
dnsdomainname:
Shows the domain that you are in.
dnskeygen:
Creates and maintains public, private, and shared secret keys for DNS servers.
dnsquery:
Shows information about nameservers through BIND resolver library calls.
dnsquery:
Shows information about nameservers through BIND resolver library calls.
docsearch:
Runs a search program for AIX documentation files in the global library through a Web browser window.
docviewer:
Is an X window application used to view Answer Book online documentation.
dodisk:
"Runs disk accounting functions
dodisk:
Runs disk accounting functions and is normally started by the cron command.
doexec:
Runs a specified command showing it with another name passing the arguments provided.
domainname:
Sets or shows the domain your system is configured for.
dos2unix:
Converts text files from DOS format into the ISO standard format. With this you can import your old DOS textfiles.
dosdel:
Deletes DOS files.
dosdir:
Shows the directory for DOS files.
dosformat:
Formats a DOS diskette.
dosfsck, fsck.msdos:
Checks a DOS file system; can also be used to fix damaged DOS file systems.
dosread:
Copies files between DOS and AIX.
doswrite:
Is used to copy files between AIX and DOS.
download:
Adds host resident fonts to files, and shows results on the STDOUT.
dp:
Converts dates fitting the ARPA Internet standard (822-format).
dp:
Converts dates fitting the ARPA Internet standard (822 format).
dpost:
Converts files that have been created by troff into PostScript files and shows the result on STDOUT.
drm_admin:
Administers servers based on the Data Replication Manager.
dropdb:
Removes a postgres database specified from the system.
droplang:
Connects to a postgres database and removes a selected programming language.
dropuser:
Connects to a postgres database and removes the specified user.
drvconfig:
Configures the /devices directory.
dscreen:
Enables the physical terminal to connect to multiple screens or virtual sessions. A.K.A the Dynamic Screen utility.
dsdm:
Manages drag-and-drop operations in an X window environment for databases.
dspcat:
Shows all or specific messages in a message catalog.
dspmsg:
Shows a specified message from a message catalog or a default message supplied as a parameter, on STDOUT.
ds_reg:
Is a registration tool for documentation library service files.
ds_server_init:
Reduces color map flashing within applications that requires colors by restricting applications to use colors.
dtaction:
Allows non-CDE applications and shell scripts to be run in the X window environment.
dtbuilder:
Makes it easier for developers to create applications that work well in the CDE.
dtchooser:
Allows the user to choose host to login to. Is used by dtlogin and is not intended to run manually.
dtcodegen:
Creates C, Motif, and CDE source code files from Builder Interface Language (BIL) files.
dtconfig:
Integrates CDE with the operating system.
dtconvertvf:
Converts VUE 3.0 action file-type database files into CDE 1.0 format. For the files to be recognized by CDE, the files must be named with .dt extension.
dtcreate:
Creates actions and data types used to integrate applications into the CDE.
dterror.ds:
Shows error messages from applications or actions that cannot be shown in the context of the executable program.
dtexec:
Executes command actions. Is mostly used by the CDE and should not be started by users.
dtfile:
Is the CDE File Manager. It is used to view, and manage files in the file system.
dtfile:
Is the CDE file manager. It is used to view, and manage the file system.
dtfile_copy:
Copies folders and subfolders with their content to the target folder. It deletes a file in the target folder if that file does not exist in the source folder.
dtfile_error:
Shows an error dialog based on the specified message.
dtksh:
This is a CDE extended version of the Korn shell. It gives access to many X, Xt, Xm, and CDE functions.
dtlp:
Prints out a file specified. Is a command-line front-end to lp.
dtmail:
Is a mail utility to read, send, and manage mail. It supports MIME, and Sun Mail Tool message formats, as well as IMAP4, to access remote mailboxes.
dtpad:
Edits text files in the CDE environment.
dtpower:
Manages system power.
dtprintinfo:
Shows the print queue and print job status.
dtscreen:
Is the CDE screen saver utility.
dtsearchpath:
Sets the search paths for where the desktop is to look for application manager groups, filetypes and action definitions.
dtstyle:
Manages desktop styles.
dtterm:
Emulates a screen window. VALUE is always a minus (-) or a plus (+) symbol. Default is always the plus symbol except when using the -aw, -J, or -sb option.
dtwm:
Is the CDE Window manager, which is based on the OSF/Motif window manager mwm.
du:
Shows disk usage for a directory and its subdirectories.
dump:
Takes selected parts of an object, archive, or executable file and dumps them.
dump:
Takes selected parts of the object file arguments and dumps them.
dump, rdump:
Is a backup program that examines files in an ext2 file system and determines if the files need to be backed up.
dump, rdump:
Is a backup program that examines your ext2 file system and determine which files to be backed up.
dumpadm:
Configures the crash dump of the operating system.
dumpcs:
Shows the printable characters of the current locale.
dumpe2fs:
Shows the super block and blocks group information of a file system present on a device.
dumpfs:
Shows information about a specified device or file system.
dumpfs:
Shows information about a device or a file system specified.
dumpkeys:
Shows the contents of the keyboard translation tables on STDOUT.
dumpkeys:
Shows the contents of the keyboard translation tables on STDOUT.
e:
Is used to start the INed full-screen editor.
e2fsck, fsck.ext2:
Checks Linux second extended file systems.
e2label:
Shows or changes the label of an ext2 filesystem.
echo:
Copies the written string to the screen. Exist as internal in all shells.
echotc:
Exercises the terminal capabilities arguments.
echotc:
Is used to exercise the terminal capabilities arguments.
ecpg:
Is a preprocessor for embedded SQL code within C and Postgres programs.
ed:
Is a line based editor. It is often used to edit files automatically in a script.
edit:
Is just a simple line editor.
edit:
Is a line based text editor for casual users. It works like ex with novice, report, and showmode set to on.
edquota:
Manages user quotas for a ufs file system.
eeprom:
Show or changes the values of parameters in the EEPROM.
egrep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern using full regular expressions.
eiconctrl:
Configures active Eicon ISDN cards.
eject:
Ejects floppies and CDs from their drives. Works for VM managed devices and devices without eject buttons.
eject:
Ejects a magnetic tape.
eject:
Ejects floppies and CD's from their drives. Only works for VM-managed devices and devices without eject buttons.
elf2olf:
Converts the specified ELF version module into the default OLF object module format.
elfdump:
Shows information from selected parts of an object file.
elksemu:
Emulates 8086 ELKS programs on an i386.
elm:
Is an interactive mailer program that takes the place of mail and mailx.
elmalias:
Shows information on specified elm aliases.
emacs:
Edits text files, read and send mail, perform outline edits, compiles and run subshells.
emulate:
Emulates other shells with Z-shell. C-shell will not be fully emulated.
enable:
Enables printers to accept print requests from the lp command. Runs only on the print server.
enable:
Enables or disables internal commands.
enable:
Enables printers to print requests from the lp command. Runs only on the print server.
enable:
Enables or disables bash internal commands.
encrypt:
Shows the encrypted form of the string to the STDOUT.
enq:
Enqueues and manages requests to a shared resource, such as a printer device.
enroll:
Is used to create a password that can be used to implement a secure communication channel.
entstat:
Is used to show statistics from the Ethernet device and it's driver.
env:
Alters the current environment and invokes a utility or shows the current environment.
eqn, geqn:
Preprocesses files for troff which contain mathematics equations.
errclear:
Deletes entries from the error log file that are older than the specified number of days.
errdead:
Extracts error records from a system dump file and adds them to the error log.
errdemon:
Starts the error logging daemon.
errinstall:
Is used to add messages into the error logging message sets.
erritem:
Shows error messages that are used with the command ckitem.
errlogger:
Creates an operator error log entry that contains an operator message.
errmsg:
Is used to add a message into the errorlog message catalog.
error:
Is used to insert compiler error messages into a source file.
error:
Inserts compiler error messages into a source file.
errpt:
Processes and generates a report from entries in an error log.
errstop:
Stops the error logging daemon.
errupdate:
Is used to manage entries in the error record template repository.
eval:
Reads the argument as input to the shell and runs the resulting commands.
ex, e:
Is a line base text editor. It is able to work on several files at the same time.
exec:
Runs a command in place of the current shell. Usually another shell.
execerror:
Writes error messages to STDERR, executed by an exec subroutine when load of a program is unsuccessful.
exit:
Exits a shell or shell script with an exit status
expand:
Replaces Tabs with spaces in text files. If no input files are specified STDIN will be used.
expect:
Is used to automatically control interactive programs. It acts by reading commands from a file.
expectk:
Is used to automatically control interactive programs. Is the same as expect, With Tk support.
expfilt:
Exports filter rules to a text file that can be used by the command impfilt.
explain:
Is an interactive thesaurus for english language phrases.
export:
Exports a shell variable to environment.
exportfs:
Translates exportfs options to share/unshare commands. Without options it shows a list of shared NFS file systems.
exportfs:
Controls the exported file system table for NFS.
exportfs:
Translates exportfs options to share/unshare commands. Without options it shows a list of all currently shared NFS file systems.
exportvg:
Is used to export a volume group.
expr:
Evaluates an expression and show the result to STDOUT.
exptun:
Is used to export a tunnel definition.
exstr:
Extracts strings from source files written in the C language surrounded by double quotes.
extcompose:
Creates a file containing a reference to external files on the computer.
extendlv:
Is used to increase the size of a logical volume.
extendvg:
Is used to increase the number of disks in a volume group by adding a physical volume to the volume group.
ext_srvtab:
Reads service key files from Kerberos key distribution center database.
f:
Shows user information about users currently logged in to a host (same as the finger command).
face:
Shows your files and folders on the screen. It uses a system of menus and forms.
factor:
Finds the prime factor of a number. Also shows if the number is a prime factor.
faillog:
Manages the summary of failures in /var/log/faillog.
false:
Provides a false value in scripts, does nothing but always exits with a non zero-value.
fastboot:
Restarts the system, but does not take the time to write data in memory to the disks.
fastboot:
Restarts the system but does not take the time to write data in memory to the disks.
fasthalt:
Stops the system immediately, and writes unsaved data to the disks.
fasthalt:
Stops the system immediately.
fastmail:
Sends e-mails fast in a batch to a large group of receivers.
fbconfig:
Configures frame buffer attributes and shows information about them.
fc:
Reruns, edits or lists commands that have recently been used. With no options, edits and runs the last command.
fddistat:
Shows FDDI device drivers and statistics.
fdformat:
Formats new diskettes.
fdisk:
Handles partiton tables. If no arguments is specified, an interactive prompt will be used.
fdisk:
Is a utility for handling DOS partitions.
fdisk:
Creates or alters the disk partition table on your internal hard drive. You must specify rdevice, which is the raw device to a fixed disk.
fdl:
Manages font information on printers connected to Solaris hosts. It also allows users to manage printer maintenance.
fdpr:
Optimizes a command in three phases. First, it creates a instrumental program that learns the program behavior. Then it starts the program. Finally, it creates an optimized version.
feprom_update:
Is used to load the systems EPROM with the specified file and then reboots the system.
fetchmail:
Retrieves mail from POP, IMAP, or ETRN servers and forwards it to your local mail agent.
ff:
Shows file names and statistics for a file system.
ff:
Shows file names and statistics for a file system.
ffbconfig, SUNWffb_config:
Configures the FFB Graphics Accelerator.
ffill:
Is a faster version of the command fill and will not use nroff formatting.
fformat:
Fills or justifies paragraphs to the right margin, while preserving any left-margin indentation.
fg:
Resumes the execution of a stopped job in the foreground. Without an argument the current job is used.
fgconsole:
Shows you the number of the active virtual terminal.
fgrep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern.
file:
Performs tests on each file that you have specified to determine what file type it is.
file2c:
Decompiles binary or other files into C-source.
filemgr:
Is a GUI-based file management application. Alters file permissions and creates folders in your file system.
filemon:
Monitors file system performance and report I/O activity, virtual memory segments, physical, and logical volumes.
fileplace:
Shows where a specified file is placed within the physical or logical volumes containing the file.
filesync:
Synchronizes files between different computers.
filetest:
Tests a file for different things.
filetest:
Tests a file for different things.
fill:
Reads text from STDIN, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
find:
Finds files in the specified directories and subdirectories using the Boolean expression from the input line.
findsmb:
Shows information about computers on the network running MS Windows operating systems.
finger, safe_finger:
Shows information about logged in users.
firewall:
Turns off IP forwarding and prevents route information from being visible by starting /usr/etc/in.routed.asetoriginal with the -q flag.
fjust:
Reads text from STDIN, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
flcopy:
Copies to and from diskettes.
flex, flex++:
Is used to create a scanner program that recognize lexical patterns in a text.
flex, flex++, lex:
Creates a scanner program that recognizes lexical patterns in a text.
fmgc:
Manages the garbage collection and hierarchy information for users. These hierarchy files are created by the program filemgr and stores information about directories visited by users.
fmli:
Starts the form and menu language translator. It opens the frames that is specified by the file name argument.
fmt:
Is a text formatter. It will take the text from the file and produce output lines that are joined in the correct way.
fmthard:
Updates the Volume Table of Contents (VTOC) on hard disks.
fmtmsg:
Writes a message to STDERR or system console.
fnattr:
Manages the attributes of FNS (Federated Naming Service) objects.
fnbind:
Associates a resource to an FNS name, or binds a reference specified on the command line to an FNS name.
fncheck:
Checks for consistency between FNS (Federated Naming Service) data and NIS+ data.
fncopy:
Copies FNS (Federated Naming Service) contexts from one naming service to another.
fncreate:
Creates an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context.
fncreate_fs:
Creates File System contexts within the FNS (Federated Naming Service) namespace.
fncreate_printer:
Creates a new printer in the FNS (Federated Naming Service) namespace.
fndestroy:
Removes an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context from the specified name.
fnlist:
Shows the name and reference bound in an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context.
fnlookup:
Shows the binding of an FNS (Federated Naming Service) name that you specify.
fnrename:
Renames the binding of an FNS (Federated Naming Service) name.
fnsearch:
Searches for FNS (Federated Naming Service) objects with specified attributes and / or values.
fnselect:
Selects a naming service to use for the FNS (Federated Naming Service) initial context creation.
fnsypd:
Is a daemon used by NIS clients to update the FNS context on a NIS master server.
fnunbind:
Unbinds the resource from a FNS (Federated Naming Service) name.
fold:
Breaks lines in text files to the specified width.
folder, folders:
Shows the current folder and information about the messages in it.
folder, folders:
Shows the current folder and information about the messages in it.
for:
Is used to go trough each word in the list, assign the value to variable and run the commands.
foreach:
Is used to go trough each word in the list, assign the value to variable and run the commands.
format:
Formats diskettes or read/write optical media disks.
format:
Partitions, labels, repairs, and analyzes disks on the system. Without options, the interactive tool starts.
format_floppy:
Formats floppy disks. It is used mainly by the file manager.
fortune:
Shows a fortune from either the fortune.dat file or from the file specified.
fortune:
Shows an interesting or funny phrase from various people randomly each time you execute it.
fortune:
Shows an interesting or funny phrase from various files randomly each time you execute it.
fpr, asa:
Interprets Fortran carriage-control characters into line printer control characters.
frcactrl:
Administers the kernel extension FRCA to use in web servers.
free:
Shows the amount of free and used memory in the system.
from:
Shows the sender and date of newly arrived mail messages.
from:
Shows headers for mail sent by the specified sender.
from:
Shows sender and date of newly arrived mail messages.
fsadmin:
Controls whether the font server is or is not started automatically by inetd.
fsck:
Checks file systems for inconsistencies and repair them.
fsck.minix:
Checks the minix file system for consistency.
fsck_cachefs:
Checks the integrity of data cached with the CacheFS command.
fsck_ext2fs:
Makes an interactive file system consistency check and repairs the specified file systems.
fsck_ffs:
Makes a fast file system consistency check and interactive repair for the specified file system.
fsck_msdos:
Makes a DOS/Windows (FAT) file system consistency check and repairs the specified file systems.
fsdb:
Debugs a file system.
fsdb:
Is a tool for debugging and editing file system inode data.
fsdb:
Debugs a file system after a crash.
fsinfo:
Shows information including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsinfo:
Shows information, including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsinfo:
Shows information including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsirand:
Creates random inode generation numbers on all inodes on the specified device. It also creates a file system ID in the superblock.
fsirand:
Creates random inode generation numbers to increase security for NFS file systems. It also creates a file system ID in the superblock.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards (*) can be used.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards * can be used.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards * can be used.
fsplit:
Reads a FORTRAN source code from a file or STDIN and splits the input into separated routine files.
fsplit:
Reads Fortran source code from a file or STDIN and splits the input into separated routine files.
fstat:
Identifies and shows all open files in the system.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. Debugs font and re-create BDF files.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. It is used to debug fonts and re-create BDF files.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. It is used to debug font and recreate BDF files.
fstyp:
Determines the file system type for unmounted file systems.
ftl_check:
Shows bookkeeping information for a Flash Translation Layer partition.
ftl_format:
Formats a Flash Translation Layer partition on a flash memory device.
ftp:
Transfers files from a remote network. It uses the File Transfer Protocol.
ftpcount:
Shows current number of users using the FTP server.
ftprestart:
Automatically restarts shutdown FTP servers.
ftpshut:
Is an automatic shutdown procedure that notifies FTP users when the server is shutting down.
ftpwho:
Shows information about the current processes for each FTP user.
function:
Defines function in a shell.
functions:
Shows or set attribute for shell functions.
funzip:
Extracts the first file from a zip archive within a pipe to the standard, or specified, input.
fuser:
Shows the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems.
fuser:
Shows all processes that are using the specified files or file systems.
fuser:
Shows process IDs of files that are specified.
fvwm:
Is a window manager for X11. Is used to minimize memory consumption, provide a 3-D look to window frames.
fwtmp:
Converts binary records in wtmp to readable text records. Reads from STDIN and writes to STDOUT.
fwtmp:
Converts binary records in wtmp to readable text records. Reads from STDIN and writes to STDOUT.
g++:
Is the C++ compiler version of gcc. It assumes that the preprocessed files .i are in C++.
g++:
Is the C++ compiler version of gcc.
g77, f77:
Is the GNU Fortran compiler. This can also be started using f77.
g77, f77:
Is the GNU Fortran compiler. This is can also be started using f77.
gated:
Will provide gateway routing functions for the following protocols: RIP, RIPng, EGP, BGP, BGP4+, HELLO, IS-IS, ICMP, ICMPv6, and SNMP.
gawk, awk:
Is a processing language from GNU built from awk and supports all of the options found in awk.
gcc:
Is the GNU C/C++ compiler. It assumes that the preprocessed .i files are C based.
gcc, cc:
Is the GNU project C and C++ compiler.
gcore:
Creates a core file image for the process you specify. The default image file name will be core.processID.
gdb:
Is the GNU debugger program. This can start a specified program and modify its behavior.
gdb:
Is a debugger that can manage debugging of C, C++ and Modula-2 code. A.K.A GNU Debugger.
gdc:
Is a user interface for gated routing daemon.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a catfile.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a cat file.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a catfile.
gendiff:
Generates a diff file that contains the differences between two directories.
genfilt:
Adds a filter rule to the filter rule table.
geniconvtbl:
Creates binary code conversion tables for iconv using text files.
genkex:
Extracts a list of kernel extensions currently loaded onto the system and displays the address, size, and pathname for each extension.
genkld:
Extracts the list of shared objects currently loaded onto the system and displays the address, size, and pathname for each object.
genksyms:
Creates a file with version information by first running gcc -E on it.
genlayouttbl:
Creates a binary layout table from a locale.
genld:
Extracts a list of loaded objects for each process currently running on the system.
genmsg:
Creates message source files by extracting the messages from other source files.
gentun:
Creates a definition of a tunnel between a local and a remot host.
get:
Retrieves version information from the working copy of the SCCS file.
get, sccs-get:
Retrieves version information from the working copy of the SCCS file.
getconf:
Retrieves current configuration values and show them to STDOUT.
getdev:
Creates a device list that matches the criteria specified.
getdgrp:
Creates a list of device groups that match the specified criteria.
getent:
Retrieves entries using keywords that must already exist from a system configuration file.
getent:
Retrieves entries from system database files using keywords that exists in the database.
getfacl:
Shows the Access Control List (ACL), the owner, and the group for the specified file.
getfilename:
Uses a file in the specified format, then creates a copy of it using the specified file name.
getkeycodes:
Shows kernel scan-code to key-code mapping table. Can be used to define functions of special keys.
getln:
Reads a line from the command stack and doesn't treat a at the end of a row in any special way.
getNAME:
Captures the NAME section from a specified manual source, which can then be used for creating a table of contents or an introduction section to a manual.
getNAME:
Captures NAME sections from manual sources, and can be used to create manual introduction sections or a TOC.
getNAME:
Captures the NAME section from a specified manual source, which can then be used for creating a table of contents or an introduction section to a manual.
getopt:
Cleans up and checks options given to a shell script. It split option given together and place each option in its own variable. Any additional arguments is placed after --
getopts:
Will retrieve or set environment options and process them from the command line. The values specified by name and the index of the next arguments are placed into the shell variable OPTIND.
gettable:
Retrieves Network Information Center (NIC) format host tables from a host.
gettable:
Gets the DoD internet host table via the TCP port connection of a specified host server.
gettext:
Gets the domain name variable from a message object made by msgfmt.
gettext:
Gets domain name variable from a message object created by msgfmt that matches to the specified id.
gettxt:
Gets a text string from a specific message file database found in the directory /usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES, where the locale name corresponds to the string language.
getty:
"Manages ports and terminal lines
getty:
Is used to manage ports and terminal lines. Is not usually used on the command line.
getty:
Defines the terminal settings including the line speed and terminal behavior.
getvol:
Verifies that the device specified is available and that the proper media is inserted and ready for use.
ghost:
Reads and reconstructs previous versions of an INed-structured file in the output file.
gif2tiff:
Creates a TIFF image file from a GIF image file.
glbd:
Manages the global location broker (GLB) database, which helps clients locate servers on a network or the Internet.
glob:
Performs file name expansion on the words. The result is separated by a NULL-character.
gnubc:
Is used to calculate arbitrary precision numbers. Statements will be read from a file specified or from STDIN.
goto:
Jumps to label in a shell script.
gpasswd:
Administers the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.
gpatch:
Applies changes from the patch file to the original file. The patch file is made by the diff command.
gpg:
Is the main security program for the GNUPG system and can check, sign, encrypt and decrypt.
gphoto:
Administers picture handling with digital cameras. Can also be used with Web cameras and in scripts.
gpm:
Enables the mouse in screen mode and sets various attributes such as baud rate and mouse type.
gpm-root:
Allows Control-Mouse events to be able to draw menus during screen mode.
gprof:
Shows an execution (call-graph) profile of a program. It can also create files containing portions of this information.
grap:
Is used to typset graphs so that they can be used with the command pic.
greek:
Converts English-language output from a Teletype Model 37 workstation, reads STDIN, to output for other workstations, and writes to STDOUT.
grep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern.
grodvi:
Is a groff driver that creates TeX dvi files that can then be printed out.
grodvi:
Is a groff driver that creates TeX dvi files that can then be printed out.
groff:
Is the front end to the document formatting system used by groff.
groff:
Is the front end to the document formatting system used by groff.
grog:
Guesses which groff option is required for printing a specific file and sends this answer to STDOUT..
grog:
Guesses which groff option is required for printing a specific file and sends this answer to STDOUT.
grolj4:
Is a groff driver that is used for creating output that can be printed onto an HP LaserJet 4 type printer.
grolj4:
Is a groff driver that is used for creating output that can be printed onto an HP LaserJet 4-type printer.
grops:
Translates GNU troff output into PostScript.
grops:
Translates GNU troff output into PostScript. Usually started by groff -Tps.
grotty:
Translates GNU troff output into a simple printer format.
grotty:
Translates GNU troff output into a simple printer format. Usually started from groff.
groupadd:
Creates a new group definition on the system.
groupadd:
Creates a new group and adds it to the system.
groupadd:
Creates a new group definition on the system by editing the /etc/group file.
groupdel:
Deletes a specified group definition in the system.
groupdel:
Deletes a specified group definition in the system that resides in the /etc/group file.
groupmod:
Alter's a specific group definition on the system.
groupmod:
Alters a specific group definition on the system using the /etc/group file.
groups:
Shows the groups that a user is a member of.
grpck:
Verifies correctness of the group definitions in the user database by checking definitions for all or specified groups.
grpck:
Checks the integrity of the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.
grpck:
Verifies the entries in the group file.
grpconv:
Updates the /etc/gshadow if the /etc/group file has been changed manually.
grpunconv:
Creates the /etc/group file from the /etc/gshadow file, then removes the /etc/gshadow file.
gs:
Starts Ghostscript and reads Adobe Systems PostScript and PDF files.
gsscred:
Manages table entries that are used on servers to find the UID of clients connected by RPCSEC_GSS.
gtbl:
Compiles descriptions of any tables that are embedded inside troff files.
gunzip:
Extracts files created by gzip, zip, compress or pack.
gunzip:
Extracts files created by gzip, zip, compress or pack.
gunzip:
Extracts files. Support files that are created by gzip, zip compress, compress -H and pack.
gv:
Allows you to view PostScript and PDF documents.
gzcat:
Uncompresses a list of files from the command line or STDIN and writes the uncompressed data to STDOUT.
gzcat:
Shows (concatenates) the content of a compressed file on the screen.
gzcmp:
Compares the difference between compressed files.
gzdiff:
Runs the diff program on compressed files.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self extracting archive.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self-extracting archive.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self extracting archive.
gzforce:
Adds a .gz extension to a file compressed with gzip if they lost the extension during a file copy, for example.
gzgrep:
Starts the grep on compressed or gzipped files. Options specified are passed to grep.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel Ziv-coding.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel-Ziv-coding.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel-Ziv coding. If it is possible, the file is replaced by one with the .gz extension.
gzmore:
Shows compressed files with a suffix of .gz, .z, or .Z, one screen at a time.
gznew:
Compresses files with compressed with compress (*.Z) even more and gives it a .gz extension.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into Perl header file format.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into Perl header file format.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into perl header file format.
h2xs:
Creates Perl extensions from C header files.
h2xs:
Creates Perl extensions from C header files.
h2xs:
Creates perl extensions from C header files.
halt:
Writes any remaining data in memory to the disks and then stops the computer.
hash:
Shows or changes information in the internal hash table that stores information about executed commands.
hashstat:
Show information about how effective the internal hash table is.
hdparm:
Sets or retrieves hard drive parameters.
head:
Show lines from the beginning of each file on the screen.
help:
Shows a page with help information for new users.
help:
Shows help information about internal commands.
help:
Assists the user and system administrators in the use of Open BSD.
help:
Shows information about internal commands. With no option, shows a short description about internal commands.
helpitem:
Is used to format and show help messages for the command ckitem.
hexdump:
Dumps a file in hexadecimal format on the screen.
hexdump:
Shows files in ASCII, hexadecimal, decimal or octal format on STDOUT.
hisaxctrl:
Setups the HiSax-ISDN device driver, if you are using the HiSax driver.
history:
Shows a list of previously used commands, and can optionally execute them again.
host:
Finds host names for IP addresses on the Internet. The host name information comes from DNS servers.
host:
Looks up hostnames or IP-addresses using name servers.
host:
Looks up hostnames or IP addresses using name servers.
hostconfig:
Configures host parameters automatically, like hostname and domain name for a system using.bootp
hostent:
Modifies hostname to IP address mapping entries in the /etc/hosts file.
hostid:
Specifies or shows the hexadecimal identifier of the current local host.
hostid:
Shows na identifier for the current host in hexadecimal format.
hostid:
Shows the hexadecimal identifier of the current computer.
hostname:
Sets or shows the hostname for the computer.
hp:
Handles special functions for the HP2640- and HP2621-series terminals.
hpftodit:
Uses an HP tagged font metric file and creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4.
hpftodit:
Uses an HP tagged font metric file and creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4.
hplj:
Processs the output of the troff command for output to a Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet Series printer.
htable:
Converts host files to the format used by network library routines.
htable:
Converts a host's tables to network library routines from the older RFC 952 format.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
httpd:
Is the Apache internet Web server.
httpd:
Is the Apache Internet Web server.
httpd:
Is the Apache Internet Web server.
hup:
Allows a command to catch a hangup signal. This is the opposite of nohup.
hup:
Allows a command to catch a hang-up signal. This is the opposite of nohup.
hwclock, clock:
Shows and configures the hardware clock.
hyphen:
Reads one or more English-language files, finds all the lines ending with hyphenated words, and writes those words to STDOUT.
i4target:
Shows the target ID of your computer.
i4tv:
Verifies if license servers are running properly.
ibench:
Shows how many connections the daemon can manage during a specified time. Will also identify users.
ibm3812:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 3812 Model 2 Pageprinter.
ibm3816:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 3816 Pageprinter.
ibm5585H-T:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 5585H-T printer for traditional Chinese language.
ibm5587G:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 5587-G01, 5584-H02, 5585-H01, 5587-H01, or 5589-H01 printer.
iceauth:
Modifies or shows authorization information to connect with ICE.
iceauth:
Modifies or shows authorization information to connect with ICE.
iceauth:
Edits and shows authorization information to connect with ICE. Reads authorization data from one host and adds the information to another.
iconv:
Converts a sequence of characters in a file from one code set to another.
iconv:
Converts characters from one code set to another.
id:
Shows the userID and groupID of the user that you specify.
ident:
Searches for RCS keyword strings in files.
ident:
Searches for RCS keyword strings in files.
identd:
Searches TCP/IP connections and shows the user names that own the connections.
if:
Makes a decision inside a shell script. If the first expr is true run the first commands. If not check the next expr and so on. If no expr was true run commands after then.
ifcfg:
Configures the Ethernet interfaces.
ifconfig:
Configures network interface parameters or show the status for network interface.
ifdown:
Deactivates a network interface.
ifport:
Set or views the transceiver type for the network interface.
ifup:
Activates a network interface.
ifuser:
Shows whether any of the specified hosts are routed through the specified interface.
igawk:
Adds the ability to have include files in gawk. It accepts all gawk options. Gawk also includes additional options from Bell Labs and GNU specific options.
ike:
Administers the use of IP Security dynamic tunnels that use the IKE protocol.
imagetool:
Is a GUI that is used to show gif, tiff, jpeg and PostScript images.
imake:
Creates makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imake:
Creates Makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imake:
Creates Makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imapd:
Starts the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) server process.
imon:
Monitors your ISDN activities.
imontty:
Shows the status of all ISDN lines.
impfilt:
Imports filter rules from text export files that are generated by the expfilt command.
import:
Captures some or all of an X server screen and saves it to a file.
importvg:
Imports a new volume group definition to the system.
imptun:
Will add an exported tunnel definition and any user-defined filter rules associated with the tunnels to the local host.
in.dhcpd:
Configures the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). It is used to forward or respond to DHCP or BOOTP protocol requests.
in.fingerd, fingerd:
Is the daemon the manages the finger protocol.
in.ftpd, ftpd:
Is the Internet FTP daemon that manage FTP services. It is only started by the inetd daemon when requested.
in.identd, identd:
Returns user information about the owner of a connection to a remote computer.
in.ndpd:
Makes auto-configurations for hosts and routers of Neighbor Discovery and Address Auto configuration for IPv6.
in.rarpd, rarpd:
Provides MAC-address to IP-address resolution to workstations at startup.
in.rdisc:
Finds default routes on the network or broadcasts that your host is a router.
in.rexecd, rexecd:
Is a daemon that services remote execution requests and uses use rname and password authentication. inetd will automatically start the daemon when needed.
in.ripngd:
Manages network routing tables for the IPv6 Routing Information Protocol.
in.rlogind, rlogind:
Is the server for the rlogin command. The server looks at client's source port. If port is not in the range 0-1023, the server will abort the connection.
in.routed, routed:
Manages and provides network routing tables for hosts on the network. Also updates hosts acting as internetwork routers with complete copies of routing tables.
in.rshd, rshd:
Is the server for rsh (remote shell) and allows clients to execute commands from remote clients. The server accepts connections from the client on any port lower the 1024.
in.telnetd, telnetd:
Used to process incoming requests on the telnet port. Started by the Internet Server (inetd).
in.tftpd, tftpd:
Is a server that gives you TFTP functionality, it uses the UDP protocol instead of TCP.
in.uucpd, uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Invoked by inetd upon request.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. It can also convert from one style of C to another.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. Converts from one C style to another.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. Converts from one C style to another.
indxbib:
Creates an index for a database file in inverted form. It can be read by the commands lookbib and refer. Is an executable in Linux, BSD and a script in AIX, Solaris.
inetd:
Starts all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf as they are needed.
inetd:
Manages startup of all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf.
inetd:
Starts all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf. It starts all Internet standard services such as FTP, telnet, SMTP, and HTTP, and is normally started during bootup.
info:
Reads hypertext info nodes. Info nodes fill the same function on as man pages.
info:
Shows hypertext info nodes. Info nodes fill the same function on as man pages.
infocmp:
Shows terminal information or compare descriptions between two or more terminals.
infotocap:
Reads the specified file and converts found terminfo descriptions to termcap descriptions. The converted descriptions is shown on STDOUT.
infotocap:
Reads the specified file and converts found terminfo descriptions to termcap descriptions.
init, telinit:
Changes run levels for the system. Shuts down or restart the computer in different modes.
initdb:
Creates a new Postgres database system.
initlocation:
Creates another Postgres secondary database storage area.
initlog:
Sends log messages to the system logging facility.
insmod:
Installs loadable kernel modules (device drivers) in the running kernel.
install:
Manages the installation of files to a specific location or creates directories in a file system.
install-info:
Installs or erases menu entries in info directory files.
install-info:
Erases or installs specified entries in the info files.
install-mh:
Creates the inital setup for a first-time nmh user.
install-mh:
Creates the initial setup for a first-time nmh user.
installboot:
Installs a first stage boot program to the boot area of an ffs disk partition.
installboot:
Installs a bootblock in a partition in order to make it bootable.
installbsd:
"Is the BSD version of the install command
installf:
Maintains and updates the database that holds information about installed software.
installp:
Installs and updates software products in a compatible installation package.
install_assist:
Is a program that helps customize your system.
install_conduit:
Is a script that allows users to install Java-based pipes for synchronization with a Palm Pilot.
instfix:
Installs filesets associated with unique keywords or fixes using APAR number.
integer:
Show or sets attribute for integer variables.
inucp:
Is a simple copy program. Mostly used by the installp command.
inudocm:
Reads the specified files and shows all supplemental information found within them.
inurecv:
Recovers files saved by the inusave command.
inurest:
Is a utility for simple archive and restore operations, used by the installp command and shell scripts.
inurid:
Deletes installation information for diskless/dataless clients from the inst_root directories of installed software.
inusave:
Saves installed or updated files. Mostly used by the installp command.
inutoc:
Creates a .toc file for installation images in the specified directory.
inuumsg:
Shows a pre-made error message on STDOUT.
iostat:
Shows input and output statistics for disks, terminals and tapes.
ipcalc:
Calculates IP address information.
ipcclean:
Cleans up shared memory and semaphores from aborted backends.
ipchains:
Manages IP firewall rules in the Linux 2.2 kernel.
ipchains-restore:
Restores IP firewall chains from STDIN.
ipchains-save:
Shows the firewall chains on the screen.
ipcrm:
Releases shared memory by removing identifiers from message queues, semaphores, and shared memory segments that programs or services have left behind.
ipcs:
Shows information about inter-process communications currently active in the system, such as shared memory segments, semaphores and message queues.
ipf:
Manages IP firewall and filter rules in the kernel.
ipfilter:
Shows specified contents from an ipreport output file.
ipfstat:
Shows packet filter statistics and filter lists.
ipftest:
Sends test packets through a ipf filter rule set found in a specified ruleset file.
ipmon:
Shows the logged packets going through the IP packet log device.
ipnat:
Is used to configure IP network address translation rules. NAT is used to hide private networks.
ipppd:
Is a modified pppd that provides synchronous PPP support for ISDN connections.
ipppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics.
ipreport:
Creates a trace report from a trace file.
ipresend:
Sends out captured packets to the network.
iprofd:
Creates the modem register of the ISDN-ttys AT-emulator permanent.
ipsecadm:
Configures the security associations (SA) in the kernel to use IPSec.
ipsecconf:
Manages IP security policies.
ipseckey:
Manages the security association data base (SADB) for the network security services ipsecah and ipsecesp manually. Without options it is started interactively.
ipsecstat:
Shows the status of IP security devices, crypto algorithms, and security packets.
ipsectrcbuf:
Shows the tracing buffers from the IP security subsystem.
ipsec_convert:
Converts an AIX IP security tunnel to either an IBM Secure Network Gateway 2.2 or IBM Firewall 3.1 tunnel.
ipsend:
Sends IP packets to a destination host.
iptables:
Manages IP firewall rules in the Linux 2.4 kernel.
iptest:
Tests the IP's functions by generating packets and sending them to specified destination.
iptrace:
Traces incoming and outgoing IP packets.
iptunnel:
Configures various types of IP tunnels.
ipx_cmd:
Is a bridge between local IPX network and Novell's SCMD driver.
ipx_configure:
Queries or configures IPX behavior with respect to automatic IPX interface detection.
ipx_interface:
Manages IPX interfaces.
ipx_internal_net:
Adds or removes the IPX internal network.
ipx_route:
Adds or removes an IPX route.
isainfo:
Shows the architecture and instructions set of the kernel.
isakmpd:
Is the IKE key management daemon, used to establish security associations for authenticated and encrypted network traffic.
isakmpd:
Is the IKE key management daemon that establish security associations for authenticated/encrypted network traffic.
isalist:
Shows all instruction sets that can run on the system to STDOUT.
isapnp:
Reads the configuration file to configure ISA PnP cards.
isdnconf:
Manipulates or reads ISDN phone number config files.
isdnctrl:
Configures ISDN device information.
isdnlog:
Shows decoded information from the ISDN card.
isdnrate:
Shows telephone rates and various info from rate files.
isdnrep:
Shows ISDN activity.
isoinfo:
Does directory-like listings of iso9660 images.
isovfy:
Checks an iso9660 image for errors.
ispcvt:
Verifies if the current video driver installed in the kernel is a PCVT driver.
ispell:
Is a compatibility script for the aspell spell checker.
istat:
Shows I-node information for a file.
jar:
Compresses multiple files into a single JAR file. Can also compress files in ZIP and ZLIB formats.
jarsigner:
Creates passwords and verifies the signatures of jar files.
java:
Executes java programs.
java, java_g:
Is an interpreter that is used to execute Java bytecode. java_g is a non-optimized version of java used for debugging.
javac:
Compiles java code into java bytecode.
javadoc:
Manages documentation about classes, interfaces, methods, and the like in HTML format.
javah:
Creates header files for use by C-language compilers.
javah, javah_g:
Creates header files used by C-language programs. javah_g is a non-optimized version of javah used for debugging.
javakey:
Is a security tool that generates digital signatures for java archive files.
javald:
Captures the environment needed to run a java application specified by class name.
javap:
Disassembles java class files.
java_g:
Is a non optimized java version that can be used with debuggers.
jdb:
Debugs java classes with a command-line interface similar to dbx using Java debugger APIs.
jobid:
Shows the process id for the job or for the current job if not given.
jobs:
jobs is used to report all jobs that are stopped or executing in the background.
join:
Compares two files and joins them together where the fields are identical and show the result to STDOUT.
jot:
Creates a sequential of numbers, characters or words, according to the operands specified in the parameters.
jpegtran:
Converts JPEG from one compression to another.
jre:
Is a runtime interpreter for java.
jre:
Is a runtime interpreter for java.
jsh:
Is the Job control shell and command interpreter. It has similar functions as Bourne shell (sh), with job control.
just:
Reads text from STDINt, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
kadmin:
Is the interactive Kerberberos database administration program.
kadmind:
Is the daemon for the Kerberos network database administrator program.
kauth:
Is a login utility for the Kerberos database program.
kauthd:
Is a remote login daemon for the Kerberos database program.
kbd:
Is used to show or change the keyboard's values.
kbd:
Manipulates, shows or changes the keyboards values.
kbdconfig:
Configures the keyboard.
kbdrate:
Changes keyboard configurations.
kbd_mode:
Changes the keyboard translation mode. Useful when a program don't restore the translation mode.
kbd_mode:
Changes the keyboard translation mode.
kcon:
Is a keyboard configuration utility for the PCVT video driver.
kdb:
Shows system images.
kdb_destroy:
Deletes a Kerberos key distribution center database. Prompts the user for verification before actually doing it.
kdb_edit:
Creates or changes principals stored in the Kerberos key distribution center database.
kdb_init:
Initializes a Kerberos key distribution center database and creates the necessary principals.
kdb_util:
Performs utility functions on the Kerberos key distribution center database.
kdestroy:
Writes zeros to the files containing the user's Kerberos authorization tickets, to destroy them.
kdestroy:
Writes zeros to the user's Kerberos authorization tickets so as to destroy the file.
kdump:
Converts kernel trace files produced with ktrace to readable format. Shows it on STDOUT.
kerbd:
Generates and validates the Kerberos tickets for the kernel RPC.
kernelversion:
Shows the major version of the kernel.
keycfg:
Shows or alters the electronic mode switch.
keycomp:
Compiles keyboard mapping files into input method keymap files.
keyenvoy:
Allows some RPC calls talk to the keyserv daemon.
keylogin:
Decrypts and stores the user's secret key.
keylogin:
Decrypts and stores a users secret key, which is used in requests to any secure RPC service such as NIS+.
keylogout:
Erases a user?s secret key stored by the keyserv process.
keylogout:
Erases a user's secret key that is stored by the keyserv process.
keymaps:
Shows the INed command key layout for all keyboards.
keynote:
Handles keynote operations. The function is described by the first identifier.
keyserv:
Is a server daemon that stores the private encryption keys for the currently logged in users.
keyserv:
Is a server daemon that stores the private encryption keys for the currently logged in users.
kgmon:
Is the monitor kernel profiling.
kgmon:
Monitors kernel profiling.
kibitz:
Allows multiple interactions to one shell.
kill:
Stops a process or sends a signal to a processes.
killall:
Cancels all active processes.
killall:
Kills all processes running the specified commands.
killall:
Stops all active processes. Only a superuser can run this command.
killall5:
Kills all processes but the ones in it's own session. Same as the System V killall command.
kinit:
Logs in to a Kerberos authentication system.
kinit:
Logs into the Kerberos authentication system.
klist:
Shows you information listed in the ticket file about current Kerberos tickets held.
klist:
Shows you information listed in the ticket file about current Kerberos tickets held.
klogd:
Is a daemon that is used to log kernel messages.
kprop:
Propagates the Kerberos database to the Kerberos slaves.
kpropd:
Receives the Kerberos database propagated from a kprop process on a Kerberos master.
krlogind:
Provides server functions for the rlogin command.
krshd:
Provides server functions for remote command executions.
ksh, rksh:
Is the Korn shell, a standard/restricted command and programming language.
ksh, rksh:
Is the Korn shell, a standard/restricted command and programming language.
ksh, sh:
Starts the Korn shell, which is a command interpreter and a programming language. The Korn shell is the default shell for AIX.
ksrvtgt:
Manages Kerberos ticket-granting tickets.
ksrvutil:
Manipulates host Kerberos key files.
kstash:
Saves the Kerberos key distribution center database master key in the master key file.
kstat:
Examines the current available kernel statistics.
ksymoops:
Decodes Linux kernel Oops.
ksyms:
Shows kernel symbols that have been exported.
ktrace:
Does log the kernel trace of the specified process.
kudzu:
Checks the hardware. If there are some changes in the system, it gives the opportunity to configure the hardware.
kvm_mkdb:
Creates kernel databases.
kx:
Forwards X connections from a remote client to a local screen through an authenticated and encrypted stream.
kxd:
Forwards X connections securely.
labelit:
Writes or shows the label of an unmounted file system.
lam:
Copies specified files parallel to STDOUT.
LANG=language:
Change the regional setting and language translation.
last:
Shows login information about users, hosts, and terminals.
lastb:
Shows all bad login attempts.
lastcomm:
Shows a reverse-order list of commands executed recently.
lastcomm:
Shows a reverse order list of commands executed last.
lastcomm:
Shows the last commands executed, in reverse order.
lastlog:
Shows the contents of the last login log. The information includes login name, port, and last login time.
lastlogin:
Updates the login information in the file /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog.
lastlogin:
Updates the login information in the file /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog.
lbxproxy:
Is an X proxy that uses the low bandwidth extension to X (LBX). Some optimizations is made to the connections that increases speed over slow connections. Solaris 8 only
lb_admin:
Manages the registration of NCS-based servers in location broker databases.
lb_find:
Shows global location broker daemons and their attributes.
lc:
Runs the last function specified by function or the last command entered
ld:
Is a linker for object files used to link executables or shared libraries. Ld operates in two modes, static or dynamic.
ld86:
Links object files produced by the as86 assembler into I&D executables.
ldapadd:
Adds new entries to the LDAP server. Rejects duplicate attributes for same entry.
ldapclient:
Configures an LDAP client machine.
ldapdelete:
Erases one or multiple entries from an LDAP server.
ldaplist:
Shows a list of naming information from an LDAP directory service file.
ldapmodify:
Binds, modifies, or adds entries to the LDAP server; rejects duplicates for the same entry.
ldapmodrdn:
Connects to the LDAP server and modifies the RDN entries.
ldapsearch:
Makes a connection to an LDAP server, performs searches by using the specified filter.
ldap_cachemgr:
Updates the configuration cache for the LDAP naming services.
ldap_gen_profile:
Creates an LDIF file to be loaded into an LDAP server. This file can later be downloaded by an LDAP client.
ldconfig:
It is used to configure run time bindings for the dynamic linker.
ldconfig:
Scans built-in and specified system directories and stores any information about shared libraries in /var/run/ld.
ldd:
Shows a list of executable files and their dynamic dependencies or shared objects
ldd:
Shows all shared objects that are required to run the specified program.
ldd:
Lists executable files and their dynamic dependencies or shared objects. Also lists the pathnames of all shared objects that are needed when file is executed.
leave:
Reminds you of a time to leave. Reminds you five minutes and one minute before the specified time. The time can be specified in 12- or 24- hour format, but is converted to 12-hour format.
leave:
Reminds you of a time to leave. Reminds you 5 minutes and 1 minute before the specified time.
less:
Is a text pager for UNIX system, used to show ASCII files.
less:
Is a text pager for UNIX systems, used to displays ASCII files.
less (3):
More options
less, page:
Is a text pager for UNIX system, used to show ASCII files.
lesskey:
Manages key bindings for less.
lesskey:
Is used to manage key bindings for less.
lesskey:
Manages key bindings for less.
let:
Performs arithmetic calculations using the arguments specified, can be used in advanced shell scripts.
let:
Will evaluate the arguments and if the result is zero the exit status is 1 otherwise 0.
lex:
Creates C programs to be used in lexical processing of character input. That can be used as an interface to yacc.
lilo:
Allows you to have several operating systems installed and boot into any of them at startup.
limit:
Set limitations on the system resources available to the current shell.
line:
Reads and copies one line from STDIN, and shows the line on STDOUT, which is usually the screen.
line:
Reads and copies one line from STDIN and shows the line on STDOUT, usually the screen.
link:
"Links files and directories to existing files or directories
link:
Links files and directories to existing files or directories. Only superusers can use it.
links:
Is a simple command-line URL browser.
lint:
Checks a specified C program file for errors that make the file non-portable, wasteful, or buggy.
lint:
Is used to check a specified C program file for errors that leave it nonportable, wasteful, or buggy.
lint:
Finds the link to /usr/ccs/bin/ucblint; it is used by the C program verifier to find libraries.
linuxconf:
Is an interactive menu configuration program.
listalias:
Shows user and system mail aliases in the system. This is one part of the elm mailer.
listdgrp:
Shows members of the device group list specified by dgroup.
listres:
Creates a list of widget's names and classes.
listres:
Generates a list of a widget's resource database.
listres:
Creates a list of widget's names and classes.
listusers:
Lists all user logins and shows the login ID and account field value from specified database.
listX11input:
Shows X11 input extension records that have been entered into the ODM.
list_devices:
Lists assigned devices in the system and checks their association with current processes.
lkbib:
Finds references in the bibliographic database that contain the specified keyword.
lkbib:
Searches for references in bibliographic databases that contains the specified keyword. Shows result on STDOUT.
llbd:
Manages the local location broker database.
ln:
Creates a link between the specified source and destination files.
lndir:
Makes a shadow directory tree from fromdir with symbolic links.
lndir:
Creates a shadow of the current or specified directory containing only symbolic links to the parent directory.
loadkeys:
Reads and modifies the keyboard translation tables.
loadkeys:
Reads and modifies the keyboard translation tables.
local:
Creates a local variable within a function and set variable's attribute.
local:
Creates a local variable within a function and sets the variable's attribute.
locale:
Shows information about the current locale or all public locales.
locale:
Shows locale-specific information.
locale:
Shows locale-specific information.
localedef:
Converts locale and character set description source files to produce a locale database.
localedef:
Compiles or creates locale specifications.
localedef:
Defines the locale definition format.
locate:
Finds files in a database. The script /usr/libexec/locate.updatedb, usually run by cron daily, lists all files on the system and builds /var/db/locate.database.
locate.updatedb:
Updates the locate database. This is usually updated using the /etc/weekly script.
lock:
Locks a terminal to a user who has verified himself with a password. The terminal stays locked until it is released by user, the timeout is reached, or a user with appropriate privileges unlocks it.
lock:
Locks a terminal to a user with password. It stays locked until it's released by a user or timed out.
lockd:
Performs record locking on NFS files.
lockfile:
Creates semaphore files used to limit the access so that only one program is allowed to access the file or files.
lockfs:
Reports and changes the status of the file system locks. It unlocks file systems that were improperly locked by an application.
lockspool:
Locks user's system mailbox.
lockstat:
Gathers and show statistics on kernel synchronization objects.
lockstat:
Gathers and shows statistics on kernel synchronization objects.
lofiadm:
Administers the loopback file driver and associates a file to a block device.
log:
Lists all users that are logged in and affected by the watch parameter.
logform:
Formats a logical volume so that it can be used as a JFS log device.
logger:
Adds messages to the system log from the command line.
login:
Lets you sign on to the system.
logins:
Shows a list of logins on a system. Information is shown about both user and system logins
logname:
Shows your login name.
logout:
Exits a login shell form in Bash, C, TC and Z-Shell (bash, csh, tcsh, zsh).
logresolve:
Resolves IP addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logresolve:
Resolves IP-addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logresolve:
Resolves IP addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logrotate:
Administrates log files by rotating, compressing, removing, and mailing the log files.
look:
Will find words in the system dictionary and show all lines that begins with the specified string.
lookbib, glookbib:
Finds references in a bibliographic database and recover records containing the keywords entered at the prompt.
loopctrl:
Configures the isdnloop ISDN driver.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive, and shows a list of the pairs.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive and shows a list of the pairs.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive and shows a list of the pairs.
losetup:
Administers and controls loop devices.
lp:
Sends print request to a printer or printer queue.
lp:
Sends print request to a printer or printer queue.
lp:
Sends print requests to a destination.
lpadmin:
Manages print services.
lpbanner:
Show a banner on a fixed-size font printer.
lpc:
Used by the system administrator to control the operation of the line printer system.
lpc:
Is used by the system administrator to control the operation of the line printer system.
lpc:
Controls line printers.
lpd:
Is used to start the remote print server daemon.
lpd:
Starts the printer server.
lpd:
Is a print daemon.
lpf:
Is used as a general printer filter. It is often used in the printcap file as a filter.
lpf:
Is used by lpd in the printcap file to filter printouts.
lpfilter:
Make the file content compatible for a printer. Specific filters will assist to convert the file into the proper format.
lpforms:
Manages forms to use with the LP print service.
lpget:
Shows a printing configuration report.
lpmove:
Moves queued print requests between destinations on the local system.
lppchk:
Verifies that installable software and the SoftWare Vital Product Database match.
lpq:
Shows the content of a print queue.
lpr:
Sends print requests to a printer. Will use STDIN if no file is specified.
lpraccnt:
Is a printer accounting program template. It opens a specified TCP port for to send information
lprm:
Removes print requests from the print queue and report the file's name of removed request.
lpsched:
Starts or restarts the LP print service.
lpset:
Creates and updates printing configuration in the system configuration databases.
lpshut:
Stops the LP print service.
lpstat:
Shows status information for the print service.
lpstat:
Shows status information on a printer or printer queue.
lpstat:
Shows status information of the print service.
lptest:
Generates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and shows all 96 printable ASCII characters, useful for testing printers or terminals.
lptest:
Creates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and show all 96 printable ASCII characters useful for testing.
lptest:
Generates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and shows all 96 printable ASCII characters; useful for testing printers.
lpunlock:
Unlocks a printer that is waiting for lock.
lpusers:
Sets printing queue priorities. Can be assigned to jobs sent by users of LP print service.
ls:
Lists the contents of a specified directory and supports wildcards.
ls-F:
Lists files like ls -F. It's much faster than ls.
ls-F:
Lists files like ls -F. It's much faster than ls.
lsallq:
Shows all configured print queues.
lsallqdev:
Shows all configured plotter and printer queue device names in a specified queue.
lsattr:
Shows attributes for devices in the system.
lsattr:
Shows the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
lsauthent:
Shows all configured authentication methods in the system.
lscfg:
Shows configuration, vital product data, and diagnostic information for the system.
lsclass:
Shows workload management classes.
lsconn:
Shows which connections a device can accept.
lscons:
Shows the device name of a console.
lsdev:
Shows information about devices in the system.
lsdisp:
Shows which monitors are available to the system.
lsfilt:
Shows filter rules and their status.
lsfont:
Shows all available fonts.
lsfs:
Shows various file system information.
lsgroup:
Shows group attributes.
lsitab:
Shows records from the inittab file.
lskbd:
Shows which keyboard map is currently loaded.
lslicense:
Shows the number of fixed licenses in the system and status of the floating licenses.
lslpp:
Shows information about installed or updated software.
lslv:
Shows status information or allocation maps for a logical volume.
lsmaster:
Shows the configuration for a NIS master server.
lsmod:
Shows information about the loaded modules.
lsnamsv:
Shows name service information from the /etc/resolv.conf file.
lsnfsexp:
Shows information about NFS exported directories.
lsnfsmnt:
Shows information about NFS file systems that are available to mount.
lsnim:
Shows information about the Network Installation Management (NIM) environment.
lsof:
Shows a listing of open files.
lsparent:
Shows which parent devices will accept a specified connection type or device.
lspci:
Shows information about all PCI buses in the system and all devices connected to them.
lsprtsv:
Shows print service information from the database.
lsps:
Shows information about paging spaces.
lspv:
Shows information about physical volumes in the system.
lsque:
Shows queue stanza names.
lsquedev:
Shows queue stanza names and attributes from the /etc/qconfig file.
lsresource:
Shows a list of assigned bus resources in the system.
lsrole:
Shows a list of role attributes.
lssec:
Shows attributes from the security configuration files.
lssrc:
Shows the status of a subsystem or a subserver.
lstun:
Shows IP tunnel definitions.
lsuser:
Shows attributes from a user account.
lsvfs:
Shows entries from the /etc/vfs file.
lsvg:
Shows information about volume groups and partitions.
lsvgfs:
Shows the file systems that are in a volume group.
lsvirprt:
Shows virtual printer attributes.
ls_admin:
Manages the license server database.
ls_dpass:
Creates passwords for customers and distributors of software products.
ls_rpt:
Shows information on the license server events.
ls_stat:
Shows the license server system status.
ltrace:
Traces library calls of a given program.
luxadm:
Manages RSM, SENA, and SPARCstorage Array subsystem and individual FC AL devices.
lvchkmajor:
Shows if a device major number is in use for a specific volume group.
lvlstmajor:
Shows a list of device major numbers not currently in use.
lynx:
Is a fully featured, text only WWW browser. Shows HTML documents with links to files on the local system and for remote hosts running HTTP, FTP, NNTP, WAIS, and Gopher.
lynx:
Is a fully featured, text only, Web browser.
m4:
Is a front end macro processor that is used for programming languages like C and assembler.
m64config:
Configures the M64 Graphics Accelerator and can also alter some of the X11 window defaults for the M64.
mach:
Shows what processor your computer is running on.
machine:
Shows the kernel or application architecture.
machstat:
Shows information about the power status.
macref:
Shows a cross-referenced list of macro files
mail, Mail, mailx:
Reads and sends mail.
mail.local:
Reads from STDIN and appends the information to the specified user's mail file.
mail.local:
Is a local mail delivery agent for sendmail.
mailcompat:
Makes the Solaris mailbox format compatible with SunOS 4.x clients.
mailprint:
Erases any attachments from the specified mail file and adds a line to inform how many that was removed.
mailq:
Shows the mail queue. Shows first line for each mail massage, host for the massage, size the date and time.
mailstats:
Shows the statistics collected by the program sendmail.
mailto:
Sends multimedia mail in MIME format. It can only be used to send mail.
mailwrapper:
Starts an appropriate MTA software based on configuration information in /etc/mailer.conf. It is designed to replace usr/sbin/sendmail.
make, gmake:
Updates a target file and all of its dependencies or repairs missing or invalid target dependency trees.
makedbm:
Creates a DBM file or converts a DBM file to a text file.
makedepend:
Reads each specified source file in the given sequence and then parses it.
makedev:
Creates description files in binary format that can be read by the command troff.
MAKEDEV:
Creates device entries in the /dev directory.
MAKEDEV:
Create system and device special files. This script is run at installation, but can be run later.
makeg:
Makes an executable file that can be used for debug operations.
makeg:
Is used to make an executable file that can be used for debug operations.
makeinfo:
Converts Texinfo files to plain text, HTML or info files for online reading.
makeinfo:
Converts TeX info files to plain text, HTML or info files for online reading.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption. It generates a 13-character key from a 10-character input.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption. It generates a 13-character key from a 10-character input.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail and creates the database map by reading from STDIN.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail create the specified type of database map. Reads from STDIN and writes to the specified new map name.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail and creates the specified type of database map by reading from STDIN and writes to the specified new map name.
makepsres:
Creates an PostScript language database file that contains the resources in the specified path names.
makepsres:
Creates an Adobe PostScript language database file called PSres.upr, which contains the resources in the specified pathnames. Reads from STDIN as default.
makestrs:
Creates string table C source files and headers and outputs them on STDOUT.
makewhatis:
Updates the whatis database.
make_smbcodepage:
Creates a codepage for use with Samba.
man:
Shows the manual page of the specified command.
man2html:
Converts manual pages to HTML format.
manpath:
Shows search paths for man pages.
mant:
Typesets man pages.
map-mbone:
Shows all multicast routers that are available from the specified multicast router startingrouter.
mattrib:
Changes file attributes for MS-DOS files
mbadblocks:
Tests a floppy disk for bad blocks and marks them in the file allocation table.
mc:
Is a file manager used to browse directories and files.
mcat:
Copies a disk image to or from a floppy disk.
mcd:
Changes directory in a MS-DOS directory structure.
mcedit:
Edits file. It starts Midnight Commander (mc) in edit mode.
mconnect:
Connects you to the specified remote SMTP mail server socket, or to the local host if no remote host is specified.
mcookie:
Creates a magic cookie that works with the command xauth.
mcopy:
Copies MS-DOS files to or from a UNIX system.
mcs:
Adds, erases, shows and compresses the contents in the comment section of an ELF object file.
md5:
Is an algorithm used for digital signature applications to create a 128-bit message-digest fingerprint.
md5sum:
Verifies MD5 checksums.
mdb:
Is a low-level modular debugger used to operate crash dumps, processes, core dumps, and so forth.
mdel:
Deletes a file in an MSDOS file system..
mdeltree:
Deletes a directory from an MSDOS file system.
mdir:
Shows files in an MSDOS directory.
mdu:
Shows disk usage for a specific file or files on an MS-DOS file system.
merge:
Merges three files together. It merges the changes between input file 2 and 3 into input file number 1.
merge:
Merges three files together. It merges the changes between input files two and three into input file number one.
mesg:
Allows or disallows messages to be sent to your terminal.
messages:
Shows how many messages you have in your mailbox or folder.
metamail:
Manages how to show mails that are non text-based.
metasend:
Sends non text mails.
mformat:
Formats MS-DOS floppy disks.
mhl:
Creates formatted message lists.
mhl:
Shows and filters text messages in New Messages Handling System (NMH).
mhmail:
Is a program that reads or sends mail.
mhmail:
Reads or sends mail.
mhpath:
Shows pathnames to folders and messages.
mhpath:
Shows pathnames to folders and mailboxes.
mibiisa:
Is Sun's RFC 1157-compliant SNMP agent.
midiplay:
Is used to play MIDI files.
migratepv:
Is used to move physical partitions from one physical volume to one or more physical volumes.
mikmod:
Plays modules on a UNIX system.
mimencode:
Converts or deconverts any standard mail-encoding formats defined by MIME.
mingetty:
Is a smaller getty that works with virtual consoles.
minicom:
Is a text-based window serial communication program.
mirrord:
Manages the mirror module for remote maintenance.
mirrorvg:
Mirrors all logical volumes that exist on a specified volume group.
mk-amd-map:
Creates database maps for Amd.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkboot:
Creates a boot record, boot image, and service record. Not supported by AIX 4.2 and later.
mkbootdisk:
Creates a boot floppy for the running system.
mkcatdefs:
Prepares a message source file for input to the gencat command.
mkcd:
Creates a multi-volume CD system backup image from a mksysb, or from a user-specified volume group or previously created savevg image.
mkcfsmnt:
Constructs an entry that will be appended to the /etc/filesystems file and makes the file system available as a cache file system.
mkclass:
Creates a workload management class.
mkclient:
Uncomments entries in the /etc/rc.nfs file for the ypbind daemon, and starts it to configure a client.
mkdep:
Creates makefile dependency lines for a specified source file.
mkdep:
Creates Makefile dependency lines for a specified source file.
mkdev:
Adds a specified device to the system.
mkdir:
Ccreates directories.
mkdirhier:
Creates the specified directories including any unspecified parent directories as well.
mkdosfs, mkfs.msdos:
Creates an MS-DOS file system in Linux.
mke2fs, mkfs.ext2:
Creates a second extended file system.
mkfifo:
Creates the FIFO special files specified by the paths and filenames on the command line.
mkfile:
Creates an empty file or files that can be used as NFS-mounted or local swap areas.
mkfile:
Creates an empty file or files that can be used as NFS-mounted or local swap areas.
mkfilt:
Activates or deactivates the filter rules.
mkfont:
Adds a font path name to the ODM.
mkfontdir:
Creates an index file from any X font files found in a directory. It typically looks for .pcf, .snf and .bdf fonts and then creates the file fonts.dir in the same specified directory.
mkfs:
Creates a file system on the specified disk partition.
mkfs:
Creates a Linux file system on the specified device.
mkfs:
Creates a file system on the specified disk partition rawdevicefile by calling upon the default FS or the specific one that is given by the -F FSType option.
mkfs.minix:
Creates a minix file system.
mkgroup:
Creates a new group.
mkhosts:
Creates a new hosts file.
mkinitrd:
Create a ramdisk to preload modules to gain access to the root file system.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660, Joliet, or HFS file system that is used on CDs and handles Rock Ridge attributes.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660 file system. Uses the specified directory tree to create a ISO9660 file system copy.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660 images file that is used to burn CD's.
mkitab:
Creates records in the /etc/inittab file.
mkkeyserv:
Uncomments keyserv daemon entries in the /etc/rc.nfs file and starts the daemon.
mklost+found:
Creates a lost+found directory for the fsck command.
mklost+found:
Creates a lost+found directory.
mklv:
Creates a new logical volume.
mklvcopy:
Creates logical volume copies.
mkmanifest:
Creates a shell script that restores UNIX file names that has been shortened by MS-DOS file systems.
mkmaster:
Creates and configure a NIS master server.
mkmsgs:
Creates a file of text strings that is accessible with the text retrieval tools gettxt, srchtxt and exstr.The input is a file of text strings for a specified geographic locale.
mknamsv:
Adds name server addresses to the file /etc/resolv.conf.
mknetid:
Creates the NIS netid map called netid.byname using the contents of the hosts, passwd, group and netid files.
mknfs:
Manages NFS configuration for the system.
mknfsexp:
Makes an NFS export of a directory to an NFS client.
mknfsmnt:
Mounts the specified directory from the specified host at the specified mounting point.
mknod:
Creates a directory entry for a specified special file.
mknotify:
Creates a notify method.
mkpasswd:
Manages the user database. Creates indexes over security files that can be used by different library subroutines.
mkpasswd:
Generates a new password and assigns it to a user if you specify one.
mkproto:
Creates a prototype file.
mkprtsv:
Manages TCP/IP print services on a host.
mkps:
Adds paging space to the system.
mkqos:
Adds QoS support to the system
mkque:
Creates a print queue in the system.
mkquedev:
Creates a new printer queue device in the system.
mkraid:
Manages RAID arrays.
mkrole:
Creates a new role in the system.
mkserver:
Creates a subserver definition in the sub server object class.
mkslave:
Configures an NIS slave server.
mkssys:
Creates a subsystem definition in the subsystem object class.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are removed from a list of other files.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are extruded from a list of other files.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are extruded from a list of other files.
mkswap:
Creates a swap area in Linux.
mksysb:
Creates a bootable image of the root volume group on a tape or a file.
mkszfile:
Updates the image.data file with new information.
mktcpip:
Configures startup values for TCP/IP on a host.
mktemp:
Creates a temporary file name using another file name as a template.
mktemp:
Creates a temporary file name using another file name as a template.
mktexlsr:
Manages ls-R databases.
mktun:
Activates an IBM IP tunnel.
mkuser:
Creates new user accounts on the system.
mkvg:
Creates a volume group.
mkvgdata:
Creates a volume group information file that can be used with the commands savevg and restvg.
mkvirprt:
Create a virtual printer.
mkxauth:
Manages .Xauthority files.
mk_niscachemgr:
Manages how the NIS cachemgr daemons should start.
mk_nisd:
Manages how the rpc.nisd daemons should start.
mk_nispasswdd:
Manages how the rpc.nispasswdd daemons should start.
mlabel:
Creates a volume label on MS-DOS file systems.
mm:
Prints memorandum macro- formatted documents.
mmd:
Create directories on MS-DOS file systems.
mmount:
Mounts a MS-DOS file system in Linux.
mmove:
Moves files on MS-DOS file systems.
mmt:
Typesets documents.
mmtu:
Manages maximum transfer unit values.
modinfo:
Shows information about the specified kernel module.
modinfo:
Shows you information about loaded kernel modules.
modload:
Loads a loadable kernel module into a running system where the input file in the syntax is an object file (.o file).
modload:
Loads a specified loadable kernel module into the running system.
modprobe:
Probes for modules in Linux.
modstat:
Shows the status of any loadable kernel modules present in the kernel.
modunload:
Unloads a previously loaded module from a running system.
modunload:
Unloads a previous loaded module from a running system.
mofcomp:
Compiles MOF files to CIM classes. These files can also be converted to Java.
mogrify:
Modifies images by scaling, rotating, twisting and cropping. It also converts image files.
monacct:
Creates accounting summary files in /var/adm/acct/fiscal and restarts summary files in /var/adm/acct/sum.
monacct:
Creates accounting summary files and places them into /var/adm/acct/fiscal. Also restarts summary files in /var/adm/acct/sum.
monitord:
Manages licenses for each login.
mopchk:
Shows information about MOP images.
mopd:
Is a MOP loader daemon that services MOP load requests on the Ethernet connected to one or all interfaces.
mopprobe:
Shows Ethernet address and node name for DEC servers 100/200/250/300 connected to one or all interfaces.
moptrace:
Shows the contents of MOP packages on the Ethernet connected to one or all interfaces.
more:
Shows a textfile one page at a time. Continues reading files specified on the command line.
mosy:
Manages conversion of ASN.1, SMI, and MIB definitions to object definitions for the command snmpinfo.
mount:
Mounts a file system or shows a file system that is already mounted. The file system can be local or remote.
mountall:
Mounts all file systems from the file system table.
mountd, rpc.mountd:
Answers file system mount requests and NFS access information checks.
mount_ados:
Is used to mount an Amiga DOS file system.
mount_cd9660:
Mounts an ISO-9660 file system found on the specified device to the specified mount point path.
mount_ext2fs:
Mounts an extended2 file system found on the specified device and attaches that to the specified destination directory.
mount_fdesc:
Mounts an instance of the per-process file descriptor namespace to the file system.
mount_ffs:
Mounts a Berkeley Fast File System on the specified device and node.
mount_kernfs:
Mounts an instance of the kernel parameter namespace to the global filesystem.
mount_mfs:
Creates a file system in the virtual memory and then mounts it on the specified node.
mount_msdos:
Mounts an MS-DOS file system to the specified special device at the specified node.
mount_nfs:
Mounts the NFS directory located on the computer specified to the mount point.
mount_null:
Duplicates a subtree of the file system namespace and creates a null file system layer.
mount_portal:
Mounts an instance of the portal daemon to the global file system namespace.
mount_procfs:
Mounts an instance of the process namespace to the global file system namespace.
mount_ufs:
Mounts a Berkeley Fast File System on the specified device to the specified mount point.
mount_umap:
Mounts a subtree of a file system with a different set of UIDs and GIDs than the local system.
mount_union:
Mounts a directory above uniondir and makes the contents of both directories visible.
mount_xfs:
Mounts one of the xfs character devices.
mouseconfig:
Manages mouse configuration.
mpage:
Prints several pages on one sheet of paper. The input files can be either plain text or PostScript.
mpartition:
Partitions an MS-DOS hard disk, to create an MS-DOS file system.
mpcfg:
"Controls the remote maintenance service information
mpg123:
Reads files or URLs and plays them on the audio device or outputs them to STDOUT.
mpstat:
Shows statistics for each processor in tabular form. Each row is for one processor activity only.
mrd:
Deletes an MS-DOS directory.
mren:
Renames or moves MS-DOS files.
mrinfo:
Shows the configuration information from a multicast router. Must be run as root.
mrouted:
Handles IP multicast routing among subnets.
mrouted:
Handles IP multicast routing among subnets.
mset:
Retrieves mapping information for the ASCII keyboard to an IBM 3270 terminal.
msgchk:
Checks for mail for current or a specified user, and reports if the messages have been read or not.
msgchk:
Checks maildrops for new incoming mail messages.
msgfmt:
Creates message object files from portable object files. It doesn't change the portable object files.
msgfmt:
Creates message object files from portable object files. It doesn't change the portable object files.
msgid:
Creates a unique message identifier.
msgs:
Read or saves system messages sent by mail.
msgs:
Is used to read or save system messages sent by mail.
msh:
Creates the Message Handler Shell (MH) and executes MH mail commands within its shell.
msh:
Reads a usual mail message file or a message file compressed with packf.
mshowfat:
Shows file allocation table entries for an MS-DOS file.
mt:
Sends commands to a tape device.
mtools:
Shows all the programs in the mtools package which are used for accessing DOS FAT volumes.
mtrace:
Shows trace information about IP multicast traffic.
mtree:
Shows the difference between a rooted directory and a specification on STDIN.
mtype:
Shows the content of an MS-DOS file.
mutt:
Manages mail boxes. Sends and reads e-mails.
mv:
Moves or renames files and directories.
mvdir:
Moves a directory within a file system.
mvdir:
Moves a directory within a file system.
mvfilt:
Alters the position of a filter rule.
mvt:
Typesets view graphs and slides in the English language.
mwm:
Is the AIX Window Manager.
mzip:
Sends commands to an Iomega ZIP drive.
named, in.named:
Is the domain name server that answers DNS request and resolves host names and finds their assigned IP address.
named-bootconf:
Converts named.boot configuration files used by BIND 4.9 or older to newer versions used by BIND 8.1.1 or later.
named-xfer:
Handles inbound zone transfer. Is used by named and should not be used directly.
named-xfer:
Is a program that is used to run inbound zone transfers.
named-xfer:
Runs inbound zone transfers. It is used by in.named but can be used directly for debugging purposes.
named.reload:
Initiates the name server to synchronize its database. It sends a SIGHUP to the running name server.
named.restart:
Stops the running name server by sending a SIGKILL signal and starts a new name server.
named4:
Manages the DNS daemon. Is a lighter version of named8.
named8:
Is a daemon that manages DNS services.
namei:
Shows which kind of file each part of a pathname is. Follows symbolic links until they stop in a proper file.
namerslv:
Changes the domain name server (DNS) routines in the system configuration database.
native2ascii:
Converts files into Latin-1 and Unicode-encoded characters if they contain other character encoding.
navigator:
Shows the AnswerBook on-line documentation.
nawk:
Is a newer version of awk. Iit is usually used to search for patterns specified by ' scriptstr '.
nawk, awk:
Scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns specified as a string.
nc:
Is used for TCP and UDP connections and listens.
ncab2clf:
Converts the binary log files from the Solaris Network Cache and Accelerator to Common Log File format.
ncftp:
Is a browser program for the Internet FTP service.
ncftpbatch:
Processes FTP requests added by the ncftp program.
ncftpget:
Transfers files from the command line or shell scripts instead of using interactive FTP programs.
ncftpls:
Creates remote directories listings without using interactive FTP programs.
ncftpput:
Transfers files from the command line or shell scripts instead of using interactive FTP programs.
ncheck:
Shows a list with paths and i-node numbers for all files on a specified device.
ncheck:
Shows a list with paths and inode numbers for all files on a specified device.
ncheck_ffs, ncheck:
Creates a list of file names and inode numbers for the given file system.
ncopy:
Copies files over the NetWare network.
ncpmount:
Mounts volumes on a NetWare file server.
ncpumount:
Unmounts a NetWare file system that was previously mounted with the ncpmount.
ndc:
Administers and manages the operations of a name server.
ndc:
Allows the administrator of the name server to send commands to the name server.
ndd:
Modifies configuration parameters, but currently only for the TCP/IP protocol family.
ndp:
Manages the IPv6-to-Ethernet or token-ring address translation tables used by IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol.
ndpd-host:
Manages the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for non-kernel activities: Router Discovery, Prefix Discovery, Parameter Discovery, and Redirects.
ndpd-router:
Manages the NDP protocol for non-kernel activities. Provides router advertisement.
ndx:
Creates a subject-page index for a document.
neqn:
"Is a preprocessor for the command nroff
neqn:
Is a preprocessor for the command nroff and is used to help out in equations.
neqn:
Is a preprocessor for the command nroff. It helps when writing equations and is primarily used with terminals.
netconf:
Is an interactive user interface that allows configuration of a TCP/IP network.
netconfig:
Configures the network on the command line or in interactive mode.
netgroup_mkdb:
Creates netgroup databases (/etc/netgroup.db) from the /etc/netgroup file and saves it in /etc/netgroup.db.
netpmon:
Shows activity and reporst network I/O statistics and network-related CPU usage.
netreport:
Requests network management scripts send a SIGIO signal when network interface changes occur.
netscape:
Is a graphic based web browser.
netstat:
Shows statistics and other network information, based on options selected.
newalias:
Installs new elm aliases for system and/or user.
newaliases:
Rebuilds the mail aliases file.
newer:
Compares modification times of two files and exits successfully if file1 is at least as old as file2.
newfile:
Converts a text file into an INed structured file.
newform:
Changes the format of a text file line by line.
newform:
Changes format of a text file line by line.
newfs:
Creates a new file system using defaults based on the disk label created by disklabel.
newfs:
Creates a new file system with the FSType UFS.
newfs_msdos:
Creates a new MS-DOS file system on the device.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective groupID to the specified group.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective group ID to the specified group.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective groupID to group.
newkey:
Creates new Diffie-Hellman public keys needed for secure RPC or NFS services.
newkey:
Creates new Diffie-Hellman public keys that are needed for secure RPC or NFS services.
news:
Shows information about current events described in the directory /var/news.
news:
Informs about current events described in directory /var/news.
newsyslog:
Archives system log files at intervals or when log file exceeds a specified size.
newsyslog:
Saves the old log file messages and starts with a new, empty log file.
newusers:
Updates and creates new users in batch. User information is taken from the specified file.
nfsd, rpc.nfsd:
Manages NFS file system requests for clients.
nfsiod:
Improves performance for NFS asynchronous I/O requests for its server.
nfslogd:
Creates the activity log with information from the RPC operations that were processed by the NFS server.
nfso:
Manages the configuration of NFS network variables.
nfsstat:
Shows NFS and RPC statistics.
nhfsstone:
Benchmarks Network File System (NFS).
nice:
Starts commands to be run in a different priority.
nim:
Manages configuration of NIM objects.
nimclient:
Runs NIM operations from a NIM client.
nimconfig:
Manages the configuration of a NIM master package.
nimdef:
Manages NIM client definitions.
niminit:
Manages the configuration of a NIM client package.
nisaddcred:
Manages NIS+ credentials that are used for authentication.
nisaddcred:
Manages NIS+ credentials that are used for authentication.
nisaddent:
Creates NIS+ table entries using files from the /etc directory and from NIS maps.
nisaddent:
Creates NIS+ table entries by using files from the /etc directory and from NIS maps.
nisauthconf:
Manages security authentication in NIS+.
nisbackup:
Manages backups of NIS+ directory objects on a NIS+ master server.
niscat:
Shows NIS+ tables or objects.
niscat:
Shows NIS+ tables or objects.
nischgrp:
Manages group ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischgrp:
Manages group ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischmod:
Manage permission for a NIS+ object.
nischmod:
Manages permission for a NIS+ object.
nischown:
Manages the ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischown:
Manages the ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischttl:
Manages the time-to-live for NIS+ objects.
nischttl:
Manages the time-to-live for NIS+ objects.
nisclient:
Is a script for managing NIS+ environment for clients and users.
nisclient:
Initializes NIS+ environment for clients and users.
nisctl:
Shows NIS statistics and flushes NIS cache information from the NIS database.
nisctl:
Shows NIS statistics and flushes NIS cache information from the NIS database.
nisdefaults:
Shows default values returned by NIS+ local name functions.
nisdefaults:
Is a utility that shows default values returned by NIS+ local name functions.
nisdomainname:
Shows or sets system's NIS domain name.
niserror:
Shows NIS+ error messages.
niserror:
Shows NIS+ error messages from error codes.
nisgrep:
Searches for entries in a NIS+ table by using regular expression patterns.
nisgrep:
Searches for entries in a NIS+ table by using regular expression patterns.
nisgrpadm:
Manages NIS+ groups. It can create, delete, or show groups and memberships.
nisgrpadm:
Manages NIS+ groups. It can create, delete or show groups and memberships.
nisinit:
Sets up NIS+ servers or clients.
nisinit:
Sets up NIS+ servers or clients.
nisln:
Creates links between NIS+ objects and NIS+ names.
nisln:
Creates links between NIS+ objects and NIS+ names.
nislog:
Shows the contents of the NIS+ transaction log.
nislog:
Shows the contents of the NIS+ transaction log.
nisls:
Shows the content of a NIS+ directory.
nisls:
Show a NIS+ directory content.
nismatch:
Searches for NIS+ tables.
nismatch:
Searches for NIS+ tables.
nismkdir:
Creates subdirectories in a NIS+ domain.
nismkdir:
Creates a new NIS+ directory within an existing domain. Creates replicated directories and also subdirectories that have the same master.
nismkuser:
Creates a new user account in the NIS+ account database.
nisopaccess:
Administration tool to configure the access for NIS+ operations.
nispasswd:
Manages NIS+ passwords.
nisping:
Manages updates between NIS+ servers.
nisping:
Manages updates between NIS+ servers.
nispopulate:
Populates NIS+ tables using files or maps.
nispopulate:
Populates NIS+ tables by using files or maps.
nisprefadm:
Manages NIS+ server preferences for NIS+ clients.
nisrestore:
Restores a NIS+ directory from an existing backup.
nisrm:
Deletes NIS+ objects.
nisrm:
Deletes NIS+ objects.
nisrmdir:
Deletes NIS+ directories.
nisrmdir:
Deletes NIS+ directories.
nisrmuser:
Removes a user from the NIS+ user account database.
nisserver:
Manages the setup of a NIS+ server.
nisserver:
Manages the setup of a NIS+ server.
nissetup:
Creates a NIS+ domain.
nissetup:
Creates a NIS+ domain.
nisshowcache:
Shows the content of the NIS+ shared cache file.
nisshowcache:
Shows the content of the NIS+ shared cache file.
nisstat:
Queries a NIS+ server for statistics.
nisstat:
Queries a NIS+ server for statistics.
nistbladm:
Is used to create, delete, add, modify and remove entries from NIS+ tables.
nistbladm:
NIS+ table administration command. The five primary operations are to: create, delete, add, modify, and remove entries from tables.
nistest:
Allows shell scripts and other programs to test for NIS objects and access rights in an NIS+ database.
nistest:
Tests NIS+ permissions, entries, types, and the like.
nisupdkeys:
Manages public keys in a NIS+ object directory.
nisupdkeys:
Manages public keys in a NIS+ object directory.
nis_cachemgr:
Is a daemon that manages cache information about NIS+ server locations and directories.
nis_cachemgr:
Is a daemon that manages cache information about NIS+ server locations and directories.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result on STDOUT.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result to STDOUT.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result to STDOUT.
nlsadmin:
Manages the network listener processes which are configured individually. Every network relates to at least one listener.
nm:
Shows a table of the symbol names used for the specified ELF object file.
nmbd:
Is a server that replies to NetBIOS over IP name service requests from a Windows client.
nmblookup:
Requests NetBIOS names and maps them to IP addresses.
no:
Manages configuration of network attributes.
noglob:
Turns of file globing for the command. No file name will be expanded.
nohup:
Is a way to run a command which will be immune to any hang up signals.
nologin:
Is a shell used only to deny a user to login. Shows the user the contents of /etc/nologin.txt.
notify:
Will notify a user asynchronous when the status of a job is changed. If job is not given, the current job is used.
nprint:
Prints files to print queues located on a NetWare file server.
nrglbd:
Controls the global location broker database.
nroff:
Processes a text file and formats the output for use with a letter quality printer or line printer.
nscd:
Provides cache for name services. It is a daemon process that caches passwd, hosts, and groups databases.
nsend:
Sends messages to NetWare users or user groups.
nslookup:
Contacts and sends queries to DNS servers interactively or non-interactively.
nstest:
Tests DNS queries interactively in a shell environment. The result is shown to STDOUT.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate8:
Creates a DNS update packet readable by a BIND 8 nameserver.
ntpdate:
Sets the local date and time via the NTP. Gets time from any specified NTP servers.
ntpdate:
Sets the local date and time via the NTP. Gets time from any specified NTP servers.
ntpq:
Sends queries to a NTP server that supports the NTP mode 6 control message format.
ntpq:
Queries a NTP server that supports the NTP mode 6 control message format by the command line or interactively.
ntptrace:
Traces the master time source. Shows where the specified server received its time.
ntptrace:
Traces the master time source. Shows where the specified server received its time.
ntsysv:
Configures run levels to set what services that should be started or stopped.
nulladm:
Creates a file with the mode 644, using the owner and group adm.
nulladm:
Creates a file with the mode 644, by using the owner and group adm.
number:
Shows the written form of a number.
nwauth:
Logs into a NetWare server. If no arguments are given, the user's .nvclient file is used.
nwbocreate:
Creates a NetWare bindery object.
nwbols:
Shows specified NetWare bindery objects that are visible for the user.
nwboprops:
Shows all the properties of the specified NetWare bindery objects.
nwborm:
Removes a NetWare bindery object.
nwbpadd:
Specifies the value of a NetWare bindery property.
nwbpcreate:
Creates the specified NetWare property.
nwbprm:
Removes the specified NetWare bindery property.
nwbpset:
Creates a Bindery property or configures the values.
nwbpvalues:
Shows NetWare bindery property's contents.
nwdir:
Shows files, directories, and their attributes from a NetWare directory.
nwfsctrl:
Performs commands remotely on a NetWare server.
nwfsinfo:
Shows some information about a NetWare server without logging in.
nwfstime:
Shows or sets a NetWare server's date and time.
nwgrant:
Adds a bindery object with the matching trustee rights to a directory.
nwmsg:
Is called using kerneld when a NetWare server sends a broadcast message.
nwpasswd:
Changes a user's password.
nwpurge:
Permanently erases previously erased files.
nwrevoke:
Revokes the specified NetWare bindery object with corresponding trustee rights from the directory.
nwrights:
Asks a NetWare server for the effective rights in a file or directory for the user.
nwsfind:
Searches for a NetWare server and locates a route to the server.
nwtrustee:
Shows the trustee directories' assignments that a user has on a volume.
nwuserlist:
Shows information about the users logged in to a NetWare server.
nwvolinfo:
Shows information on a NetWare server volume.
objcopy:
Copies object files using the GNU BFD Library.
objdump:
Shows information about object files.
objdump:
Shows information about object files. Information shown is controlled by given options.
ocfserv:
Is a central communication point for smartcards that are connected to the host.
od:
Reads a file from STDIN or from a specified file and exports the content to STDOUT in octal format.
odmadd:
Adds objects to object classes in the ODM.
odmchange:
Manages modification of a specified object class in the ODM.
odmcreate:
Creates ODM object classes.
odmdelete:
Erases objects from object classes in the ODM.
odmdrop:
Erases an object class from the ODM.
odmget:
Creates an input file for odmadd by retreiveing data from classes inside the ODM.
odmshow:
Shows an ODM object class.
odvitype:
Checks and translate DVI files to human-readable form.
oldps:
Shows process status information.
oldrdist:
Is a file distribution program that remotely maintains copies of files over multiple hosts.
olf2elf:
Converts from OLF to ELF object module format.
omega, iniomega, viromega:
Converts extended Unicode TeX.
on:
Runs commands on other systems using the local environment.
on:
Runs commands on other systems by using the local environment.
onintr:
Specifies the shell will do with an interrupt. If option isn't given normal interrupt handle are restored.
openssl:
Performs various cryptographic functions from the shell and can creates certificates.
openssl:
Performs various cryptographic functions from the shell and can creates certificates.
openvt:
Opens a new virtual terminal and runs the specified command with the arguments specified.
openwin:
Is a script that helps you start OpenWindow the correct way.
optisa:
Asks isalist for the best instruction set to use.
oslevel:
Shows the maintenance level of the system.
ospf_monitor:
Shows statistics about OSPF routers.
otp-md4:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the MD4 hash algorithm.
otp-md5:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the MD5 hash algorithm.
otp-rmd160:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the rmd160 hash algorithm.
otp-sha1:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the sha1 hash algorithm.
owplaces:
Shows on a specified screen what applications clients are running.
pac:
Prepares printer/plotter accounting records for each user of the selected printer or for the specified users.
pac:
Shows you general statistics about a printer or a plotter.
pack:
Compresses files into .z format. Each file is compressed and replaced and retains access rights and dates.
pack:
Is a packing tool used for maintaining a packing list.
pack:
Compresses files into .z format. Each file is compressed and replaced. The compressed file will has the same access rights and dates.
packf:
Copies and formats messages from a folder into a file.
packf:
Copies and formats messages from a folder into a file.
page:
Shows a text file one page at a time, press Space to view the next page of the file.
page:
Shows a textfile one page at a time.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of one page of the memory in bytes.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of memory.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of memory.
panel20:
Monitors activity between an HIA and the 5080 control unit.
passmass:
Lets you change passwords on many computers.
passmgmt:
Adds, deletes or modifies data in the password files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.
passwd:
Changes login password and password attributes for the current or the specified user.
paste:
Creates vertical columns of the content in the specified input files.
patch:
Makes changes to files with patch files.
patch-metamail:
Attempts to retrieve a patch from a server via FTP and install in the local metamail installation directory.
patchadd:
Installs patches and updates system files. Patches can be installed from a directory or one by one.
patchrm:
Restores saved original files that existed before a patch was installed.
pathchk:
Is used to check if the specified path or paths are valid.
pathchk:
Checks whether the file or files specified are valid or portable.
pathchk:
Checks whether the path or paths specified are valid.
pax:
Manages archives. It can also copy directory structures from one location to another.
pax:
Administer archives. Lists members, extracts archives and archive files.
pax:
Administers archives. Lists archive members, extracts archives and archive files, and copies directory structures from one location to another.
pbind:
Manages the bindings between processes and processors.
pcat:
Shows the content of compressed files. pcat unpacks the file to a temporary place before showing it.
pcat:
Shows content of files that are compressed. Will unpack file to a temporary place before showing it.
pcinitrd:
Creates an initrd RAM disk image, which can be useful to boot the system from a PCMCIA device.
pclbanner:
Prints a PCL banner on a fixed-size font printer.
pclient:
Opens an Xstation connection for a limited time.
pcmciastat:
Shows socket status for PCMCIA devices.
pctr:
Shows the current values of TSC and can access the pctr pseudo device on i386-compatible computers.
pdelay:
Manages the availability of delayed login ports.
pdisable:
Disables a login port.
penable:
Shows or enables a login port.
perfmeter:
Monitors performance statistics in either strip charts or meter dials.
perl:
Is a programming language. Perl stands for Practical Extraction Report Language.
perlbug:
Creates bug reports for perl.
perlbug:
Is used to create bug reports for perl.
perlbug:
Creates bug reports for perl.
perldoc:
Finds and shows perl documentation from inside installations trees or scripts.
perldoc:
Is used to find and show Perl documentation from inside installation's trees or scripts.
perldoc:
Finds and shows perl documentation from inside installations trees or scripts.
pfbtops:
Converts a PostScript font in .pfb format into ASCII format.
pfbtops:
Converts a PostScript font in .pfb format into ASCII format.
pfexec, pfsh, pfcsh, pfksh:
Runs a command with a specific profile like user ID, group ID, and so forth.
pfinstall:
Tests an installation profile to check the action before using it to install or upgrade.
pg:
Shows a file's content on the screen one page at a time, and prompts for the next page.
pg:
Shows a files content on the screen one page at a time and prompts for the next page.
pgrep:
Searches for specific processes by using different criteria.
pgrep:
Searches for specific processes by using different criteria.
pg_ctl:
Starst, stops, or restarts the postmaster.
pg_dump:
Extracts a Postgres database into a script file.
pg_dumpall:
Extracts all Postgres databases into a script file.
pg_passwd:
Manipulates the flat password file for Postgres.
pg_upgrade:
Allows upgrade from a previous release without reloading data.
phold:
Holds a set of login ports so users cannot log in on that port.
photurisd:
It is a daemon used for IPSec key management.
pick:
Filters messages through specified expressions.
pick:
Filters messages through specified expressions.
ping:
Sends ICMP echo requests to specified hosts. The remote host will, if it can, respond with a ICMP echo reply.
pinky:
Shows information about users. Similar to finger.
pioattred:
Manages attributes for a virtual printer.
piobe:
Is the print job manager, a spooler backend program called by the qdaemon to process a print job.
pioburst:
Creates a burst text from the specified file, and shows it on STDOUT.
piocnvt:
Expands or compresses a virtual printer definition file.
piodigest:
Converts a colon file to a memory image file to use with the piobe command.
piodmgr:
Compacts the Object Data Manager database.
piofontin:
Copies fonts from a diskette to the system.
pioformat:
Initiates the printer formatter driver.
piofquote:
Reads data from STDIN, modifies control characters destined for PostScript printers, and writes the data to STDOUT.
piolpx:
Adds backend printer support for printers attached to an Xstation.
piolsvp:
Shows all virtual printers and attachment types on the system.
piomgpdev:
Is used to manage pseudo-devices for printer attachments.
piomkapqd:
Builds a SMIT dialog for a new printer and a new print queue.
piomkpq:
Creates new printer devices and print queues and virtual printers.
piomsg:
"Recovers and sends a backend message to one or several users
pioout:
Reads data from STDIN and writes it to the printer. This is the end command of a pipeline started piobe.
piopredef:
Creates a predefined printer definition using a virtual printer definition as a template.
pkgadd:
Installs or spools software packages into the system.
pkgask:
Creates an answer file, which can then be used as input to questions at installation time. Can be used to prevent any interactions during installation.
pkgchk:
Checks the accuracy of installed files and shows package files information.
pkginfo:
Shows one line of information about each package that is installed on the system.
pkgmk:
Creates an installable package to use as the input into the command pkgadd.
pkgparam:
Shows the value of the package parameters; values are stored in the pkginfo-file for pkginst.
pkgproto:
Creates prototype file entries to be used as input to the pkgmk command.
pkgrm:
Erases a package from the system or from a spooling area.
pkgtrans:
Converts installable packages from file system format to datastream and reverse, or from one file system to another.
pkg_add:
Installs software package distributions.
pkg_create:
Utility for creating software package distributions.
pkg_delete:
It used to remove a previously installed software packages from the system.
pkg_info:
Is used to show information about software packages, both installed and not installed.
pkill:
Finds and kilsl processes by signaling it with the kill command.
pkill:
Finds and kills processes by signaling it with the kill command.
pl2pm:
Converts perl4 files to perl5 modules.
pl2pm:
Is used to convert perl4 .pl files to perl5 .pm modules.
pl2pm:
Converts perl4 files to perl5 modules.
plimit:
Sets or gets the resource limits of a running process identified by process ID list. Only the owner of a process or a superuser is permitted to modify the limits.
plotgbe:
Prints HP-GL files on a plotter.
plotlbe:
Prints HP-GL files on a plotter.
pmadm:
Manages port monitor services on the system.
pmake:
Compiles files depending on other files based on a makefile, and it does this in parallel mode.
pmap_set:
Restarts a running portmapper or sets the list of registrated RPC programs on the local host. For restarting the portmapper you must redirect the output of pmap_dump to a file.
pmconfig:
Activates the power management system by reading a configuration file called power.conf.
pmctrl:
Manages power management on the system.
pnpdump:
Dumps ISA Plug-and-Play device resource information to a specified file or STDOUT.
pnpprobe:
Searches the ISA bus for Plug and Play sound cards.
pntadm:
Manages the DHCP network table by, for example, adding, removing, or commenting hostnames or IP addresses.
pod2html:
Converts pod to HTML files.
pod2latex:
Converts Perl pod document files into LaTeX document files.
pod2man:
Generates *roff input from a POD source which can then be shown on STDOUT using nroff or to a printer using troff.
pod2text:
Converts POD files into formatted ASCII text files.
pom:
Shows the current moon phase.
pop3d:
Is the daemon for the post office protocol version 3.
popd:
Pops a directory from the directory stack and changes to it.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers. Must be running to enable RPC calls.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers.
portmir:
Attaches one tty stream to another and monitor the user session on that stream.
ports:
Creates symbolic links in /dev/term, /dev/cua0 and inittab for serial ports.
post:
Delivers messages to local and remote users. Must be started from another program.
post:
Delivers messages to local and remote users. Is the default program for send to use.
postgres:
Runs a Postgres single-user backend.
postgresql-dump:
Administers PostgreSQL when the database format is incompatible with an old version.
postio:
Sends files via the serial interface to a PostScript printer.
postmaster:
Runs the Postgres multiuser backend.
postprint:
Translates text files into PostScript and writes to STDOUT.
postreverse:
Reverses the page order in a PostScript file of Adobe's Version 1.0 or 2.0 format.
powerd:
A power daemon that manages two types of system shutdown: automatic or low power.
poweroff:
Writes pending information to disk, stops the processing and powers off the computer.
poweroff:
Writes pending information to disk, stops the processing, and powers off the computer.
ppp:
Creates user PPP links over the tunnel device.
ppp-watch:
Runs from within a ifup-ppp script that allows PPP interfaces to act like other interfaces.
pppattachd:
Attaches an asynchronous device stream to the PPP subsystem.
pppcontrold:
Is the daemon that controls the PPP protocol.
pppctl:
Is used to control the PPP daemon.
pppd:
Starts the Point to Point Protocol daemon.
pppd:
Starts the Point-to-Point Protocol daemon.
pppdial:
Connects to a remote system using the PPP protocol.
pppdump:
Converts PPP record file to readable format.
pppoe:
Runs the user-space PPPoE client.
pppoe-server:
Starts the user-space server for PPPoE
pppoe-sniff:
Examines network for non-standard PPPoE frames.
pppstat:
Monitors active PPP links.
pppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics for a PPP-interface. The statistics are shown since the last report.
pppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics for a PPP interface. The statistics are shown since the last report.
pprof:
Shows CPU usage of kernel threads.
pqlist:
Shows print queues on a NetWare server.
pqrm:
Removes print requests from a NetWare print queue.
pqstat:
Shows the specified NetWare print queue, showing the jobs being processed.
pr:
Filters printing and pagination, each input file/files are read, formatted and written to STDOUT.
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases. If no key is specified all keys and their values are shown.
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases. If no key is specified, all keys and their values will be shown.
praudit:
Reads files or STDIN and shows the specified data as audit trail records.
prctmp:
Shows the session record file.
prctmp:
Shows the session record file that is created by acctcon1.
prdaily:
Is a shell procedure that formats and reports previous accounting data from /var/adm/acct/sum/rprtmmdd.
prdaily:
Formats and reports the previous day's accounting data from /var/adm/acct/sum/rprt/mmdd.
prex:
Is an interface to control, manipulate, or debug a process or the kernel.
primes:
Shows primes, one per line, in ascending order.
print:
Shows any arguments on the STDOUT.
print:
Is used to show any arguments on the STDOUT.
print:
Shows any arguments on the STDOUT.
printenv:
Shows the variable values in the environment.
printf:
Interprets certain characters in the format string.
printmail:
Shows all mails in your mailbox.
printmgr:
Manages local and remote printer access in a network using X-window.
printtool:
Is an OpenWindow GUI-tool for printing files.
priocntl:
Manages scheduling parameters for processes. There are four main ways to use it; specified by the first option.
privatepw:
Administers WU-FTPD group access file information.
prof:
Shows data from a profile file produced by the monitor function.
prof:
Shows data from a profile file produced by the monitor function.
proff:
Formats text for printers that use personal printer data streams.
profiles:
Shows execution profiles for the user specified with process attributes used when started using a privileged command interpreter such as: pfcsh, pfksh, and pfexec.
proto:
Creates a prototype of a file system.
proxymngr:
Is the proxy manager service that determines client requests, keeping track of available and starting new proxies.
prs:
Shows selected portions, all, or parts of an SCCS delta table history.
prs, sccs-prs:
Shows selected portions, all, or parts of an SCCS delta table history.
prstat:
Shows statistics about active processes according to selected sort order and output mode.
prt:
Shows selected delta table information of an SCCS file.
prtacct:
Is a shell procedure used to format and print TACCT (total accounting) files.
prtacct:
A shell procedure used to format and print TACCT (total accounting) files.
prtconf:
Shows system configuration information.
prtdiag:
Shows information about the system and diagnostic information.
prtty:
Prints directly to a terminal's printer port.
prtvtoc:
Reads the VTOC in order to show disk geometry and partitioning.
ps:
Shows process ID, execution time, command name, terminal and other information about the active processes.
ps2ascii:
Is a Ghostscript converter from PostScript or PDF to ASCII format.
ps2epsi:
Converts a PostScript file and creates a new file in Adobe's Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format.
ps2pdf:
Converts a PostScript file into a file in Adobe Portable Document Format.
psbanner:
Prints a PostScript banner on a fixed-size font printer.
psbb:
Shows the bounding box information from PostScript documents.
pserver:
Connects to a NetWare server's print queues and sends the incoming print jobs to the Linux printing system.
pshare:
Shows or enables shared login ports.
psql:
Starts Postgres interactive terminal.
psradm:
Changes the operational status of one or more processors.
psrinfo:
Shows processor information. Shows online/off-line status, powered on/off status and when the status was last modified.
pstart:
Enables login ports listed in the /etc/inittab file.
pstat:
Shows system tables on STDOUT.
pstat:
Shows open file entries, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structure information.
pstree:
Shows the current processes in a tree format.
pstruct, c2ph:
Translates C to perl code (union and structure declarations).
pstruct, c2ph:
Translates C to Perl code (union and structure declarations). It takes .c, .h, or .s files and shows the C program structure.
pswrap:
Creates wraps that send PostScript language code to the PostScript Interpreter.
pswrap:
Creates wraps by sending segments of PostScript language code from the specified file to the PostScript Interpreter.
pts:
Administers AFS users and groups.
ptx:
Reads the specified text file or STDIN, shuffles the words and phrases within it, and writes it to outputfile.
ptx:
Makes a permuted index of the specified file's contents.
pump:
Is a network interface manager daemon working with the DHCP or BOOTP protocol.
pushd:
Changes to a new working directory and places the current working directory into a direcory stack.
pushln:
Pushes a string to the editor buffer stack.
putdev:
Adds, removes, or modifies a device in the device table.
putdgrp:
Manages the device group table.
pvs:
Shows internal version information contained within an executable file.
pwck:
Verifies the integrity of password files.
pwck:
Searches the password file for field number validation, user and group IDs, login names, and the like.
pwconv:
Modifies or creates the shadow password file /etc/shadow from the passwd password file.
pwconv:
Modifies or creates the file /etc/shadow from the standard /etc/passwd file.
pwd:
Shows the absolute path to the current working directory.
pwdadm:
Manages user passwords.
pwdck:
Verifies password information.
pwd_mkdb:
Creates a secured or unsecured database for the specified file and installs it into /etc/master.passwd.
pwunconv:
Converts from shadow password file to standard passwd file.
qadm:
Manages printers, spoolers, queues, and print jobs.
qcan:
Cancels print jobs.
qchk:
Shows information about a print queue.
qdaemon:
Is a daemon that controls the scheduling of queued print jobs.
qhld:
Manages hold and release for spooled print jobs.
qmov:
Moves spooled print jobs between queues.
qosstat:
Shows the status of the Quality of Service.
qpri:
Gives priority to a job in a print queue.
qprt:
Prints a specific print job.
qstatus:
Shows spooling system status.
quiz:
Runs a quiz that tests knowledge in the specified subject. Shows a list of subjects if run without arguments.
quiz:
Runs a quiz that tests knowledge in the specified subject. Shows a list of subjects if run without arguments.
quot:
Shows the amount of 1024-blocks in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quot:
Shows the number of blocks in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quot:
Shows the amount of blocks (1024 bytes) in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quota:
Shows the disk usage and limits for a user on mounted file systems.
quotacheck:
Will check and update the quota for mounted file system.
quotaoff:
Turns off disk quotas for file systems.
quotaon:
Enables disk quotas for file systems.
r:
Reruns the last command.
raid0run:
Starts up old RAID0 or LINEAR arrays.
raidctl:
Configures RAID frame disk drivers
raidstart:
Starts existing RAID devices.
raidstop:
Stops an existing RAID device.
ramsize:
Sets the RAM disk size for the system, and is equivalent to rdev -r.
random:
Snapshots a random state, then reloads that state at boot time a random number generator.
random:
Copies lines it reads from the STDINt to the STDOUT with a probability of 1/value.
ranlib:
Appends a table of contents to archive libraries so that they are linked faster.
rarp:
Alters the information in the kernels RARP table.
rarpd:
Provides MAC-address-to-IP-address resolution to workstations at startup.
raw:
Binds a Linux raw character device.
rb:
Will receive files using YMODEM, XMODEM, and ZMODEM protocols.
rbootd:
Is a server for Hewlett-Packard workstations on a local network.
rc:
Manages startup initialization of the system based upon the contents of the entries in the /etc/inittab file.
rc:
Starts and stops services when the system runlevel changes.
rc:
Runs system housekeeping and starts up system daemons.
rc.powerfail:
Manages system shutdown if a power failure occurs.
rcp:
Copies files between two computers. The computer can be local or remote.
rcs:
Creates and or changes the attributes of RCS files.
rcs:
Creates and/or changes the attributes of RCS files.
rcsclean:
Removes files based upon revision differences. If there is no difference, it removes the working file.
rcsclean:
Erases files based upon revision differences.
rcsdiff:
Compares different versions of RCS files using the diff command.
rcsdiff:
Compares different versions of RCS files using the diff command.
rcsfreeze:
Assigns a unique revision number (freeze) to all RCS files that are checked in.
rcsmerge:
Merges two RCS files by finding the differences between them, then creating a new file.
rcsmerge:
Merges two RCS files by first comparing the differences between them, and then creates a new file.
rcvdist:
Reads mail from STDIN and forwards it to other addresses.
rcvdist:
Forwards mail to other addresses. It reads mail from STDIN.
rcvpack:
Packs incoming messages using the packf command.
rcvpack:
Creates a copy of the message and saves it in the specified file.
rcvstore:
Adds messages from STDIN into a mailbox folder.
rcvstore:
Adds messages from STDIN into a mailbox folder.
rcvtty:
Is used to report if new mail arrives.
rcvtty:
Reports a new mail. Runs a command with the message as its STDIN, and shows the results on the screen.
rdate:
Gets the time from a specified remote system and sets or shows it on the local system.
rdate:
Gets the time from a specified remote system and sets or shows it on the local system.
rdate:
Sets system date and time from a remote host.
rdconfig:
Configures RAM disk devices.
rdev:
Shows or sets the root device for bootable Linux kernel images.
rdist:
Distributes files from one computer to others. Will keep the owner, group, mode and modification times.
rdistd:
Is used by the rdist command as a remote file distribution server program.
rdistd:
Is used by the rdist command as a remote file distribution server program.
rdjpgcom:
Shows the embedded comments in JPEG files.
rdump:
Copies files for backup from your computer to a remote computer.
read:
Reads a line from STDIN.
readfile:
Shows INed structure files.
readlink:
Shows the destination name of a symbolic link.
readlink:
Shows the destination name of a symbolic link.
readlvcopy:
Reads a mirrored copy of a logical volume.
readonly:
Sets a variable read-only. If no name is given show all read-only variables.
readprofile:
Shows kernel profile information to STDOUT in a three-column table if the profile buffer exists.
reboot:
Restarts the operating system.
rec:
Records audio.
reconfig:
Converts the older Xconfig file format to the XF86config file format.
red:
Is a restricted version of the ed editor.
red:
Is a restricted version of ed and is often used to edit files automatically in a script.
red:
Is a text editor similar to the ed utility but is a restricted version. Only allows editing of files in current directory and does not allow the use of shell commands by using the !.
redefinevg:
Is used to redefine a volume group definition in the ODM.
reducevg:
Removes hard drives from a volume group.
refer, grefer:
Finds and formats references as a preprocessor for nroff or troff.
refresh:
Refreshes daemons.
regcmp:
Compiles regular expressions in a file and places the output in file.i.
regcmp:
Compiles the regular expressions in a file and place the output in file.i.
rehash:
Recalculates the internal hash table.
reject:
Rejects print queue requests to the specified destination.
rembak:
Sends print jobs to a queue on a remote host.
remove:
Removes files from the directories var/adm/acct/sum and var/adm/acct/nite.
removef:
Removes a file from the software database. The output is a list of erasable pathnames that may be safely erased.
rem_drv:
Reports to the system that the device driver is invalid. It will unload the device driver from memory if possible, and it will also update the system driver configuration files.
rename:
Renames multiple files by replacing strings.
renice:
Alters the priority of currently running processes.
reorgvg:
Reorganizes allocations for physical partitions in a volume group.
repeat:
Executes a command a specified number of times.
replacepv:
Replaces a disk in a volume group.
repquota:
Shows the quota limit and the usage of the file systems.
reset:
Is a link to tset. Resets some default settings before it runs.
reset:
Restores a session's run-time parameters to default values.
reset:
Links to the tset command that determines and configures terminals.
reset:
Resets the terminal to default values.
resize:
Shows current size of the xterm window and will set the TERMCAP settings to active window.
resize2fs:
Resizes an ext2 file system on specified device altering the amount of blocks to size.
resolve_links:
Manages cross-book links to HTML books that are not installed in the system.
restbase:
Restores base-customized information from the boot image into the device configuration database during startup.
restore:
Restores files from archives created with the backup command.
restore, rrestore:
Restores files or file systems from a dump backup.
restore, rrestore:
Restores files or file systems from backups made with dump.
restvg:
Restores a user-defined volume group.
return:
Reports from a shell function. If used outside a function it will function as exit.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file, or STDIN, if no file name is given.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file or STDIN.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file or STDIN if no file name is given.
revnetgroup:
Reverses the order of host and user listings in the network group /etc/netgroup file in NIS maps.
revpath:
Generates a relative path.
rexec:
Runs commands on a remote host.
rexec:
Runs commands on a remote host.
rgb:
Creates a database containing color names. Reads from STDIN and looks for the colors red, green and blue.
rgb:
Creates a database containing color names. Finds decimals for the colors followed by the color name in STDIN.
ripquery:
Queries all routes known by a RIP gateway.
rlog:
Shows information about RCS files and log messages.
rlog:
Shows information about RCS files and log messages.
rlogin:
Runs a remote login to a remote computer.
rm:
Removes files and directories from the file system.
rmail:
Administers received mail from remote hosts through Basic Networking Utilities (BNU).
rmail:
Administer received mail from remote hosts through basic networking utilities.
rmail:
Administer received mail from remote hosts through basic networking utilities (BNU).
rmail:
Sends messages in text format as mail to users, reads from STDIN or a terminal. Recipient must be a user.
rmclass:
Removes a workload management class from the system.
rmd160:
Shows a calculated checksum of the specified files.
rmdel:
Removes a delta from one or more SCCS files.
rmdel, sccs-rmdel:
Removes a delta from one ore more SCCS files.
rmdev:
Removes a device from the system.
rmdir:
Removes empty directories from the file system.
rmfilt:
Removes a filter rule from a filter table.
rmfs:
Removes a file system.
rmgroup:
Deletes a specified UNIX group from the system.
rmgroup:
Deletes a specified UNIX group from the system.
rmhist:
Removes history information from one or more INed structured files.
rmic:
Is a compiler that creates skeleton and stub class files for use with remote objects from compiled Java classes.
rmiregistry:
Starts and creates a Java remote object registry. It creates no output because it is run in the background.
rmitab:
Removes entries from the inittab file.
rmkeyserv:
Disables the keyserv daemon.
rmlv:
Removes a logical volume from a volume group.
rmlvcopy:
Removes copies from a logical volume.
rmmod:
Unloads specified loadable modules as long as they are not in use and not referred to by other modules.
rmmount:
Mounts removable media. The Volume Manager uses it to mount the device when a new media is inserted.
rmnamsv:
RemovesTCP/IP naming services from the system.
rmnfs:
Stops NFS daemons on the system.
rmnfsexp:
Disables export of a directory to an NFS client.
rmnfsmnt:
Removes an NFS mount from the system.
rmnotify:
Removes a notify method from the notify object class.
rmprtsv:
Removes a print service from a client or a server.
rmps:
Removes a paging space from the system.
rmqos:
Disables the QoS support for the system.
rmque:
Removes a print queue from the system.
rmquedev:
Removes a printer or plotter queue from the system.
rmrole:
Removes a role from the system.
rmserver:
Removes a subserver from the object class.
rmss:
Simulates the memory size in the system.
rmssys:
Removes a subsystem from the object class.
rmt:
Allows remote access to magnetic tape devices, normally started from a rexec or rcmd subroutine.
rmtun:
Erases or disables an IP tunnel.
rmuser:
Erases the specified user from the system.
rmuser:
Is a perl script that will erase the specified user from the system.
rmvfs:
Removes entries from the /etc/vfs file.
rmvirprt:
Removes a virtual printer from the system.
rmyp:
Removes NIS configurations.
rm_niscachemgr:
Disables the nis_cachemgr daemon.
rm_nisd:
Disables the rpc.nisd daemon.
rm_nispasswdd:
Disables the rpc.nispasswdd daemon.
roffbib:
Shows records in a bibliographic database in bibliography format, not as footnotes or endnotes.
roleadd:
Manages new role accounts.
roledel:
Removes a role account and its login from the system.
rolemod:
Modifies the information about a role login on the system.
roles:
Shows the roles that is granted to specified user.
rootflags:
Sets the flags used when mounting the root file system. Is the same as rdev -R.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and saves the old.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and save the old. Only for Apache Web server.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and save the old.
route:
Manages and shows the routing tables on the host.
routed:
Manages routing tables for hosts on the network and updates internetwork router hosts with copies of routing tables.
routed:
Manages and provides network routing tables for hosts on the network.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels that don't do this automatically.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels that don't do this automatically.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels who doesn't do this automatically.
rpc.nisd:
Is the NIS+ service daemon. Used to serve usernames and passwords to systems on the network.
rpc.nisd:
Is the daemon for the NIS+ service.
rpc.nisd_resolv:
Used as a DNS forwarder. Often used from rpc.nisd, can also be used from a console.
rpc.nisd_resolv:
Is used by NIS hosts as a DNS forwarder. It is often used from rpc.nisd, but can also be used from the console.
rpc.nispasswdd:
Updates the NIS+ password table on request from nispasswd or yppasswd.
rpc.nispasswdd:
Updates the NIS+ password table on request from nispasswd or yppasswd.
rpc.pcnfsd:
Is a server for PC clients that run Sun NFS systems. It provides authentication and printing requests for PC's.
rpc.pcnfsd:
Provides authentication and printing requests to and from different PC's.
rpc.rexd:
Executes programs on remote computers.
rpc.rexd:
Is used for program execution on remote computers.
rpc.rquotad:
Manages users of a local file system mounted with NFS by reporting quotas. Started by rc.net.
rpc.rquotad:
Is an RPC server that manages users of a local file system mounted over the NFS by reporting quotas.
rpc.rquotad:
Is an RPC server that manages users of a local file system mounted over the NFS by reporting quotas.
rpc.rstatd:
Returns statistics received from the kernel about performance.
rpc.rusersd:
Is the user name server that lists users on the host.
rpc.rwalld:
Is the rwall server that manages rwall requests. It is applied by using wall on all appropriate hosts.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.statd:
Performs passive monitoring of the server and implements the reboot notification service used by rpc.lockd that performs file lock recovery functions in the event the server is rebooted.
rpc.statd, statd:
Is used to manage crash and recovery for locking NFS services.
rpc.yppasswdd, yppasswdd:
Handles the requests that comes from yppasswd to set new correct passwords.
rpc.ypupdated:
Updates information in the Network Information Service (NIS)
rpc.ypupdated:
Updates information in the Network Information Service (NIS).
rpc.ypxfrd:
Transfers NIS maps from the master server to the slave server.
rpcbind:
Creates universal addresses by converting RPC program numbers.
rpcgen:
Creates C code to make an rpc protocol.
rpcinfo:
Creates an RPC call to an RPC server and shows the information on what it finds.
rpl:
Replaces text strings in a file.
rpld:
Provides network booting support for clients running on the x86 (Intel-compatible) platform.
rpm:
Adds and removes software on a system. It's also used to create software packages.
rpm2cpio:
Converts a Red Hat Package (RPM) file to a cpio archive on STDOUT.
rpm2cpio:
Converts a Red Hat Package (RPM) file to a cpio archive on STDOUT.
rrestore:
Copies i-node backup files from a remote system to the local system.
rs:
Converts lines from STDIN to columns on STDOUT.
Rsh:
Invokes the restricted version of Bourne shell.
rsh, remsh:
Is a remote shell which is used to connect to a host and execute one specified command.
rstart:
Executes programs on a remote computer using the Remote Execution Protocol.
rstart:
Is a simple example of the remote start client. This script relies upon rsh.
rstart:
Is a simple example of the remote start client (Remote Execution Protocol).
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rsync:
Copies files from or to a remote site.
rtl_enable:
Relinks modules so the runtime linker can use them.
rtquery:
Shows information about the routing tables of the daemons routed or gated.
runacct:
Runs daily accounting procedures that are usually started from the cron daemon.
runacct:
Runs daily accounting procedures that are usually started from the cron daemon.
runcat:
Transfers data from the mkcatdefs command to the gencat command.
runlevel:
Shows the previous and current system runlevel.
rup:
Shows the status of machines on the network. Similar to uptime but for remote computers.
ruptime:
Shows the status of machines on the network. Similar to uptime but for remote machines.
rusage:
Shows the resource usage for a command (CPU time, wall clock, System CPU and so on).
ruser:
Manages entries in the remote users database.
rusers:
Lists users logged into the remote server. Similar to who but for remote servers.
rwall:
Broadcasts messages to all users on the network.
rwall:
Send a message to all users on a network.
rwall:
Reads a message from STDIN and sends it as a broadcast message to the users logged on to the specified host server.
rwho:
Shows who is logged in to hosts on the local network.
rwhod, in.rwhod:
Is a system status server for the programs rwho and ruptime.
rx:
Will receive files using XMODEM protocol.
rxtelnet:
Starts a xterm telnet window on a specified host and enables X connections.
rxterm:
Starts an xterm window on a remote system.
rz:
Will receive files using ZMODEM protocol.
s2p:
Converts a sed script to a perl script. The converted script will be shown on STDOUT.
s2p:
Converts a sed script to a perl script. The converted script will be shown on STDOUT.
s2p:
Takes a sed script specified on the command line and produces a comparable perl script on the STDOUT.
sa:
Cleans up and shows information in the /var/adm/pacct file.
sa:
Administers accounting files. Cleans up and shows information in the /var/account/acct file.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/adm/sa/sadd, dd is the current day.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/log/sa/sadd, where dd is the current day.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/adm/sa/saDD, where DD is the current day. Sar often uses this collected information.
sa2:
Is a script that saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/sardd, dd is the current day.
sa2:
Saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/sardd where dd is the current day.
sa2:
Is a script that saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/saDD where DD is the current day. This is similar to sar and it uses the same options.
sacadm:
Is the port monitor administration tool. It is used to add/remove, enable/disable, start/stop a port monitor.
sact, sccs-sact:
Informs the user that the s.file is checked out for editing by somebody else.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sag:
Shows a graph of the system activity data from the binary datafile created by a run of sar.
samba:
Manages samba smbd and nmdb daemons.
sar:
Shows information about system utilization earlier saved in files. The files is in the directory /var/adm/sa/sadd.
sar:
Shows system utilization information earlier saved in files. Please see sadc to set up data collection.
sar:
Shows information about system use for a specified period of time.
sash:
Is a stand-alone shell with many extra built-in commands.
sasldblistusers:
Shows the users in the SASL password database (usually /etc/sasldb).
saslpasswd:
Sets the SASL password for server programs.
savebase:
Saves base customized device settings on the boot device.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savevg:
Collects and backs up all files that belong to a specific volume group.
sb:
Sends files in batch using YMODEM or ZMODEM protocol.
scan:
Produces a one-line-per-message listing of the specified folder or messages.
scan:
Gives a brief description of messages stored in the specified folder, or default folder if not specified.
scanpci:
Shows information about your PCI bus.
scanpci:
Shows information about the PCI bus.
scan_ffs:
Finds any UFS/FFS partitions on the specified disk.
sccs:
Is a management program for the source code control system (SCCS).
sccs:
Executes subcommands on SCCS history files or directories. SCCS = Source Code Control System.
sccs-help, help:
Shows help on error or warning messages from Source Code Control System (SCCS)
sccsdiff:
Compares two versions of a SCCS file.
sccsdiff, sccs-sscsdiff:
Is used to compare two versions of a SCCS file and show the differences.
sccshelp:
Shows help information about an sccs message or command.
sched:
Is a simple scheduler used to run commands at a later time.
sched:
Schedules commands to be executed at a later time from the shell. Note that it is the shell that runs the commands.
sclient:
Is a Kerberos client. When connected to Kerberos server it returns a Kerberos authentication.
scls:
Creates a list of modules and driver names.
scon:
Configures the pcvt VT220 video driver.
scp:
Copies files in a secure way with all network traffic encrypted by ssh.
scp:
Copies files in a secure way with all network traffic encrypted by SSH.
screen:
Runs many programs on one terminal. Makes programs detached so they can be attached somewhere else.
screendump:
Dumps the contents of the screen to STDOUT.
script:
Records everything that is shown on the screen during a terminal session and saves the information into a file.
scsi:
Administers PCMCIA SCSI adapters.
scsi:
Sends commands to or probes a specified SCSI device.
scsi_info:
Shows information about SCSI-devices, such as addess parameters, device vendor information, etc.
sdiff:
Compares the two files and shows the differences between them, side by side on the screen.
sdtpdasync:
Starts the utility PDASync which is a java based application that synchronize handheld Palm devices with CDE.
sdtrlogin:
Parses a URL string and connect to a computer.
securetcpip:
Enables enhanced TCP/IP security for the network.
sed:
Edits text files using a script of specified edit commands and shows the result.
select:
Shows words as a menu on STDERR and $PS3 as a prompt wait for user input. Repeats until terminated.
send:
Sends the specified message files to their destinations.
send:
Sends the specified letter files to it's destinations, defined in the message.
sendbug:
Is a script that sends a problem report to a specified address.
sendbug:
Is a script that sends problem reports to a central support site, using the vi editor.
sendfiles:
Sends multiple files via a MIME message.
sendmail:
Is a mail router used to deliver mail messages locally or via the internet.
serialver:
Reports the serial version UID for at least one class, output is in an evolving class format.
server_upgrade:
Upgrades various clients (Intel or SPARC based) from the server.
sessreg:
Manages utmp/wtmp entries for xdm sessions.
set:
Sets a shell variable to value. With no argument it shows all variables. In Bourne, Bash, Korn and Z-shell (sh, bash, ksh, zsh) set is used to set shell flags.
setclock:
Sets or shows the time and date for a host on a network.
setclock:
Sets the time for the hardware clock.
setenv:
Sets an environment variable. With no argument it shows all environment variables.
setfacl:
Is used to manage the Access Control List for one or more files.
setfdprm:
Is a utility to set and change parameters on auto-detecting floppy devices.
setgroups:
Resets a group set session.
setleds:
Sets the status flags for the keyboard LED's. Shows current status if no option is specified.
setmaps:
Manages terminal and code set maps.
setmnt:
Allows you to re-create /etc/mnttab file line by line.
setopt:
Sets the shells options. Please see zsh for all options.
setpci:
Is used to query and configure PCI devices. All numbers are entered in hexadecimal values.
setquota:
Sets the specified quota for a user or a group from the command line.
setsenv:
Resets a user's protected environment.
setserial:
Sets or retrieve serial port information.
setsid:
Runs the specified program in a new session.
settc:
Makes the shell believe that the terminal capability has the specified value.
settc:
Makes the shell believe that the terminal capability has the specified value.
setterm:
Sets terminal attributes.
settime:
Alters the file access and modification times. This command is equal to touch -c.
setty:
Sets which tty modes the shell allows to be changed.
setty:
Sets which tty modes the shell allows to change.
setuname:
Manages parameter values for the system and node name.
setup:
Configures the system in interactive mode.
setvar:
Sets variable to value.
setxkbmap:
Sets the keyboard layout by means of the X keyboard extension.
setxkbmap:
Sets the keyboard layout by means of the X keyboard extension.
sfdisk:
Administers partition tables.
sh:
Is the Bourne shell command interpreter.
sh, rsh:
Is the Bourne shell command interpreter and rsh is a restricted version of the Bourne shell.
shar:
Converts binary files to a text friendly archive.
shar:
Creates a shell archive of files
share:
Makes local resources available to remote hosts.
shareall:
Shares the resources in a file; for example, /etc/dfs/dfstab.
shell:
Starts a shell with the user's default settings.
shift:
Shifts the command line argument one (or number) step to the left.
shopt:
Alters optional shell variables controlling the behavior of the shell.
shopt:
Changes optional shell variables controlling the behavior of the shell.
show:
Shows specified messages or folders. This is part of the NMH package.
show:
Shows specified messages or folders. This is part of the NMH package.
showaudio:
Plays an audio email message on your workstation.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server about a specified font.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server abut a specified font.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server about a specific font.
showmount:
Shows all clients that have remote mounts from a server.
showrev:
Shows revision information for the hardware and software.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled RGB color name database back to the original form.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled RGB color name database back to the original form.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled rgb color name database back to the original form.
showsnf:
Shows the content of font files in the SNF format or convert glyphs into arrays of characters.
shred:
Erases files by overwriting them repeatedly. Which makes it very hard to restore the information.
shutacct:
Disables process accounting on shutdown and adds a reason record to /var/adm/wtmp.
shutacct:
Disables process accounting on shutdown and adds a reason record to /var/adm/wtmp.
shutdown:
Changes the current run level. Most often to shut the system down.
size:
Shows segment or section size information for each loaded section in object files.
skey:
Generates an encrypted string by getting a password key and sequence number.
skeyaudit:
Notifies users that have a low number of one-time passwords.
skeyinfo:
Shows the specified user's next S/key challenge. Current user will be used if no user is specified.
skeyinit:
Administers the user's S/Key authentications.
skeyprune:
Erases old and zeroed entries in the /etc/skeykeys file.
skill:
Kills processes. Combines features from kill and killall.
skulker:
Removes unwanted files like: core files, a.out files, hup files, files in /tmp, etc.
slattach:
Attaches a network interface to a serial line.
slattach:
Transfers a serial line connection to a network interface.
slattach:
Assigns tty lines to a network interface.
sleep:
Puts the system to sleep for a period of time.
slibclean:
Removes unused modules from the kernel and library memory.
sliplogin:
Turns the terminal line on STDIN into a Serial Line IP (SLIP) link to a remote host.
sliplogin:
Turns the terminal line on STDIN into a serial line IP (SLIP) link to a remote host.
slist:
Shows all NetWare servers present on the network.
slocal:
Manages incomming messages according to actions specified in the .maildelivery file: started by sendmail.
slocal:
Processes inbound messages according to a selection criterion.
slocate, locate:
Looks quickly in a database in order to find files.
slstats:
Shows statistic information for a slip interface.
smartcard:
Configures and administers a smart card.
smbadduser:
Adds users to SMB?s password file.
smbclient:
Connects to a remote service using SMB.
smbd:
Starts the Samba daemon that handles SMB/CIFF requests.
smbmnt:
Mounts SMB file system shares. Checks if a user has write permissions on the mount point before mounting.
smbmount:
Mounts an SMB file system.
smbpasswd:
Changes the user's SMB password.
smbspool:
Sends a print file to an SMB printer.
smbstatus:
Shows the current Samba connections.
smbtar:
This command script is a utility that dumps SMB shares into a tape device.
smbumount:
Lets users unmount their SMB mounted directories. The directory must have the SUID set to root.
smdemon.cleanu:
Cleans up sendmail queues.
smit, smitty:
Starts the System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) to perform system management.
smproxy:
Works as an X application proxy and allows the application to use an X11R6 session.
smproxy:
Works as a proxy for an X application that doesn't support X11R6 management.
smrsh:
Restricts users to only be able to run certain sendmail commands in a shell.
smrsh:
Restricts a shell for users to only be able to run certain commands.
smrsh:
Is a restricted shell used together with sendmail. It only allow certain commands to be run.
smtpd:
Is used to receive mails from other SMTP servers, will put messages in the spool directory.
smtpfwdd:
Forwards SMTPFWDD emails from a spool directory to their destinations.
snap:
Collects system configuration information, called a snapshot.
snapshot:
Takes a snapshot of the screen, or a part of the screen, and saves it to a raster file.
sndAppleSingle:
Allows the user to send Macintosh files stored inside a UNIX file system with the CAP AUFS program.
sndconfig:
Is a graphic interface program that configures sound cards to work with a Linux kernel module.
snice:
Shows process status and sets new priorities for processes.
snmpbulkget:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP BULK requests.
snmpbulkwalk:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP BULK requests.
snmpd:
Starts the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) daemon.
snmpd:
Is an agent that responds to SNMP request packets. Monitors networks.
snmpdelta:
Monitors deltas of integer-valued SNMP variables.
snmpget:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET requests.
snmpgetnext:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET NEXT requests.
snmpinfo:
Manages SNMP settings for an SNMP agent.
snmpnetstat:
Shows network status using SNMP.
snmpset:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP SET requests.
snmpstatus:
Retrieves important information from a network host.
snmptable:
Shows SNMP tables after retrieving them.
snmptest:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP requests.
snmptranslate:
Translates SNMP objects into more useful information.
snmptrap:
Sends an SNMP TRAP to a manager.
snmptrapd:
Receives and logs SNMP trap messages.
snmpusm:
Administers SNMPv3 users on a remote entity.
snmpwalk:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET next requests.
sno:
Is a SNOBOL compiler.
snoop:
Grabs packets from the network and shows information about the content.
soconfig:
Alters the transport provider driver used with sockets.
soelim:
Determines and excludes the .so requests from either troff or nroff input.
solregis:
Starts the Solaris user registration procedure.
sort:
Sorts and merges lines from the specified files or from STDIN, and prints them to STDOUT.
sortbib:
Sorts the specified bibliographic database, based on the sorting keys.
sotruss:
Traces dynamic library calls made by the command specified and shows it on STDOUT.
source:
Reads commands form a file and runs them in the current shell.
speckeysd:
Is a CDE/OpenWindows daemon that detects special keys on Type 5/Compact 1 keyboards.
spell:
Is used to search for English language spelling errors.
spell:
Is a capability script for the aspell spell checker.
spell:
Collects words from specified file or files and look them up in a spelling list. If the word doesn't exist, it will report it. It uses deroff to follow chains of included files.
spellin:
Combines words from STDIN and the already existing spelling list and places a new spelling list on STDOUT.
spellin:
Reads a specified amount of hash codes from STDIN and shows a compressed spelling list.
spellout:
Checks that a specific word is not in the spelling list.
split:
Splits a file into a set of smaller files. The output files will get a double letter extension (.aa, .ab, .ac ... ).
splitlvcopy:
Splits a logical volume copy to create a new logical volume.
splitmail:
Splits an e-mail into smaller pieces according to proposed Internet standard for multimedia mail formats.
splp:
Manages printer driver settings.
spost:
Delivers a message. This is only started by other programs.
spost:
Delivers a message.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many packets were received, and the transfer rate.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many were received and the transfer rate.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many were received and the transfer rate.
srchtxt:
Shows the content of a message database or searches for a match to the text string specified.
srcmstr:
Starts the system resource controller.
ssaadm:
Administers SPARC storage Arrays and SPARC storage RSM disk systems.
sserver:
Is a Kerberos server application. When there is a connection it, returns a Kerberos principal.
ssh, slogin:
Logins secure to a remote computer. It's intended to replace rlogin.
ssh, slogin:
Logins secure to a remote computer. It's is intended to replace rlogin.
ssh-add:
Administrates RSA identities for the SSH authentication agent.
ssh-add:
Administrates RSA identities for the SSH authentication agent.
ssh-agent:
Holds private keys for RSA authentication.
ssh-agent:
Holds private keys for RSA authentication.
ssh-keygen:
Is used it create public and private SSH keys.
ssh-keygen:
Creates public and private SSH keys.
sshd:
Is the secure shell deamon that allows ssh clients access the computer.
sshd:
Listens for secure connections from ssh clients.
startkey:
Is used to initialize a key exchange with the photurisd daemon.
startsrc:
Starts a subsystem or subserver, also called a daemon.
startup:
Turns on process accounting when the system is brought to a multi-user state.
startup:
Turns the process accounting on when the system is brought to a multi-user state.
startx:
Starts a single session of the X window system.
startx:
Starts a single session of the X-window system. Is a front end to xinit.
startx:
Starts a session of the X-window system. Is a front end to xinit. Usually run without arguments.
stat:
Shows information on the specified files of file systems.
statserial:
Shows information about the specified serial port. Useful to debug modems and ports.
stdethers:
Filters out non-YP information from a file.
stdethers:
Deletes unwanted information in a file.
stdethers:
Is used to erase NIS information from the specified file or STDIN.
stdhosts:
Filters out non-YP information.
stdhosts:
Is used to get rid of unwanted information.
stdhosts:
Is used to erase NIS information from the specified file or STDIN.
stem:
Is a tool that lets the user insert instrumentation code into subroutines.
stinit:
Initializes SCSI magnetic tape drives.
stop:
Stops a process.
stopsrc:
Stops a subsystem or subserver.
strace:
Shows streams trace messages on STDOUT. Operands can be specified multiple times, but only in triplets.
strace:
Records all system calls sent and received by the processes within the specified command.
strace:
Shows STREAMS trace messages on STDOUT. Operands can be specified multiple times, but only in triplets.
strchg:
Alters the configurations of streams associated with the user's STDIN.
strchg:
Adds or removes topmost modules of the stream associated with the user's STDIN.
strclean:
Removes streams error logger files older than three days.
strclean:
Removes STREAMS error logger files older than 3 days.
strconf:
Queries the configuration of a stream.
strconf:
Manages the configuration of a stream.
strfile:
Creates a random access file for saving strings. Lines are separated by the delimiting character.
strinfo:
Shows information about streams activity.
strings:
Searches for printable strings in object or binary files.
strip:
Strips the symbol table and the information about debugging and line numbers from an object file.
stripnm:
Shows symbol information for a specific object file.
strload:
Manages the portable streams environment (PSE).
strreset:
Resets a stream.
struct:
Converts FORTRAN programs into RATFOR programs.
stty:
Alters the options for a terminal.
sttydefs:
Maintains the /etc/ttydefs file, which is used for controlling the tty port hunt sequences and for line settings.
stunnel:
Makes it possible to use SSL-enabled connections between two computers, using non-SSL-enabled daemons.
style:
Analyzes the style of an English-language document.
su:
Switches to another user in the current session.
subj:
Creates a list of subjects from a document.
sudo:
Allows a permitted user to execute a command as the super user.
suexec:
Switches the user when executing an external application through programs that are used internally by Apache.
suexec:
Switches user when executing a external application through programs that is used internally by Apache.
suidperl:
Executes a perl script in suID mode.
sulogin:
Prompts for the root password to enter single-user mode, or to press Ctrl-D to proceed with normal startup.
sulogin:
Asks the user to type in root password and go to single-user mode, or to press Ctrl+D to proceed a normal startup.
sum:
Shows a 16-bit checksum and a 512 byte block count for a file.
sup:
Upgrades files or programs by acting like a client and then talks to a file server process.
SuperProbe:
Finds installed video hardware, used by some X11 configuration software to determine configurations.
SuperProbe:
Finds installed video hardware, used by some X11 configuration software to determine configurations.
supfilesrv:
Is the software upgrade protocol server to serve client upgrades.
supscan:
Creates a list of the files on the sup server. This speeds up the service if there is a large number of files.
survd:
Manages the surveillance daemon.
suspend:
Stops the current shell as if Ctrl-Z has been pressed. Login shell can't be stopped.
svmon:
Is used to take snapshots and create reports of the virtual memory.
swap:
Manages the systems swap areas that are used by the memory manager.
swapctl:
Controls the swap devices and files. Will add, remove, or prioritize the swap.
swapdev:
Sets the kernel's swap device. Shows usage information if run without parameters. Is the equivalent of rdev -s.
swapoff:
Disables swapping on the specified devices.
swapon:
Specifies a device to start swapping or paging on.
swapon:
Specifies a device to start swap or page on.
swapon:
Manages swap devices and files for the system.
swat:
Configures Samba over the web. Short for Samba Web Administration Tool. Is run from xinetd.
swcons:
Redirects console output to another device temporarily.
switch, breaksw:
Matches each pattern successively against the word and runs the commands when the first match is found.
switchdesk:
Is used to switch between various desktop environments like GNOME, KDE and AnotherLevel.
switchdesk-helper:
Specifies what window manager to run when starting X.
swmtool:
Is a tool for installing, upgrading and removing software packages.
sx:
Sends files using XMODEM protocol
sync:
Flushs all unwritten file system buffers to disk.
syncinit:
Sets interface operating parameters for a serial line.
syncloop:
Is a program for testing synchronous serial loopback.
synclvodm:
Synchronizes or rebuilds control blocks, ODM settings, or volume descriptor areas on a physical volume.
syncstat:
Shows driver statistics from a synchronous serial link.
syncvg:
Synchronizes logical volume copies that are inconsistent.
sys-suspend:
Suspends, shutdowns or powers off the computer.
sys-unconfig:
Resets the system configuration. The file /.unconfigured tells the system to run the programs to configure system.
sys-unconfig:
Resets the system configuration to the standard state.
syscall:
Runs a specific subroutine call.
syscalls:
Traces system calls.
sysck:
Checks inventory information during installation or update, and updates the SoftWare Vital Product Data database.
sysctl:
Configures kernel parameters at runtime - the parameters is listed in /proc/sys/.
sysctl:
Retrieves and allows the configuring of kernel states.
sysdef:
Shows definition on all devices, modules, etc on the computer.
sysdumpdev:
Manages primary and secondary dump devices in the system.
sysdumpstart:
Starts a kernel dump to a dump device.
sysidconfig:
Is used to manage definition and execution of system configuration applications.
sysidtool:
Is a bundle of five programs that manages configuration and reconfiguration of a system.
sysklogd:
Is a system logging utility.
sysline:
Shows system status on the terminal.
syslogd:
Logs system messages and saves it into a file.
systat:
Is a statistics showing program, showing the current load and the programs consuming much CPU.
sz:
Sends files using ZMODEM protocol.
tab:
Converts spaces into tabs.
tabs:
Clears old settings and set new Tabs and margins on remote terminals.
tabs:
Clears old settings and sets new Tabs and margins on remote terminals.
tac:
Shows files in reverse order. The opposite of cat.
tail:
Shows the tail end of the file specified to STDOUT. Shows the last 10 entries by default.
tailf:
Shows the growth of a file.
talk:
Is used to talk to another user, using the terminal.
talkd, in.talkd, in.ntalkd, ntalkd:
Provides the server function for the talk command. Usually started by the Internet Server.
tangle:
Converts a WEB file to Pascal.
tapechk:
Runs a consistency check on a tape device.
tapes:
Shows any available tape devices installed in the computer.
tapes:
Creates /dev/rmt entries for tape drives connected to the system.
tar:
Extracts or creates files from or to a tar file, tape by default but can be any media or file.
tbl:
Formats tables before to use them in nroff or troff. For BSD and Linux it is only used for troff.
tc:
Interprets input as output from the troff command and the STDOUT. This command is intended for the Tektronix 4015 system.
tc:
Creates and associate queues with output devices.
tcbck:
Manages the security state of the system.
tclsh:
Is the Tool command language (Tcl) shell.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcpd:
Controls and logs incoming requests for Internet services. Used from inetd.
tcpd:
Controls and logs incoming requests for Internet services. Use from inetd-like programs.
tcpdchk:
Checks your TCP wrapper configuration and reports all potential problems it can find.
tcpdchk:
Checks your TCP wrapper configuration and reports all potential problems it can find.
tcpdmatch:
Predicts how the TCP wrapper would handle a specific request for service.
tcpdmatch:
Predicts how the tcpwrapper would handle a specific request for service.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets on a network interface.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets on a network interface.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets matching the specified expression, on a network interface.
tcsh:
Is a enchanced version of the C-shell that is completely compatible.
tcsh:
Is the enhanced version of the UNIX C shell csh. Primarily a command language interpreter that can be used as a login shell and a shell script command processor.
tctl:
Controls commands to a streaming tape device.
tdigest:
Converts term files.
tee:
Copies STDIN to STDOUT as well as to files.
telesctrl:
Configures the log level of the HiSax-ISDN device driver. Log information is stored in /dev/isdnctrl.
telltc:
Shows the current values of all terminal capabilities.
telltc:
Shows the current values of all terminal capabilities.
telnet, tn:
Uses the telnet protocol to communicate with other hosts.
tenletxr:
Forwards X connections from your host to the specified host.
termdef:
Queries and shows current terminal settings.
test:
Evaluates conditions. In if structures conditions are often used inside brackets ( [ ] ).
testparm:
Reads a Samba configuration file to check whether it is correct.
testprns:
Checks whether a given printer name is valid to use with smbd.
tex, initex, virtex:
Formats text and typesetting.
texindex:
Creates an index for a TeX output file.
texindex:
Creates an index for a TeX output file.
tfmtodit:
Creates groff font files to use with groff -Tdvi.
tfmtodit:
Is used to create groff font files to be used with groff -Tdvi.
tftp:
Sends files to and from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
tftp:
Sends files to and from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
tftp, utftp:
Sends files to and receives files from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
thumbnail:
Creates a TIFF image file with thumbnail images.
tic:
Compiles a terminfo file. The data is saved in the directory /usr/share/lib/terminfo for AIX and Solaris and in the directory /usr/share/terminfo for BSD and Linux.
tie:
Merges or applies WEB system change files.
tiff2bw:
Converts a color TIFF image to grayscale.
tiff2ps:
Converts TIFF images to PostScript format.
tiffcmp:
Compares two TIFF files.
tiffcp:
Merges TIFF images together into a single multi-image file.
tiffdither:
Converts an 8-bit grayscale TIFF image to a bilevel TIFF image.
tiffinfo:
Shows information about TIFF files.
tiffsplit:
Creates single-image files from a multi-image TIFF file.
time:
Starts a program and shows statistics on STDERR about how long it took to run.
timeconfig:
Configures the computer time in a ncurses-based environment.
timed:
Synchronizes local time with other hosts.
timed:
Is used to synchronize local time with other hosts.
timedc:
Administers the function of the timed program.
timedc:
Administers the function of the timed program.
times:
Shows accumulated system and user times for processes run from the shell..
timex:
Measures how long it takes to run a command. Shows time elapsed, user time, and system time in seconds.
timex:
Measures how much time it takes to run a command. It shows elapsed, user, and system time in seconds.
tin:
Is a Usenet news reader, which can read locally or remotely via an NNTP server.
tip:
Connects to a remote host with full duplex terminal connection behaving like a interactive session on a local terminal.
tip:
Connects to a remote hosts.
tip:
Connects to a remote host with full-duplex terminal connection creating an interactive session on a local terminal.
tload:
Shows system load as a graph.
tmpwatch:
Erases files that haven't been accessed for a specified number of hours.
tn3270:
"Connects a local host with a remote host
tn3270:
Is used to remotely log in to IBM computers with full screen and full duplex. Emulates the IBM 3270 terminal.
tnfdump:
Converts TNF files to ASCII to make it suitable for analyze.
tnfxtract:
Collects and extracts kernel trace information into a trace file.
toe:
Shows a list of all available terminal types by primary name with their descriptions.
tokstat:
Shows token-ring device statistics.
top:
Shows a list of the most active CPU processes.
top:
Shows and updates information about the top CPU processes.
topas:
Shows specified local system statistics.
touch:
Gives the file specified a new time and date stamp. If the file does not exist it will be created.
tprof:
Shows CPU usage statistics.
tput:
This utility is used to initialize a terminal or query a terminfo database.
tr:
Replaces or deletes characters while copying from STDIN to STDOUT.
trace:
Traces specific system events.
tracepath:
Shows the path, and the MTU that is found on the way, to the specified destination.
traceroute:
Shows you a list of the route a packets takes to reach a network host.
tracesoff:
Disables tracing on a subsystem or a subserver.
traceson:
Enables tracing of a subsystem or a subserver.
trap:
Runs the command when the shell receive signal. If command is a null string ("") it will reset the signals to there original behavior. Used alone it shows all traps.
trbsd:
Translates characters. This is the BSD version of the command tr.
trcdead:
Extracts tracing information from a system dump image.
trcnm:
Creates a kernel name list.
trcrpt:
Creates a trace report from the trace logfile.
trcstop:
Turns off the trace function.
trcupdate:
Manages trace report format templates.
troff, gtroff:
Formats the text in the specified file for printing or typesetting.
trpt:
Shows information about TCP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
trpt:
Shows information about TCP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
trsp:
Shows information about SPP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
true:
Provides a true value in scripts, does nothing but always exits with a value of 0.
truss:
Is used to manage tracing of specific system calls and signals.
tset:
Determines and configures your terminal.
tsh:
Is a more secure command interpreter than the Korn shell. Start the shell, the user must press Ctrl-X and Ctrl-R.
tsm:
Will provide terminal state management to control the ports used in the trusted path.
tsort:
Sorts items from a text file or STDIN and show on STDOUT an ordered listing of the items.
tty:
Shows the terminal that is used as STDIN.
ttyadm:
Manages port monitor specific data.
ttyctl:
Freezes and unfreezes the tty. With no option, it shows the current status.
ttyflags:
Is used to set device-specific flags for terminals.
ttymon:
Is used to manage port settings for terminal ports.
tune2fs:
Alters tunable file system parameters on second extended file systems.
tunefs:
Changes the dynamic parameters of an unmounted file system that exists in /etc/vfstab.
tunefs:
Changes the dynamic parameters of an unmounted file system that exists in /etc/vfstab.
tunelp:
Configures various parameters for the lp device.
turnacct:
Manages process accounting.
turnacct:
Manages process accounting.
tvi:
Is a trusted version of the text editor vi.
twm:
Is a X-window manager that provides icon management, macros, key bindings, title bars and shaped windows.
type:
Shows a description of a commands type.
typeset, declare:
Sets values and attributes for variables. A new variable instance is created when used inside functions.
tzselect:
Configures the time zone in an interactive mode.
ucblinks:
Is used to add compatibility for SunOS 4.x devices to a SunOS5.x system. Adds /dev entries.
ufsdump:
Creates a backup of all specified files or file systems to a hard drive, floppy disk or tape.
ufsrestore:
Restores backup files created with ufsdump from backup media. Restore is placed in current directory.
uil:
Starts the UIL compiler, a language to describe the initial state of a users interface for a AIXwindows application.
uil:
Starts the UIL compiler. A language to describe the initial state of a user interface for a Motif application.
ul:
Reads STDIN or specified files and alter the underscore characters to fit your terminal.
ulimit:
Sets and shows the size limits used by the shell and its child processes. Shows the current limit if not given.
umask:
Alters the file mode creation mask of the current shell execution environment.
umount, unmount:
Unmounts local or remote file systems. AIX also have a unmount command with the same syntax.
umountall:
Unmounts all mounted filesystems except root, /proc, /var, and /usr.
unalias:
Erases the definitions of all aliases specified on the command line from the current shell execution environment.
uname:
Shows information about the current system.
unbuffer:
Disables the output buffering when the specified program is redirected.
uncomplete:
Removes any pattern specified with complete.
uncomplete:
Removes any patterns specified with the command complete.
uncompress:
Uncompresses .Z files. Removes the .Z suffix when it is done.
unexpand:
Replaces the spaces in text files created with expand back to Tab characters.
unfunction:
Removes functions.
unget:
Reverses all changes in a SCCS history file made by the command get -e.
unget, sccs-unget:
Undoes all changes in a SCCS history file that was made by the command get -e.
unhash:
Disables the internal hash table. In zsh it will remove names from the internal hash table.
unicode_start:
Sets Unicode mode to the screen and keyboard.
unicode_stop:
Takes screen and keyboard out of Unicode mode and into 8-bit mode.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source, leaving the rest of the file untouched.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source, leaving the rest of the file untouched.
uniq:
Filters out adjacent lines that are alike and shows the output on STDOUT or save it to a file.
units:
Tells you interactively how to convert a unit quantity to another type, for example, from inches to centimeters.
units:
Converts a unit quantity to another type - for example, from inch to centimeter.
units:
Tells you interactively how to convert a unit quantity to another type, for example, from inches to centimeters.
unix2dos:
Converts the ISO standard characters in a file to match with the DOS format.
unlimit:
Removes resource limits. If no options is specified all limits will be erased.
unlink:
"Unlinks files and directories
unlink:
Unlinks files and directories. Does not use any error checking.
unloadipsec:
Unloads a crypto module from the IP security system.
unmirrorvg:
Breaks a mirror on a volume group.
unpack:
Decompresses files created by pack. Removes the .z suffix when done.
unpack:
Decompresses files created by pack. Removes the .z suffix when done.
unset:
Removes variable or function from the shell.
unsetenv:
Removes environment variables.
unsetopt:
Unsets any of the shell variables. Please see zsh for all options.
unshar:
Searches mail messages for shell archives, unpacks them, and saves them in a single file.
unshare:
Makes the shared local resource unavailable for mounting from remote systems.
unshareall:
Unassigns the shared resources on the specified File System Types.
unstr:
Shows the strings from a file created by the strfile command.
untab:
Converts tabs into spaces.
until:
Repeats the commands until expression is true.
unvis:
Alters the result of the command vis on a file back to nonvisible characters.
unzip:
Uncompress, list, test, or show the compressed files from a zip archive.
unzip:
Is used to uncompress and show the compressed files from a zip archive. It also shows or tests compressed files.
unzipsfx:
Creates self-extracting zip archives. Is a binary stub to be added to existing zip archives.
up2date:
Updates packets installed on your computer.
update:
Starts to update the file system every 30 seconds.
update:
Tells the kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk (also known as bdflush).
updatedb:
Is a utility to update the slocate database.
uprintfd:
Is the daemon that constructs and writes kernel messages.
uptime:
Shows how long the system has been up, number of users and the load average for the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes.
urlview:
Reads all URLs it can find in a file and shows them in an interactive menu.
useradd:
Creates an account for a new user with permissions and memberships set.
useradd, adduser:
Creates a new user or updates default new user information.
userconf:
Configures system accounts and groups interactively or on the command line.
userdel:
Erases a user's account from the system.
userdel:
Erases a user's account from the system.
userhelper:
Is a interface to pam that is used to alter the user's shell, password, and GECOS information.
userinfo:
Alters the user's finger information just like the command chfn, but does so interactively.
usermod:
Alters a specified user's login account permissions and memberships on the system.
usermod:
Alters a specified user's login account permissions and memberships on the system.
usermount:
Starts a graphical tool to mount, unmount, and format file systems.
usernetctl:
Changes the status of the specified network interface.
userpasswd:
Is a graphical tool that lets users change their passwords.
users:
Shows a one-line list of the users who are logged in on the system.
usleep:
Sleeps for some number of microseconds.
usrck:
Checks that a user name is correct.
utmp2wtmp:
Is used by runacct to create an entry in the file /var/adm/wtmp for every user logged on to the system.
utmpd:
Monitors /var/adm/utmp and /var/adm/utmpx files and fixes them if they are not correct.
uucheck:
Looks for the presence of the required uucp files and directories.
uucheck:
Is used to monitor uucp directories and permissions files.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uuclean:
Removes files from the Basic Networking Utilities spooling directory.
uucleanup:
Searches the spool directories and cleans them up.
uucleanup:
Searches the spool directories and cleans them up.
uuconv:
Is used to convert UUCP configuration files from one type to another.
uucp:
Copies files from one place to a another inside UNIX (uucp stands for UNIX to UNIX copy).
uucp:
Copies files from one place to a another inside UNIX (UNIX-to-UNIX copy).
uucp:
Copies files from one place to another inside UNIX (UNIX to UNIX copy).
uucpadm:
Is a interactive program used to manage Basic Networking Utility information.
uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Started by inetd at request.
uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Invoked by inetd at request.
uudecode:
Decodes an encoded file created by uuencode. The decoded file name is set by uuencode.
uudemon.admin:
Sends uucp status information to an administrator. It also executes the uustat -p and -q commands.
uudemon.admin:
Sends uucp status information to an administrator.
uudemon.cleanu:
Cleans up Basic Networking Utilities log files and spooling directories.
uudemon.hour:
Starts up the commands uusched and uuxqt in the background.
uudemon.hour:
Starts the commands uusched and uuxqt in the background.
uudemon.poll:
Polls remote systems by a schedule specified in /etc/uucp/Poll
uudemon.poll:
Polls remote systems by a schedule specified in /etc/uucp/Poll
uuencode:
Creates an encoded file to use when you send mail.
uuglist:
Shows you a list of available service grades on the system.
uuidgen:
Creates a new UUID value.
uuid_gen:
Creates universal UUID's for objects, interfaces, and types.
uukick:
Contacts a remote host using debug mode, and shows the information on the local system.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that are known to the uucp command.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that are known to the uucp command.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that is known to the uucp command.
uupick:
Searches for files sent from other systems, and prompts interactively for actions.
uupick:
Searches for files sent from other systems and prompts interactively for action.
uupick:
Searches for files sent to you from other systems and prompts you for action.
uupoll:
Forces a poll of a remote Basic Networking Utilities system.
uuq:
Shows or removes jobs from the Basic Networking Utilities queue.
uusched:
"Is a scheduler for file transport
uusched:
Is a scheduler for file transport and is normally started by cron.
uusend:
Sends a file to one or more remote systems.
uusnap:
Shows the status of the Basic Networking Utilities.
uustat:
Shows information about the uucp jobs on a local or remote system.
uustat:
Shows information about the UUCP jobs on a local or remote system.
uustat:
Shows information about the uucp jobs on a local or remote system.
uuto:
Uses uucp to send files to remote systems. Keeps access control, notifies the receiver on completion.
uuto:
Uses uucp to send files to remote systems. Keeps access control, notifies the receiver on completion.
uutry:
Contacts remote systems using uucico and stores debugging information in the file /tmp/systemname.
Uutry:
Contacts remote systems using uucico and stores debugging information in /tmp/systemname.
uux:
Collects files from several systems, executes a command on the system specified, and sends the result to a file on the system you specify.
uux:
Executes a command on a remote UNIX based system and still enable the user to work locally.
uux:
Is used to execute a command on a remote UNIX based system and still enable the user to work locally.
uuxqt:
Executes remote requested jobs created with the uux command.
uuxqt:
Is used to execute remote requested jobs created with the uux command.
uuxqt:
Executes remote requested jobs created by using the uux command.
vacation:
"Replies to mail automatically
vacation:
Replies to mail automatically. Useful when you are out of the office.
vacation:
Replies to mail automatically. Useful when you are out of the office.
vacuumdb:
Cleans your Postgres database. The Postgres query optimizer uses it to generate internal statistics.
val:
Verifies an SCCS file.
val, sccs-val:
Verifies an SCCS file.
valyorn:
Validates a response; used with ckyorn.
varyoffvg:
Deactivates a volume group.
varyonvg:
Activates a volume group.
vc:
"Copies lines from STDIN to STDOUT with arguments and control statements
vc:
Copies lines from STDIN to STDOUT with arguments and control statements. Used for version control.
vdir:
Shows information about the current or the specified directory.
vedit:
Is the vi editor for beginners, it sets the report flags to 1 and turns showmode and novice flags on.
versions:
Shows the modification time of an INed structured file.
vgrind:
Formats program source using troff.
vgrind:
Formats the program source using troff.
vgrind:
Formats program source using troff to make it more easy to read.
vi, view:
Edits or views text files.
vidmode:
Sets video mode for a kernel image. Is equivalent to rdev -v.
viewres:
Shows a tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
viewres:
Shows a tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
viewres:
Shows the tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
vigr:
Is used to edit the /etc/group file.
vimtutor:
Shows a help page on how to start using the very powerful editor vim in Linux.
vipw:
Edits the /etc/passwd file.
vipw:
Is used to edit the password file, /etc/passwd.
vipw:
Edits the password file /etc/passwd.
vis:
Converts and shows nonprintable characters in visible format.
visudo:
Checks and edits the /etc/sudoers file and makes sure that it is correct, without any errors.
vmh:
Is a visual interface to the MH command.
vmstat:
Shows various statistics for the system. For example memory and io usages.
vnconfig:
Allows a regular file to be used as if it is a disk. Use it as a swap file or mount it with a filesystem.
volcheck:
Checks whetherf any new media has been inserted into any removable media device.
volcopy:
Makes an image copy of the file system.
vold:
Is the volume management daemon that manages CD-ROM and floppy devices.
volrmmount:
Used to mount or unmount media. To do this, it uses rmmount.
vos:
Administers AFS volumes in interactive mode.
vsig:
Synchronizes a co-process with its controlling FMLI application. To synchronize, it signals to the FMLI process.
vt-is-UTF8:
Checks whether current VT is in UTF8- or byte mode.
vt220keys:
Defines SHIFTED function keys on VT220 terminals.
vttest:
Is used to test the functionality of a VT100 -type terminals, and is menu driven.
w:
Shows information about logged in users.
wait:
Waits for a background process to complete. C and TC-Shell will wait for all background processes.
wall:
Shows a message to all currently logged in users.
watch:
Is used to monitor a program that may be unstable.
watch:
Runs a specified command several times to show the change of the output
wc:
Counts characters, words, and lines in files.
weave:
Translates a file from .web style to a TeX style file.
what:
Gets SCCS version information from a file.
what:
Shows version information of object modules.
what:
Gets SCCS version information from a file.
whatis:
Shows the header line from the manual page for a command.
whatnow:
Is a front end for the nmh commands to prompt the user for what to do.
whatnow:
Is used as a front end for the nmh commands to prompt the user of what to do.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
where:
Shows where a command is located, including alias, Internal, and in the path.
where:
Shows where a command is located, including alias, internal, and in the path.
whereis:
Searches binary, source and manual page files for the specified command.
which:
Shows the path to a command.
which_fileset:
Searches through the AIX_file_list for a specific file.
while:
Repeats the commands while the expression is true.
who:
Shows who is on the system.
who am i:
Is actually the who command but only shows the current user. It takes two arguments that can be anything.
whoami:
Shows the login name of the current effective user.
whocalls:
Tracks procedure calls.
whodo:
Shows who is doing what on the system.
whois:
Finds names or handles for an internet domain name.
wicontrol:
Configures and controls WaveLAN/IEEE wireless network devices using the wi driver.
window:
Creates and starts windows on ASCII terminals.
winsysck:
Checks which window system protocols are available.
wish:
Specifies the Tool command language with a graphic tool kit (Tcl/Tk) used to run Tcl/Tk scripts in graphic mode.
wlmcntrl:
Manages workload management.
wlmstat:
Shows the status of a workload management class.
wm2:
Is a nonconfigurable window manager for X.
wnewmail:
Alerts you when a new mail arrives.
word-list-compress:
Compresses or decompresses word list files read from STDIN and output on STDOUT.
write:
Writes to another user's screen. The messages is read from the console. Can be used to reply in AIX.
writesrv:
Is a daemon that lets the user send or receive messages from a remote system.
writevt:
Inserts a text string in a terminal's input buffer.
wrjpgcom:
Inserts text information into a JPEG picture.
wsinfo:
Is a GUI that shows name, type, host ID, IP address, domain, memory, OS version, and more about the system.
wtmpfix:
Inspects specified wtmpdatabase files, corrects time, and date stamps to make the entries consistent.
wtmpfix:
Inspects specified wtmpdatabase files, correct the time and date stamps to make the entries consistent.
wvdial:
Dials a modem and initiates PPP. Configured from command line or from the file /etc/wvdial.conf.
wvdialconf:
Detects your modem and its attributes, then updates the /etc/wvdial.conf file.
X:
Is the X-window system which is a network-transparent GUI system developed by X Consortium, Inc. This is used with bitmap display systems and manages user input to and from various
x11perf:
Is used to measure the performance of an X server.
x11perfcomp:
Compares and shows the difference between x11servers
x11perfcomp:
Compares and shows the difference between x11servers.
xargs:
Creates a list of arguments, start a program and run the arguments.
xauth:
Manages the authorization rules used when connecting to a X-server.
xautolock:
Is used to either lock the X Window or start a program when a specified amount of time has expired.
Xconfigurator:
Configures the XFree86 server.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xdat:
Manages date and time settings, and also schedules removes or view jobs.
xf86config:
Is a console-based application to configure the XF86Config file.
xf86config:
Is a console-based application to configure the XF86Config file.
XF86Setup:
Configures the XFree86 server in GUI mode.
xfindproxy:
Finds proxy services to be used with a proxy manager.
XFree86:
Is a free X server that is delivered with several Linux distributions.
xfs:
Supplies fonts to X-Window servers.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides an application layer firewall for X traffic.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides a application layer firewall for X traffic.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides an application layer firewall for X traffic. Makes it possible to hide destination X-server addresses and secure incoming X-connections.
xget:
Receives secret mails that have been sent with the command xsend.
xgetfile:
Is a file manager based on X-window.
xgettext:
Creates portable message files that contains copies of C strings that are found in ANSI C source code.
xgettext:
Creates portable message files, that contains copies of C string that are found in ANSI C source code.
xhost:
Controls access to the X server by keeping a list of allowed hosts and users.
xinetd:
Monitors service ports and starts the required services when the requests comes.
xinit:
Starts the the X-Window server specified.
xisdnload:
Shows periodically updated information about the ISDN load average.
xkbevd:
Monitors for XKB events and runs the requested commands when they occur.
xkbevd:
Monitors for XKB events and runs the requested commands when they occur.
xkibitz:
Allows many people to interact with each others' programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xlf, xlf_r, xlf_r7, f77:
Compiles XL FORTRAN source files, and is also used to process source and object files written in assembly language.
xload:
Shows a histogram over the average system load.
xload:
Is used to show a histogram over the average system load.
xload:
Shows a histogram over the average system load.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsclients:
Shows client applications that run on a screen.
xlsclients:
Is used to show client applications that run on a screen.
xlsclients:
Shows client applications that run on a screen.
xlsfonts:
Lists X Window fonts that match a specified pattern.
xlswins:
Shows a window tree for X.
xmag:
Enlarges parts of the screen.
xmag:
Is used to enlarge parts of the screen.
xmag:
Enlarges parts of the screen.
xman:
Shows man pages in a browser when running X.
xman:
Is used to show man pages in a browser when running X.
xman:
Shows man pages in a browser when running X.
xmkmf:
Converts an Imakefile to a Makefile.
xmodem:
Sends or receives a file using the XMODEM protocol.
xmodmap:
Shows and modify the keymaps in X.
xmonisdn:
Shows the status of ISDN network connections and enables the starting or stopping of subsystems.
xmorph:
Morphs images in an X window environment.
Xnest:
Opens a new window X server that will nest inside of the real X server.
XNSquery:
Queries a Xerox Network System host for routing information.
XNSrouted:
Configures network routing tables for Xerox Network Systems.
xntpd:
Is a daemon that controls the time of day for UNIX systems.
xntpd:
Is a daemon that controls the time of day for UNIX systems.
xntpdc:
Queries and control the states on the Network Time Protocol daemon called xntpd.
xntpdc:
Queries and controls the states on the Network Time Protocol daemon called xntpd.
xon:
Executes the specified command on the specified remote host.
xon:
Executes the specified command on the specified remote host.
xpcmcia:
Is a graphical user interface for the pcmcia utility.
xplaycd:
Plays audio CD-ROMs interactively.
xpowerm:
Is a graphical user interface for the power management system
xpr:
Prints out X window dump information.
xpr:
Prints out X window dump information.
Xprt:
Is an X print server for Solaris
xrdb:
Contains resources for the X server. This program normally runs from an X startup file.
xrefresh:
Refreshes all or part of an X screen.
xrefresh:
Is used to refresh all or part of an X screen.
xrefresh:
Refreshes all or part of an X screen.
xsend:
Uses a secure channel to send secret mails to a user in the local system.
xset:
Sets the user options for the X display. Such as mouse, bell, keys and much more.
xsetmode:
Sets the mode for an input device under X window.
xsetmode:
Is used to set the mode for an input device under X-window.
xsetpointer:
Sets the main pointer for X window.
xsetpointer:
Is used to set the main pointer for X-window.
xsetroot:
Modifies how to view the background window on a workstation that runs X.
xsm:
Manages X sessions. Allows applications to run and lets them become part of the session.
xsm:
Manages X sessions. Allows to run applications and lets them become part of the session.
xss:
Is an extended screen saver with screen lock.
xstr:
Keeps a library of strings from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xstr:
Keeps a library of string from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xstr:
Keeps a library of strings from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xterm:
Is a terminal emulator for X-Window. Provides terminal emulation for programs that can't use X-Window.
Xvfb:
Is a virtual X server that uses virtual memory to emulate a frame buffer for X-window version 11.
xwd:
Saves window images into a dump file.
xwininfo:
Shows information about windows.
xwininfo:
Is used to show information about X-window.
xwininfo:
Shows X window information on the X server.
xwud:
Shows an image dump that is saved in a formatted dump file.
xxd:
Converts binary files or STDIN to a hexadecimal file, or vice versa.
yacc, byacc:
Converts a file containing grammar rules into a C-source file name y.tab.c.
yes:
Outputs an affirmative response repeatedly.
yes:
Shows the command-line arguments, separated by spaces and new lines forever.
yes:
"Outputs a string or ""y"" forever."
ypbind:
Runs at startup and keeps information about the bindings between NIS clients and servers.
ypcat:
Shows the values in the specified NIS map.
ypchfn:
Changes the users GECOS field, where full name and user-related information exist.
ypchsh:
Alters the users default shell in the NIS database.
ypdomainname:
Shows or sets the system's NIS/YP domain name.
ypinit:
Sets up an NIS server or client system.
ypmatch:
Shows the values of keys from a NIS map.
yppasswd:
Alters the password in the NIS database.
yppasswd:
Alters the yellow pages password in the NIS database.
yppasswd:
Alters the password in the NIS database.
yppasswdd:
A script that executes the rpc.yppasswdd that makes it easier to control the daemon.
yppoll:
Uses ypserv to get the version number and master NIS server for the specified map.
yppush:
Copies a new NIS map from the master server to the slave servers.
ypserv:
Is a NIS server daemon that looks up information requested by other yp commands.
ypservers:
Shows NIS servers.
ypset:
Tells ypbind to use the specified server for NIS services.
ypstart:
Starts NIS (Network Information Service). Use ypstop to stop it.
ypstop:
Stops NIS (Network Information Service). Use ypstart to start it.
yptest:
Checks a series of YP functions in order to see if the YP server is working properly.
ypwhich:
Shows the name of the NIS server that provides the name services to a NIS client.
ypxfr:
Manages NIS map transfers between a NIS server and a host.
ypxfrd:
Efficiently transfers entire NIS maps. Should be run from the master server.
yyfix:
This script will extract tables from the yacc generated file y.tab.c.
zcat:
Shows a compressed file on STDOUT without decompressing it.
zcat:
Uncompresses a list of files from the command line or STDIN, then writes to STDOUT.
zcat:
Decompresses and shows the specified files without altering them.
zcmp:
Compares two compressed files. Return status is 0 = identical, 1 = different, 1 < error.
zcmp:
Compares two compressed files. Return status is 0 = identical, 1 = different, 1 < error.
zdiff:
Compares compressed files. It uses the command diff to run the comparison.
zdiff:
Compares compressed files. It uses the command diff to run the comparison..
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zforce:
Adds a .gz extension to a compressed (gzip) file. Useful for files with names truncated after a file transfer.
zforce:
Adds an .gz extension to a compressed (gzip) file.
zgrep, zfgrep, zegrep:
Searches for text strings inside compressed files.
zgrep, zfgrep, zegrep:
Is used to search for text strings inside compressed files.
zic:
Creates files that can be used for time conversion.
zic:
Is used to set time conversion.
zic:
Creates files that can be used for time conversion.
zip:
Compresses files.
zip:
Compresses files.
zipcloak:
Is used for encryption or decryption of a compressed file.
zipcloak:
Encrypts or decrypts a compressed file.
zipgrep:
Searches for text strings inside zip archive files.
zipinfo:
Shows technical information about a zip archive.
zipinfo:
Shows information about a zip archive, permissions, compression type, encryption, OS, version type, and more.
zipnote:
Inserts notes and comments into zip files.
zipnote:
Inserts notes and comments into zip files.
zipsplit:
Splits one zip file into many zip files.
zipsplit:
Splits one zip file into many zip files.
zless:
Enables compressed text files to be inspected one full screen at a time.
zmore:
Shows compressed text files one screen at a time.
zmore:
Shows compressed text files one screen at a time.
znew:
Recompresses a .Z compressed file to a .gz file.
znew:
Converts a .Z file to a .gz file.
zsh:
Is an interactive login shell and shell script command processor.
zzz:
Places the system into one of two modes of advanced power management (APM) suspension.
#:
Used to make comments in a shell script or tells which shell to use as an interpreter for the script.
.:
Reads commands from a script and execute them in your current environment.
/etc/defaultrouter:
Defines the systems default routers. Values must be separated with whitespace, # can be used for comments.
/etc/gateways:
Contains all the routes and default gateways for the system.
/etc/hostname.interface:
Contains the hostname of the system and should match the hostname defined in the /etc/hosts file. The file is named with the interface name, such as hostname.hme0 or hostname.le0
/etc/hosts:
Configures names and aliases of IP-addresses. Fields should be separated with Tab or white space.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet services database ASCII file which contains a list of available network services.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet server database ASCII file that contains a list of available servers. Is invoked by inetd when it gets an Internet request via a socket.
/etc/inetd.conf:
Is the Internet server database, used by the inetd daemon, which contains a list of available network services.
/etc/inittab:
Is a script used by init. Controls process dispatching.
/etc/inittab:
Controls process dispatching. Used by init.
/etc/inittab:
Is a script used by init. Controls process dispatching.
/etc/lilo.conf:
Is the configuration file used by the Linux Loader while booting.
/etc/modules.conf:
Loads modules specific options at startup.
/etc/mygate:
Defines the systems default router or gateway.
/etc/myname:
Specifies the real host name for the system.
/etc/netsvc.conf:
Specifies how different name resolution services will look up names.
/etc/nodename:
Specifies the real hostname for the system.
/etc/nologin:
Is a text file that, if it exists in /etc/, will prevent non-root users from logging in. If a user attempts to login, it will be shown the contents of the file, and then be disconnected.
/etc/nologin:
Is a text file message that is shown to the user who tries to log on during a system shutdown process. After the message appears the log on procedure ends.
/etc/nsswitch.conf:
Specifies how the lookup for different databases are performed and in what order. Lookups are done left to right.
/etc/nsswitch.conf:
Specifies how the lookup for different databases is done and in what order.
/etc/printcap:
Describes printers and allows dynamic addition and deletion of printers by the spooling system.
/etc/printcap:
Describes printers and allows dynamic addition and deletion of printers by the spooling system.
/etc/rc.conf:
Is a configuration file used to configure the system daemons. It has three sections, the first turns features on or off, the second turns daemons on or off and the third sets parameters for the
/etc/resolv.conf:
Configures the system's network. Specifies hostname and gateway.
/etc/xinetd.conf:
Contains the configuration for the extended internet services started by the xinetd command.
a2p:
Transforms awk scripts to perl scripts, and shows the result on STDOUT.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab:
Benchmarks your Apache server by sending requests to it.
ab_admin:
Manages an AnswerBook card catalog database through a shell-level interface. Will enable administrators to delete, add, list, verify and modify AnswerBook entries.
ac:
Shows how long a user or users have been logged in.
ac:
Counts how long a user or users have been using their accounts.
accept:
Enables the printer queue specified to receive print requests.
access:
Checks whether if a file can be accessed. Exits successfully if the file can be accessed with the specified mode.
accessx:
Configures the keyboard for use by people with disabilities. Requires OpenWindows version 3.4 or later.
acctcms:
Creates a summary of command usage using accounting records. Shows the result to STDOUT.
acctcms:
Reads one or more files, adds the records for processes that execute commands that have the same name , and then shows a summary.
acctcom:
Reads the specifed files, or the file /var/adm/pacct, and searches for account information.
acctcom:
Reads files, STDIN, or /var/adm/pacct, and searches the files for account information. Shows the information as described by acct to STDOUT.
acctcon:
Reads login/logoff records from STDIN and converts them to total accounting records.
acctcon1:
Converts login/logoff records into ASCII output. Uses STDIN or reads from the wtmp file located in /var/adm/.
acctcon1:
Converts login/logoff records into ASCII. It reads from STDIN or the wtmp file in /var/adm/.
acctcon2:
Reads the ASCII records created from acctcon1 and converts them into total accounting (tacct) records
acctcon2:
Reads the ASCII records created by acctcon1 and converts them into total accounting (tacct) records.
acctdisk:
Reads the output lines from diskusg or acctdusg from STDIN, creates total accounting records for each individual record, and then writes to STDOUT.
acctdisk:
Converts information regarding transferred disk blocks by userID or login name by reading the accounting file (usually /var/adm/pacct) and then creates total accounting records.
acctdusg:
Calculates disk resource consumption for users. Reads from STDIN.
acctdusg:
Calculates disk resource consumption for users. Reads from STDIN.
acctmerg:
Merges or adds accounting files in the total accounting (tacct) or ASCII format.
acctmerg:
Merges or adds accounting files in the total accounting (tacct) or ASCII format.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. If no file name is given, turns process accounting off.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. Without file, process accounting will be turned off.
accton:
Outputs process accounting to the specified file. If no file name is given, will turns process accounting off.
acctprc1:
Converts information created with acct, and adds the login names that corresponds with the user IDs.
acctprc1:
Converts information created with acct and adds the login names that corresponds with the user IDs.
acctprc2:
Reads records from STDIN in the format created by acctprc1, sorts them by ID and name, and shows the result to STDOUT.
acctprc2:
Reads records from STDIN in the format created by acctprc1, and sorts them by ID and name, and shows the result to STDOUT.
acctwtmp:
Manages connect-time accounting records by writing a UTMP record to STDOUT.
acctwtmp:
Writes an UTMP record with the current time and a string of characters that describe the reason, into specified file.
acfgd:
Manages auto- configuration of PCMCIA devices.
acledit:
Is an editor used to manage access control list (ACL) for a file.
aclget:
Shows the access control information for a specific file.
aclput:
Sets the access control list for a file.
actctrl:
Configures the IBM Active 2000 ISDN device driver and downloads firmware into the ISDN card.
adb:
Provides a controlled environment to examine files, and acts as an interactive general-purpose debugger.
adb:
Provides a controlled environment to examine files. Is an interactive debugger to examine core files.
addbib:
Creates, modifies or updates a library database of information. After executing, addbib gives step-by-step instructions and prompts for necessary information.
addbib:
Creates, modifies, or updates a library database of information. After executing addbib it will give step-by-step instructions and prompt for necessary information.
addftinfo:
Reads troff font file and adds font metric information that is used by the groff system.
addftinfo:
Reads troff font file and adds font metric information that is used by the groff system.
addr:
Shows information about network addresses. Will show you the hexadecimal format of the IP address.
addr2line:
Shows file names and line numbers for a specified program addresses.
adduser:
Adds a user to the system. Asks for required additional data that has not been specified on the command line.
addX11input:
Collects X11 values and creates an X11 input extension record in the ODM database.
add_drv:
Installs new device drivers in the computer and assigns device names.
adfutil:
Merges MCA driver information from a diskette for PS/2 adapters into the ODM.
admin:
Manages SCCS history files. SCCS history files have the form s.filename.
admin, sccs-admin:
Manages SCCS history files. SCCS history files have the form s.filename.
admintool:
Manages users and groups accounts in an X window environment. Also manages printers and allows installed software to be viewed.
adsl-connect:
Is a user-space PPPoE client. It manages an ADSL connection and reestablishes a dropped connection.
adsl-setup:
Is a PPPoE client configuration script. It is used for the adsl-start, adsl-stop and adsl-connect scripts.
adsl-start:
Starts the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
adsl-status:
Shows status of the PPPoE link that was established by the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
adsl-stop:
Stops the Roaring Penguin user-space PPPoE client.
afbconfig:
Configures AFB Graphics Accelerators and some X11 window defaults.
afm2tfm:
Used to convert an Adobe font metric file to TeX font metric format.
afslog:
Is used to gather AFS tokens for specified cells.
aixterm:
Is an enhanced terminal emulator for X-window.
ali:
Shows addresses for mail aliases.
ali:
Shows addresses for mail aliases.
alias:
Creates an alias for a command. If options aren't specified it will show all aliases.
aliasadm:
Manages NIS+ aliases maps.
allneeded:
Forces the calculation of all fonts that are needed to preview a set of dvi files.
alloc:
Shows how much memory is used and free.
alloc:
Shows how much memory is used and is free.
allocate:
Assigns and manages device allocation and ensures that each given device is used by only one user at a time.
alog:
Manages the systems log files.
alt_disk_install:
Installs or clones an mksysb image on an alternate disk.
amd:
Tries to automount a file system whenever a directory or file within it is accessed.
amq:
Is used to determine the current state of the amd program.
anacron:
Runs commands periodically
answer:
Is a utility that secretaries can use for easily creating emails while recieving a phone call.
answerbook:
Starts the AnswerBook browser where you can search for information online.
answerbook2:
Starts up a browser and show online documentation from an AnswerBook2 server.
answerbook2_admin:
Starts the Answerbook administration GUI interface in your default web browser and shows the URL http://localhost:8888 the management port for the AnswerBook server.
apm:
Shows power status and can configure the server in standby or suspend mode.
apm:
Shows the current power status or puts the system in standby or suspend mode.
apmd:
Is a monitor daemon and works together with the APM BIOS driver in the OS kernel.
apmd:
Monitors the APM pseudo-device and executes the actions requested by the apm command.
apmsleep:
Sets the computer in suspend or sleep mode.
appletviewer:
Executes Java applets outside the browser and shows them in a separate window.
apply:
Applies parameters to a specific command.
apply:
Runs the specified command once for every argument specified. A magic character followed by a number will be replaced by the remaining argument matching the number index.
appres:
Shows how much resources are used by a specific application.
appres:
Is used to show how many resources will be used by a specific application.
appres:
Shows how much resources a specific application will use.
apptrace:
Traces function calls that a specific program makes to shared libraries.
apropos:
Shows all manual pages that contain the specified keywords, including the section number and a short description.
ar:
Creates and updates library files. It combines files into a single archive file.
arch:
Shows the hardware architecture of the current host.
arch:
Is used to show the computers architecture.
arch:
Shows the hardware architecture of the current host. All SunOs 5.x SPARC based systems report as sun4.
arithmetic:
Is a simple math game that keeps track of progress and shows results after every twenty questions.
arithmetic:
Is a simple math game that keeps track of progress and shows results after every 20 questions.
arp:
Shows and alters the ARP table which is used to map MAC addresses to their assigned IP addresses.
arping:
Ppings the destination address using arp packets on the specified interface.
arpsnmp:
Saves the Ethernet/IP address pairings. Logs the activity to syslog and sends a report of the changes by e-mail.
arpwatch:
Saves the Ethernet/IP address pairs. Logs the activity to syslog and sends a report of the changes by e-mail
as:
Is an assembler that will create object files using assembly language source files as input.
as86:
Assembles code for the 8086 to 80386 processors.
asa:
Converts FORTRAN carriage control output to a printable format.
asa, fpr:
Converts FORTRAN carriage control output to an AIX line printer format.
asa, fpr:
Converts Fortran carriage control output to a printable format and sends it to STDOUT.
ascii-xfr:
Sends or receives files in ASCII mode.
aset:
Is a set of utilities used for security administration named Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET). Enables the administrator to analyze system files for permissions and attributes.
aset.restore:
Resets system files to the same state as they where before ASET was installed.
ash, bsh:
Is a shell similar to sh with similar features as system V shell.
askrunlevel:
Allows selection of the operation mode at boot time.
aspell:
Checks for misspelled words. It has filter for e-mail, sgml, and TeX.
aspell (2):
More options
aspppd:
Is a daemon that provides PPP services to connect to remote hosts. Automatically starts the connection when a PPP request is made.
aspppls:
Initiates the link manager to allow incoming calls. This command is the actual login service that connects the incoming client to aspppd daemon on the host server.
at:
Schedules commands to be executed at a later time.
atactl:
Is used to control standard IDE and ATA controller devices.
atd:
Runs jobs that are queued by at.
ate:
Is an asynchronous terminal emulation program.
atmstat:
Shows the status of ATM adapters.
atq:
Shows any queued at jobs for the current user or for a specified user.
atrm:
Removes jobs from the at or batch queues.
atrun:
Runs jobs that are queued by the at command to run later. It is used for backward compatibility.
atrun:
Runs jobs that are queued by the at command to run later.
audioctl:
Shows and sets driver variables for various audio systems.
audioplay:
Plays audio files and can copy a specified audio file to an audio device.
audiotool:
Records, plays and edits audio data. Used only in X-window.
audit:
Manages the way the audit daemon auditd performs.
audit:
Manages the behavior of the audit daemon auditd.
auditbin:
Is a daemon that manages bin files of audit information.
auditcat:
Is the subsystem of the audit command that writes records to trail files.
auditconfig:
Configures the audit parameters used by the kernel in order to use auditing.
auditconv:
Converts audit records from older OSes to AIX version 4 format.
auditd:
Is the daemon that manages auditing and uses the audit control file to set working environment.
auditmerge:
Merges two or more audit trail files into one single trail file.
auditpr:
Shows or prints audit records.
auditreduce:
Selects and merges audit records collected from audit trail files.
auditselect:
Shows all audit records that match the specified criteria.
auditstat:
Shows kernel audit statistics as well as other useful information about the kernel.
auditstream:
Copies records from the audit device to STDOUT in binary format.
authconfig:
Configures /etc/sysconfig/network to support NIS.
autoconf6:
Configures IPv6 network interfaces at startup.
autoexpect:
Inspects your actions in a command and creates an expect script that recreates your interactions.
autoload:
Marks the function for auto loading.
automount:
Installs mount points for automatic mounting upon requests from users. Uses automount maps to relate to each mount point that has been installed.
automount:
Installs mount points automatically upon user requests. It associates automount maps to an installed mount point.
automountd:
Is the daemon that manages mount and unmount requests made by the autofs kernel extension.
automountd:
Is the daemon that manages mount and unmount requests made by autofs.
autopush:
Configures a list of modules that will be automatically streamed when a device is opened.
autopush:
Configures a list of modules that will be automatically streamed when a device is opened.
avmcapictrl:
Configures active AVM ISA cards.
avmcapictrl(2):
Loads the firmware to an active AVM ISA card.
awk:
Scans the input file or files for lines that match the specified pattern in 'scriptstr' or from a file.
awk, nawk:
Scans the input file or files for lines that match the specified pattern in ' scriptstr ', or from a file.
backup:
Is a backup program that can backup file systems or files to a tape or a diskette.
bad144:
Shows or writes hard disk bad sector information in standard DEC 144 format.
badblocks:
Searches a device for bad blocks.
badsect:
Creates files over the bad sectors so that no other files can use the bad sectors.
banner:
Shows the specified strings in large letters on STDOUT.
basename:
Removes the prefix and suffix from a string and shows the output to STDOUT.
bash:
Is the GNU Bourne-again shell. It's compatible with the Bourne shell, with additional functions from Korn and C-shell.
bash, sh:
Is a free version of Bourne-shell with many features from C- TC- and Korn shell.
bashbug:
Creates and sends bug reports about the bash shell to the address specified.
batch:
Executes commands at a future time when the system load level permits. The commands is read from STDIN.
battery:
Shows battery information.
bc:
Reads a file or STDIN and uses a C-like arithmetic language. Acts as a pre-processor for the command dc.
bcc:
It is the Bruce's C compiler. A simple C compile that use K&R C syntax.
bdconfig:
Configures the SunButtons and SunDials stream, autopush facility, and the serial device to use with the stream.
bdes:
Encrypts or decrypts from STDIN to STDOUT. It uses the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
bdftopcf:
Compiles a font for the X server and the font server. It converts BDF-fonts into PCF-fonts.
bdiff:
Compares files that are too large for the command diff.
bdiff:
Compares files that are too large for the command diff.
bellmail:
Shows or sends messages to users in the system.
bf:
Shows the amount of memory an application is using.
bffcreate:
Creates backup files of an installation image in bff format to support software installations.
bfrpt:
Shows output from the bf command in a readable format.
bfs:
Scans big files to identify sections. Supports all command operators from the command ed.
bfs:
Scans big files to identify sections and can be used like ed. Default it will show the size of the file.
bg:
Places the specified job in the background.
bicheck:
Checks the syntax for bosinst.data files that have been modified by a user.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, shows the current status.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, it will show the current status.
biff:
Enables or disables mail notification. If no arguments are used, shows the current status.
bind:
Shows or binds key sequence to readline function or macro.
bind:
Shows or bind key sequences to a readline function or macro.
binder:
Binds applications, print methods, icons, colors or open methods to files.
bindkey:
Binds keys to an edit command. All bindings will be shown if no options is specified.
bindkey:
Binds keys to an edit command in the shell. Without any options, shows all bindings.
bindprocessor:
Shows processors, or handles kernel thread bindings of a process.
biod:
Is a daemon that manages client requests for files over NFS.
bison:
Generates a parser program for specified grammar file.
bltin:
Runs the internal command in the shell.
boot:
Loads the system kernel, sets console baud rate and runs various machine-dependent commands.
bootinfo:
Shows boot information.
bootlist:
Manages the boot order in the system.
bootparamd:
Is a daemon that provides necessary information to diskless clients for booting. It searches the bootparams database or the /etc/bootparams file.
bootpd:
Sets up the Internet Boot Protocol server.
bootpd:
Is the Internet Bootstrap Protocol server.
bootpef:
Builds BOOTP extension files.
bootpgw:
Acts as a gateway between subnets and forwards BOOTP requests and replies.
bootptest:
Tests a BOOTP server. It listens for responses on the requests sent.
bootptodhcp:
Converts between bootp and dhcp, or removes bootp entries from a dhcp configuration file.
bosboot:
Copies or creates a boot image.
bosdebug:
Enables, disables, or shows the status of debugging information on the system.
brconfig:
Shows and controls bridge interfaces.
break:
Exits from a for, foreach, while, select or until loop.
bs:
"Compiles and interprets smaller programs
bsh:
"Invokes the Bourne shell
bterm:
Is a bidirectional terminal emulator.
bugfiler:
Stores bug reports in a mail directory.
builtin:
Forces the use of a shell that builtin commands.
builtin:
Forces the use of a shell built-in command.
builtins:
Shows all built-in commands in tcsh.
builtins:
Shows all built-in commands in tcsh.
bunzip2:
Decompresses bzip2 files.
bunzip2:
Decompresses bzip2 compressed files.
burst:
Allows a message to be split into several new messages.
burst:
Allows a message to be split into several new messages.
busstat:
Collects statistics and show buss performance counters.
bye:
Leaves the shell. It's the same as exit.
bzcat:
Decompresses a bzip2 file to STDOUT.
bzcat:
Decompresses a bzip2 compressed file to STDOUT.
bzip2:
Compresses, decompresses or tests bzip2 files.
bzip2:
Is used to compress, decompress or test bzip2 files.
bzip2recover:
Recovers data from a damaged bzip2 compressed file.
bzip2recover:
Recovers data from a damaged bzip2 compressed file.
c++:
Is a complete compiler for C, C++, and assembler.
c++:
Is a complete compiler for C, C++ and Assembler.
c++filt:
Organizes the C++ symbols.
c++filt:
Organizes the C++ symbols.
c2ph, pstruct:
Translates C code to Perl code.
cachefslog:
Shows where the statistics for CacheFS are being logged. Can also redirects logs to another location, or stop logging.
cachefslog:
Shows where the statistics for CacheFS are logged. Can also redirect the log or stop logging altogether.
cachefspack:
Compresses or decompresses files and file systems located in cache.
cachefsstat:
Shows various cache statistics like hits and misses about a cache file system that is mounted on a particular path.
cachefswssize:
Shows the workspace size and the total cache size statistics for the cache log file specified. Shows how much cache is needed for each file system that is mounted under the cache.
cachefswssize:
Shows the workspace size and the total cache size statistics for the specified cache log file.
caesar:
Is used to decipher caesar crypto by reading from STDIN and showing the results to STDOUT.
cal:
Shows the calendar for a selected month in the year, or the entire year.
calctool:
Is a graphic desktop calculator that you can use with the mouse or the keyboard.
calendar:
Reads from the calendar file and shows any scheduled events.
calendar:
Reads from the default calendar file or from a specified one and shows any scheduled events.
calendar:
Reads your calendar file and shows any notes that you have entered for today and tomorrow.
cancel:
Kills print requests to the lp command. It stops print requests related to a specified queue or printer.
cancel:
Terminates a printer job.
cancel:
Kills print requests to printers or printerpools. It stops print requests related to the user name on any host or specifies a print request to stop.
canonls:
Processes one or more troff command output for the Canon LASER SHOT in LIPS III mode.
captoinfo:
Searches file for termcap descriptions and shows the equivalent terminfo description with any comments.
capture:
Takes a screen dump of a terminal.
cap_mkdb:
Creates a hashed capability database out of the termcap or terminfo logical databases.
cardctl:
Administers and controls the state of PCMCIA sockets.
cardmgr:
Manages and monitors PCMCIA card sockets and does automatic installation/uninstallation.
case:
Matches each pattern successively against the word and run the commands when the first match is found.
cat:
Shows files and can also combine several files into one file.
catman:
Creates and manages the manual pages. It also creates and manages the windex database, which contains a short description of the commands.
catman:
Creates and manages the manual pages and the windex database that contains short command descriptions.
cb:
Reads the C source codes from STDIN or specified files and writes the code in a structured way to STDOUT.
cc:
Is the C and C++ Compiler for Linux. See gcc or g++ for complete information.
cc:
Is the C and C++ compiler for BSD. See gcc or g++ for complete information.
cc:
Works as an interface for the BSD Compatibility Package C compiler. It only works if the SPROcc development package is installed.
cccp:
Is a macro processor used to transform a program before compilation. Mainly used by the C compiler.
ccdconfig:
Configures concatenated disk devices.
cd, chdir:
Changes the working directory. If no directory is specified $HOME is used.
cdc, sccs-cdc:
Alters the delta commentary of an SCCS delta. It can also be used to explain the commentary.
cdecl:
Encodes or decodes C or C++ type declarations.
cdio:
Is a CD audio player.
cdp, cdplay:
Controls and plays audio CDs interactively or non interactively.
cdparanoia:
Reads audio tracks from a CD-ROM drive that is CDDA compatible.
cdrecord:
Records data or audio to a CD-ROM with the specified CD recorder.
certpatch:
Adds subjectAltname to a PEM certificate. Signs the certificate with the signing key after the addition.
cfdisk:
Controls and alters partitions on hard disk drives by use of interactive menus.
cfgif:
Manages network interface instances in the system configuration database.
cfginet:
Manages configuration of Internet instances and their interface instances.
cfgmgr:
Configures devices and installs device software by running the programs specified in the Configuration Rules object class.
cfgqos:
Manages the quality of service instances.
cflow:
Analyzes the C and C++ and object files, and generates a flow graph of external references to STDOUT.
cfsadmin:
Is a disk space administration utility for use with the cache File System (cacheFS).
cfsadmin:
Is a disk space administration utility for use with the Cache File System (CacheFS).
chage:
Alters or shows the user password expiry information for the specified user.
chargefee:
Is an accounting command used to charge units to a login.
chargefee:
Is an accounting command that is used to charge units to a login.
charset:
Changes one of the two slots for character sets.
chat:
Controls a conversation automatically between two computers over a modem connection.
chat:
Is an automated chat program doing conversational exchange between the computer and the modem.
chattr:
Alters the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
chauthent:
Manages the authentication method for the system.
chclass:
Manages workload management classes.
chcons:
Redirects the system console to a specified device or file. The change is effective on the next startup of the system, and does not affect the current console system operation.
chdev:
Changes the characteristics of a specified device, whether the device is in a defined, stopped, or available state.
chdisp:
Changes the default display to use with the system.
chdoclang:
Manages documentation language.
chdsmitd:
Manages a domain from the DSMIT member list.
check-hostname:
Checks to see if the host has a fully qualified host name which is needed by sendmail.
check-permissions:
Checks permissions on sendmail files. Warns if permissions are not safe.
checkalias:
Shows information about mail aliases.
checkcw:
Manages the balance between left and right delimiters and .CW and .CN pairs.
checkeq:
Creates a report of wrong or lost delimiters and equation start/end markers (EQ/EN). This is useful when you use the eqn and neqn language processors on a text file.
checkeq:
Creates a report of wrong or lost delimiters and equation start/end markers (EQ/EN).
checkmm:
Checks documents formatted with memorandum macros, checks syntax errors in files prepared for mm or mmt.
checknr:
Checks nroff or troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checknr:
Checks nroff or troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checknr:
Checks nroff and troff files for errors such as missing delimiters and unknown commands.
checkpc:
Administers information about entries in the printcap database.
chfilt:
Manages filter rule definitions in a filter rule table.
chflags:
Changes the flags/attributes for the specified files.
chfn:
Is an interactive utility that changes a user's finger information.
chfn:
Changes your finger information.
chfont:
Changes the default font selected at boot time. You must have root authority to run this command.
chfs:
Changes specified attributes of a file system.
chgif:
Changes the configuration of a network interface instance.
chginet:
Changes the configuration for Internet instances.
chgroup:
Changes attributes for groups.
chgrp:
Sets or changes the group ID for the file or files specified.
chgrpmem:
Changes the administrators or members of a group.
chhwkbd:
Changes keyboard attributes stored in the ODM database.
chio:
Is a tool for controlling medium changers.
chitab:
Changes records in the /etc/inittab file.
chkbd:
Changes the software keyboard map to be loaded into the system at the next initial program load.
chkconfig:
Administers runlevel information for system services.
chkey:
Creates a new encryption key, asks for a password, and tells the ypupdated daemon to update the /etc/publickey file.
chkey:
Alters a user's secret key pair and secure RPC public key.
chkfontpath:
Configures the directories in the X font server path.
chlang:
Manages language settings for the system or for a user.
chlicense:
Changes the status of user-floating licensing for the system and changes the number of user-fixed licenses.
chlv:
Is used to manage characteristics of a logical volume.
chlvcopy:
Manages mirror copies on a logical volume.
chmaster:
Runs the ypinit command and restarts the NIS daemons to change a master server.
chmod:
Alters or assigns permissions to a file.
chnamsv:
Manages TCP/IP based name service configuration on a host, but does not change the name server database.
chnfs:
Manages how many biod and nfsd daemons to start.
chnfsexp:
Manages export settings for directories to NFS clients.
chnfsmnt:
Manages mount settings for a directory on an NFS server.
chown:
Alters the ownership ID of files and also sets the group ID if it is specified.
chpass, chfn, chsh:
Manages user databases, allowing editing of the information within.
chpasswd:
Updates the passwords for a group of users with name and password pairs from STDIN.
chprtsv:
Manages print service configurations.
chps:
Changes attributes of a paging space.
chpv:
Changes the characteristics of a physical volume in a volume group.
chque:
Changes the queue name in the config file.
chquedev:
Changes the queue device names of printer or plotter.
chrole:
Manages role attributes.
chroot:
Alters the root directory for a command.
chsec:
Changes the attributes in the security stanza files.
chserver:
Alters a subserver definition in the subserver object class.
chservices:
Manages the /etc/services file.
chsh:
Changes the login shell for the current user or for the specified user.
chsh:
Changes your login shell.
chslave:
Reruns the ypinit command to retrieve maps from a master server and restarts the ypserv daemon to change the slave server.
chssys:
Manages subsystem definitions in the subsystem object class.
chsubserver:
Manages the contents of the /etc/inetd.conf file.
chtcb:
Changes or queries the specified trusted computing base attribute of a file.
chtun:
Changes the tunnel definition between a local host and a partner host.
chtz:
Manages the TZ environment variable in the /etc/environment file.
chuser:
Changes the user attribute identified by the name. Manipulates local user data only.
chvfs:
Changes entries in the /etc/vfs file.
chvg:
Specifies characteristics of a volume group, and specifies if the group is automatically activated at system startup.
chvirprt:
Changes the attribute values of a virtual printer.
chvt:
Changes foreground virtual screen.
chypdom:
Changes the current domain name of the system.
ci:
Stores revisions in the specified revision control system files.
ci:
Creates and stores revisions in the specified revision control system files.
cjpeg:
Creates a JPEG/JFIF image from a specified image file or from STDIN.
ckdate:
Prompts the user for a date format and then verifies the response.
ckgid:
Prompts the user for a group ID and verifies the answer.
ckint:
Prompts the user for an integer and then verifies the answer.
ckitem:
Creates a menu and then prompts the user to select a menu option that will then be verified. Use this to define prompt, help, and error messages, and to define a default value.
ckkeywd:
Prompts the user for a keyword and then verifies the response.
ckpacct:
Sets the maximum file size for the process accounting file.
ckpacct:
Sets the maximum file size for the process accounting file.
ckpath:
Prompts the user for a path and verify the answer.
ckprereq:
Checks whether the system level is compatible with the software being installed or updated.
ckstr:
Prompts the user for a response and verifies the answer.
cksum:
Calculates the checksum (CRC) and number of octets for each input file.
cktime:
Prompts the user for a time format and then verifies the response.
ckuid:
Prompts the user for a valid user name and verifies the answer.
ckyorn:
Prompts the user for a yes or a no and verifies the answer.
clear:
Clears the screen of all information if not disabled by your terminal environment.
clear_locks:
Removes file, record and share locks that were made by an NFS client.
clinfo:
Shows information about the cluster configuration on the node the command was executed.
clockdiff:
Measures clock difference between computers with the resolution of 1 msec.
closewtmp:
Places a false DEAD_PROCESS record into the file /var/adm/wtmp for each user logged in. It is then used by the command runacct to track each users connection time.
clri:
Is used to clear inodes by writing zeros as the inode number.
clri, dcopy:
Clears inodes by writing zeros on the specified inode number.
cm:
Is the OpenWindows calendar manager. Useful in many ways as a reminder and scheduler.
cmap_alloc:
Creates custom color maps for X11 clients that need to run programs that can not use the default color map.
cmap_compact:
Reduces color map flashing by assigning color values towards the high end of 255 in the default color map.
cmdtool:
Opens an enhanced terminal window that is used to run programs or shells.
cmp:
Compares two files of any type and shows the line number and byte where the files differ.
cm_delete:
Removes an appointments from the cm Calendar Manager.
cm_insert:
Inserts an appointment into the cm Calendar Manager.
cm_lookup:
Finds your appointments in the cm Calendar Manager.
co:
Checks out a revision from a RCS file and stores it in the corresponding working file.
co:
Checks out a revision from a RCS file and stores it in the corresponding working file.
codepage:
Extracts code pages from a file.
col:
Converts spaces to Tabs or Tabs to spaces in text files to create or modify columns.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines when filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colcrt:
Removes underlines or shows them on new lines filtering the nroff file for a CRT preview.
colorchooser:
Allows you to change colors of icons for use in an X window environment.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
colrm:
Deletes selected columns from a file reading from STDIN to STDOUT.
column:
Formats input into multiple columns.
column:
Formats input into multiple columns.
comb:
Creates a script that is used to recreate and combine older versions of SCCS files, s.files.
comb, sccs-comb:
Creates a script that re-creates and combines older versions of SCCS files, s.files. All changes are saved in deltas, together with a version identification line (SID).
combine:
Combines images together with new image.
comm:
Compares two files and shows you the unique and common lines from both files.
command:
Executes the command and will disable lookup functions in the current shell. Can also give information on how the command will be interpreted by the shell.
comp:
Creates a mail message with a preconfigured form.
comp:
Creates a mail message with a preconfigured form.
compgen:
Generates possible completion matches for the specified word according to the option.
compile_et:
Compiles error tables, converting them to a C source file usable with the com_err library.
complete:
Declares how a command should be completed. Use the Tab key to perform the completion on the command line.
complete:
Declares how a command should be completed.
compress:
Compresses the size of a file and replaces the old file with a new file with the extension .Z. The new file will inherit the same permissions and modification times from the original file
comsat:
Is a daemon that listens to the datagram port for any reports of incoming mail, and then notifies any users who have asked to be told of the mail delivery.
comsat:
Is the daemon that listens to the datagram port for any reports of incoming mail and notifies users.
comsat, in.comsat:
Listens for incoming mail and notifies users that have asked to be told when new mail comes (biff y).
confer:
Starts an online conferancing system. The participants must type joinconf at the command line to join the conferance.
config:
Creates kernel compilation directories and allows kernel configuration.
conflict:
Reports conflicts between nmh and the transport system. Reports maildrops that are not owned by a user found on the system, or if a user owns more than one maildrop.
conflict:
Reports conflicts between nmh and the mail transport system.
consadm:
Shows console messages to the terminal or screen specifed. Can show messages on many screens at one time.
consolechars:
Changes console screen font, screenfont map, and / or application-charset map.
consolehelper:
Authenticates users via PAM and runs the program specified including any options the command may have.
consoletype:
Shows the screen (console) type that is currently connected to STDIN.
constype:
Shows the type of Sun console you are using by showing the Sun code.
continue:
Doesn't run the remaining commands in the loop and continue to the next iteration. Can be used in the commands for, while, until, select and foreach.
convert:
Converts image formats, colors, sizes, creates filter effects, rotations, sequences, and more.
conv_lp:
Converts line printer configuration from a directory to an output file.
conv_lpd:
Converts LPD configuration files between the printers.conf and the printcap formats.
coreadm:
Manages the core files in the system.
cp:
Copies files and directories to a new destination.
cpio:
Copies files into and out of a cpio archive. It operates in three different modes.
cplv:
Manages copying from one logical volume to another logical volume.
cpp:
Is a C language preprocessor that insert include files in the source code of the source file creating a single file.
cproto:
Creates C function prototypes and converts function definitions.
cpustat:
Collects CPU statistics and shows performance counters.
cputrack:
Uses CPU counters to monitor how a process behaves on the system.
cpu_state:
Manages which processors on a multiprocessor system will be active on the next restart.
crash:
Examines the image of the system memory of a currently running or crashed system. If no image file is specified, the current system is examined.
crash:
Examines the image of the system memory of a currently running or crashed system.
createdb:
Creates databases on a postgres server.
createlang:
Adds new programming languages to the specified postgres database.
createuser:
Creates users in a postgres database.
crfs:
Adds a file system on a logical volume to a previously created volume group.
crle:
Creates and displays runtime linking configuration files. If used with no or the -c option, it displays the configuration file. Otherwise, a new file is created.
cron, crond:
Starts the cron daemon used to execute commands at scheduled dates and times specified in the crontab file.
cronadm:
Shows or removes crontab or at jobs specified by parameters.
crontab:
Views, creates, deletes, or edits the crontab file which contains a list of jobs including the time and date they will execute. If option isn't given read from STDIN.
crvfs:
Creates entries in the /etc/vfs file.
crypt:
Encrypts or decrypts a file. Uses STDIN and STDOUT.
csh:
Is the C-shell command interpreter, which uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csh:
Is the C-shell command interpreter that uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csh:
Is the C shell command interpreter, which uses a syntax similar to the C language.
csplit:
Splits all or part of a file into other files in the way specified with the arguments.
csplit:
Splits whole or parts of a file into new files.
csplit:
Splits all or part of a file into other files in the way specified by your arguments.
ct:
Dials up a terminal modem trying each line listed in /etc/uucp/Devices until an available line is found, and initiates a login process to that terminal.
ct:
Dials a phone number to a terminal modem and initiates a login process to that terminal.
ctags, etags:
Inserts tags into programming source code files f that can act as markers making it easier to find section headings quickly and edit them using ex or vi.
ctlmp:
Generates a PostScript format version from text files. Use it when you want to print text files.
ctm:
Creates backup files by creating a delta between two directories.
ctm_dequeue:
Sends all messages in the specified queue directory.
ctm_rmail:
Decodes and reassembles delta files from mail files. Is used to send and receive ctm deltas via mail.
ctm_smail:
Splits the specified delta file into multiple mail files. Is used to send and receive ctm deltas via mail.
ctrlaltdel:
Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del buttons used when rebooting a computer.
cu:
Connects to a remote computer or acts as a dial-in terminal.
cu:
Connects you to a remote computer or acts as a dial-in terminal.
cu:
Connects to a terminal on another UNIX system or even a non-UNIX system
cursor:
Sets the cursor shape in a console virtual screen system.
custom:
Enables users to customize X applications.
cut:
Selects fields or columns from a text file or a table and shows the result to STDOUT.
cvs:
Is a version control and logging system for files or directory tree structures including any versionable files.
cvs:
Is a version control and logging system for files or directory tree structures including any versionable files.
cvsbug:
Sends a CVS problem report to a central support site that runs GNATS.
cvsbug:
Sends a CVS problem report to a central support site that runs GNATS.
cw:
Will preprocess specific troff files containing English language text, for typesetting with the constant width font.
cxref:
Creates a C and C++ program cross-reference listing, and writes to STDOUT a listing of all symbols in the processed files.
cytune:
Configures the interruption threshold for the Cyclades driver.
dadmin:
Used by the administrator to locally or remotely query and modify the status of the DHCP servers? databases.
date:
Shows current date and time or sets the date and time on your computer.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with user names and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with user names and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbmmanage:
Manages DBM files with usernames and passwords to authenticate HTTP users.
dbx:
Is a debug program for C, C++, Pascal and FORTRAN.
dc:
Is a calculator that use reverse-polish notation. It use a stack to performs calculations.
dd:
Copies and converts an input file to an output file.
ddate:
Shows the date in the discordian date format.
deallocate:
Disables access of a device for a user.
deallocvt:
Disconnects the specified virtual terminal or terminals.
debugfs:
Debugs the ext2 file system specified.
defaultbrowser:
Launches the default Web browser and optionally loads a specified URL.
defragfs:
Increases a file system's contiguous free space by reorganizing scattered allocations.
deleteX11input:
Removes an X11 input extension record from the ODM database.
delta:
Saves the changes made to an original SCCS file and creates a new delta ID for that version.
delta, sccs-delta:
Saves the changes made to an original SCCS file and creates a new deltaID for that version. The SCCS utilities is a programming feature that helps to keep track of changes and versions.
depmod:
Controls dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules.
deroff:
Removes command constructs made by nroff, troff, tbl or eqn from the specified files.
deroff:
Removes macro calls, requests, table descriptions, and backslashes from nroff, troff, tbl, eqn, or text files.
deroff:
Removes macro calls, requests, table descriptions, and backslash constructs from the specified nroff, troff, tbl, eqn, or text files and shows the result to STDOUT.
devattr:
Shows the attribute values for a device.
devfree:
Frees a device from exclusive use that was assigned exclusive use by the devreserv command.
devfsadm:
Is used to create, update, and configure any /dev or /devices entries in the system.
devfsadmd:
Manages any device configuration done by the command devfsadm.
devfseventd:
Manages services for kernel event notification used by the devfsadmd command.
devinfo:
Is used to show device specific and device partition information.
devinstall:
Will installs software support for devices added after the initial OS installation.
devlinks:
Creates /dev entries for various devices by creating symbolic links between the /dev directory tree and the device nodes in the /devices tree.
devnm:
Shows the location where a device is mounted.
devnm:
Shows the location where the device is mounted.
devreserv:
Reserves devices for exclusive use. To remove the reservation, use the devfree command.
dev_mkdb:
Creates the /dev directory from the database /var/run/dev.db.
df:
Shows used and free disk space for all file system or the one specified.
dfmounts:
Shows information about mounted devices.
dfsck:
Checks and fixes two different drives file systems at the same time. Uses different options for each file system.
dfshares:
Shows list of shared resources available from remote or local systems.
dga:
Tests video modes for X-window by filling the screen with different colors each time a key is pressed.
dga:
Tests video modes for X-window by filling the screen with different colors each time a key is pressed.
dhclient:
Configures network interfaces to use DHCP.
dhcpaction:
Is used as a configurable script that runs every time a client updates its lease.
dhcpagent:
Is the client daemon for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
dhcpcd:
Requests an IP address from a DHCP server connected to the same network that your system is on.
dhcpcd:
Manages requests for an IP address from a DHCP server.
dhcpconfig:
Starts the DHCP service configuration utility.
dhcpd:
It is a DHCP server that serves hosts with IP addresses on the network.
dhcpinfo:
Shows DHCP information that is configured on your host and your network interfaces.
dhcpmgr:
Is a graphical user interface used to manage the DHCP service on the local system.
dhcprd:
Is used to manage forwarding of BOOTP and DHCP packets off the local network.
dhcpsconf:
Is a GUI that will help you configure your DHCP server.
dhcpsd:
Starts a DHCP server.
dhcrelay:
Forwards BOOTP and DHCP requests from one subnet to another subnet.
dhcrelay:
Forwards BOOTP/DHCP requests from a subnet whitout a DHCP server to a subnet that has a DHCP server.
dhtadm:
Manages the DHCP configuration table.
diag:
Is a diagnostic program that is used to perform hardware problem determination.
dialog:
Shows boxes containing questions or messages from the shell.
diction:
Is used to highlight messy sentences.
diff:
Compares two text files in every line.
diff3:
Compares the difference between three files.
diffmk:
Compares two versions of a troff input file and then creates a third file.
diffmk:
Compares two versions of a troff input file and then creates a third file.
diffstat:
Creates statistic histograms from diff output.
dig:
Gathers information from the DNS servers in interactive or batch mode.
dig:
Gathers information from the DNS servers in interactive or batch mode.
dip:
Controls dial-up or dial-in PPP connections. It dials using a specified dial-up script.
diplogin:
Specifies the user name to login to the dial-in server that exists in the file /etc/diphosts.
dir:
Shows files in the current directory or a specified directory.
dircmp:
Compares the differences between two directories and shows a file listing of unique files.
dircmp:
Compares two directories and shows a file list of the differences between them (unique files).
dircolors:
Shows or sets LS_COLORS environment variable.
dirname:
Shows everything up to the last level of the given path name.
dirs:
Shows the directory stack with the most recent one to the left.
dis:
Reads an object file and creates a list of assembly statements. The binary data is shown in octal or hexadecimal.
disable:
Disables the specified printer from receiving additional print jobs sent using the lp command.
disable:
Disables the printer specified from receiving additional print jobs sent by using the lpcommand.
disable:
Disables names in the hash table. If no option is given, shows all disabled names.
disklabel:
Shows, installs or modifies a hard disk label. Information in the disk label is used by the operating system.
disks:
Creates /dev entries for hard disks attached to the system.
diskusg:
Will create disk accounting data by user ID, and writes one record per user to STDOUT.
dislocate:
Disconnects a session without logging off to enable you to reconnect to the same session from another location.
disown:
Removes the specified job from the active job list.
disown:
Removes the specified job from the active job list.
dispadmin:
Shows or changes the parameters of the process scheduler on a running system.
dispgid:
Shows a list of all the available groups that are defined on the system, one group per line.
display:
Shows images on the screen in X-window. Multiple images can be shown.
dispuid:
Shows a simple list of all valid user names on the system, one line per name.
djpeg:
Decompresses the JPEG file specified and creates an image file on the STDOUT.
dmesg:
Examines and controls the kernel ring buffer
dmesg:
Is a tool for viewing the contents of the system message buffer.
dmesg:
Shows diagnostic messages on STDOUT.
dminfo:
Shows updates and information about a device in the device_maps file.
dnsdomainname:
Shows the domain that you are in.
dnskeygen:
Creates and maintains public, private, and shared secret keys for DNS servers.
dnsquery:
Shows information about nameservers through BIND resolver library calls.
dnsquery:
Shows information about nameservers through BIND resolver library calls.
docsearch:
Runs a search program for AIX documentation files in the global library through a Web browser window.
docviewer:
Is an X window application used to view Answer Book online documentation.
dodisk:
"Runs disk accounting functions
dodisk:
Runs disk accounting functions and is normally started by the cron command.
doexec:
Runs a specified command showing it with another name passing the arguments provided.
domainname:
Sets or shows the domain your system is configured for.
dos2unix:
Converts text files from DOS format into the ISO standard format. With this you can import your old DOS textfiles.
dosdel:
Deletes DOS files.
dosdir:
Shows the directory for DOS files.
dosformat:
Formats a DOS diskette.
dosfsck, fsck.msdos:
Checks a DOS file system; can also be used to fix damaged DOS file systems.
dosread:
Copies files between DOS and AIX.
doswrite:
Is used to copy files between AIX and DOS.
download:
Adds host resident fonts to files, and shows results on the STDOUT.
dp:
Converts dates fitting the ARPA Internet standard (822-format).
dp:
Converts dates fitting the ARPA Internet standard (822 format).
dpost:
Converts files that have been created by troff into PostScript files and shows the result on STDOUT.
drm_admin:
Administers servers based on the Data Replication Manager.
dropdb:
Removes a postgres database specified from the system.
droplang:
Connects to a postgres database and removes a selected programming language.
dropuser:
Connects to a postgres database and removes the specified user.
drvconfig:
Configures the /devices directory.
dscreen:
Enables the physical terminal to connect to multiple screens or virtual sessions. A.K.A the Dynamic Screen utility.
dsdm:
Manages drag-and-drop operations in an X window environment for databases.
dspcat:
Shows all or specific messages in a message catalog.
dspmsg:
Shows a specified message from a message catalog or a default message supplied as a parameter, on STDOUT.
ds_reg:
Is a registration tool for documentation library service files.
ds_server_init:
Reduces color map flashing within applications that requires colors by restricting applications to use colors.
dtaction:
Allows non-CDE applications and shell scripts to be run in the X window environment.
dtbuilder:
Makes it easier for developers to create applications that work well in the CDE.
dtchooser:
Allows the user to choose host to login to. Is used by dtlogin and is not intended to run manually.
dtcodegen:
Creates C, Motif, and CDE source code files from Builder Interface Language (BIL) files.
dtconfig:
Integrates CDE with the operating system.
dtconvertvf:
Converts VUE 3.0 action file-type database files into CDE 1.0 format. For the files to be recognized by CDE, the files must be named with .dt extension.
dtcreate:
Creates actions and data types used to integrate applications into the CDE.
dterror.ds:
Shows error messages from applications or actions that cannot be shown in the context of the executable program.
dtexec:
Executes command actions. Is mostly used by the CDE and should not be started by users.
dtfile:
Is the CDE File Manager. It is used to view, and manage files in the file system.
dtfile:
Is the CDE file manager. It is used to view, and manage the file system.
dtfile_copy:
Copies folders and subfolders with their content to the target folder. It deletes a file in the target folder if that file does not exist in the source folder.
dtfile_error:
Shows an error dialog based on the specified message.
dtksh:
This is a CDE extended version of the Korn shell. It gives access to many X, Xt, Xm, and CDE functions.
dtlp:
Prints out a file specified. Is a command-line front-end to lp.
dtmail:
Is a mail utility to read, send, and manage mail. It supports MIME, and Sun Mail Tool message formats, as well as IMAP4, to access remote mailboxes.
dtpad:
Edits text files in the CDE environment.
dtpower:
Manages system power.
dtprintinfo:
Shows the print queue and print job status.
dtscreen:
Is the CDE screen saver utility.
dtsearchpath:
Sets the search paths for where the desktop is to look for application manager groups, filetypes and action definitions.
dtstyle:
Manages desktop styles.
dtterm:
Emulates a screen window. VALUE is always a minus (-) or a plus (+) symbol. Default is always the plus symbol except when using the -aw, -J, or -sb option.
dtwm:
Is the CDE Window manager, which is based on the OSF/Motif window manager mwm.
du:
Shows disk usage for a directory and its subdirectories.
dump:
Takes selected parts of an object, archive, or executable file and dumps them.
dump:
Takes selected parts of the object file arguments and dumps them.
dump, rdump:
Is a backup program that examines files in an ext2 file system and determines if the files need to be backed up.
dump, rdump:
Is a backup program that examines your ext2 file system and determine which files to be backed up.
dumpadm:
Configures the crash dump of the operating system.
dumpcs:
Shows the printable characters of the current locale.
dumpe2fs:
Shows the super block and blocks group information of a file system present on a device.
dumpfs:
Shows information about a specified device or file system.
dumpfs:
Shows information about a device or a file system specified.
dumpkeys:
Shows the contents of the keyboard translation tables on STDOUT.
dumpkeys:
Shows the contents of the keyboard translation tables on STDOUT.
e:
Is used to start the INed full-screen editor.
e2fsck, fsck.ext2:
Checks Linux second extended file systems.
e2label:
Shows or changes the label of an ext2 filesystem.
echo:
Copies the written string to the screen. Exist as internal in all shells.
echotc:
Exercises the terminal capabilities arguments.
echotc:
Is used to exercise the terminal capabilities arguments.
ecpg:
Is a preprocessor for embedded SQL code within C and Postgres programs.
ed:
Is a line based editor. It is often used to edit files automatically in a script.
edit:
Is just a simple line editor.
edit:
Is a line based text editor for casual users. It works like ex with novice, report, and showmode set to on.
edquota:
Manages user quotas for a ufs file system.
eeprom:
Show or changes the values of parameters in the EEPROM.
egrep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern using full regular expressions.
eiconctrl:
Configures active Eicon ISDN cards.
eject:
Ejects floppies and CDs from their drives. Works for VM managed devices and devices without eject buttons.
eject:
Ejects a magnetic tape.
eject:
Ejects floppies and CD's from their drives. Only works for VM-managed devices and devices without eject buttons.
elf2olf:
Converts the specified ELF version module into the default OLF object module format.
elfdump:
Shows information from selected parts of an object file.
elksemu:
Emulates 8086 ELKS programs on an i386.
elm:
Is an interactive mailer program that takes the place of mail and mailx.
elmalias:
Shows information on specified elm aliases.
emacs:
Edits text files, read and send mail, perform outline edits, compiles and run subshells.
emulate:
Emulates other shells with Z-shell. C-shell will not be fully emulated.
enable:
Enables printers to accept print requests from the lp command. Runs only on the print server.
enable:
Enables or disables internal commands.
enable:
Enables printers to print requests from the lp command. Runs only on the print server.
enable:
Enables or disables bash internal commands.
encrypt:
Shows the encrypted form of the string to the STDOUT.
enq:
Enqueues and manages requests to a shared resource, such as a printer device.
enroll:
Is used to create a password that can be used to implement a secure communication channel.
entstat:
Is used to show statistics from the Ethernet device and it's driver.
env:
Alters the current environment and invokes a utility or shows the current environment.
eqn, geqn:
Preprocesses files for troff which contain mathematics equations.
errclear:
Deletes entries from the error log file that are older than the specified number of days.
errdead:
Extracts error records from a system dump file and adds them to the error log.
errdemon:
Starts the error logging daemon.
errinstall:
Is used to add messages into the error logging message sets.
erritem:
Shows error messages that are used with the command ckitem.
errlogger:
Creates an operator error log entry that contains an operator message.
errmsg:
Is used to add a message into the errorlog message catalog.
error:
Is used to insert compiler error messages into a source file.
error:
Inserts compiler error messages into a source file.
errpt:
Processes and generates a report from entries in an error log.
errstop:
Stops the error logging daemon.
errupdate:
Is used to manage entries in the error record template repository.
eval:
Reads the argument as input to the shell and runs the resulting commands.
ex, e:
Is a line base text editor. It is able to work on several files at the same time.
exec:
Runs a command in place of the current shell. Usually another shell.
execerror:
Writes error messages to STDERR, executed by an exec subroutine when load of a program is unsuccessful.
exit:
Exits a shell or shell script with an exit status
expand:
Replaces Tabs with spaces in text files. If no input files are specified STDIN will be used.
expect:
Is used to automatically control interactive programs. It acts by reading commands from a file.
expectk:
Is used to automatically control interactive programs. Is the same as expect, With Tk support.
expfilt:
Exports filter rules to a text file that can be used by the command impfilt.
explain:
Is an interactive thesaurus for english language phrases.
export:
Exports a shell variable to environment.
exportfs:
Translates exportfs options to share/unshare commands. Without options it shows a list of shared NFS file systems.
exportfs:
Controls the exported file system table for NFS.
exportfs:
Translates exportfs options to share/unshare commands. Without options it shows a list of all currently shared NFS file systems.
exportvg:
Is used to export a volume group.
expr:
Evaluates an expression and show the result to STDOUT.
exptun:
Is used to export a tunnel definition.
exstr:
Extracts strings from source files written in the C language surrounded by double quotes.
extcompose:
Creates a file containing a reference to external files on the computer.
extendlv:
Is used to increase the size of a logical volume.
extendvg:
Is used to increase the number of disks in a volume group by adding a physical volume to the volume group.
ext_srvtab:
Reads service key files from Kerberos key distribution center database.
f:
Shows user information about users currently logged in to a host (same as the finger command).
face:
Shows your files and folders on the screen. It uses a system of menus and forms.
factor:
Finds the prime factor of a number. Also shows if the number is a prime factor.
faillog:
Manages the summary of failures in /var/log/faillog.
false:
Provides a false value in scripts, does nothing but always exits with a non zero-value.
fastboot:
Restarts the system, but does not take the time to write data in memory to the disks.
fastboot:
Restarts the system but does not take the time to write data in memory to the disks.
fasthalt:
Stops the system immediately, and writes unsaved data to the disks.
fasthalt:
Stops the system immediately.
fastmail:
Sends e-mails fast in a batch to a large group of receivers.
fbconfig:
Configures frame buffer attributes and shows information about them.
fc:
Reruns, edits or lists commands that have recently been used. With no options, edits and runs the last command.
fddistat:
Shows FDDI device drivers and statistics.
fdformat:
Formats new diskettes.
fdisk:
Handles partiton tables. If no arguments is specified, an interactive prompt will be used.
fdisk:
Is a utility for handling DOS partitions.
fdisk:
Creates or alters the disk partition table on your internal hard drive. You must specify rdevice, which is the raw device to a fixed disk.
fdl:
Manages font information on printers connected to Solaris hosts. It also allows users to manage printer maintenance.
fdpr:
Optimizes a command in three phases. First, it creates a instrumental program that learns the program behavior. Then it starts the program. Finally, it creates an optimized version.
feprom_update:
Is used to load the systems EPROM with the specified file and then reboots the system.
fetchmail:
Retrieves mail from POP, IMAP, or ETRN servers and forwards it to your local mail agent.
ff:
Shows file names and statistics for a file system.
ff:
Shows file names and statistics for a file system.
ffbconfig, SUNWffb_config:
Configures the FFB Graphics Accelerator.
ffill:
Is a faster version of the command fill and will not use nroff formatting.
fformat:
Fills or justifies paragraphs to the right margin, while preserving any left-margin indentation.
fg:
Resumes the execution of a stopped job in the foreground. Without an argument the current job is used.
fgconsole:
Shows you the number of the active virtual terminal.
fgrep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern.
file:
Performs tests on each file that you have specified to determine what file type it is.
file2c:
Decompiles binary or other files into C-source.
filemgr:
Is a GUI-based file management application. Alters file permissions and creates folders in your file system.
filemon:
Monitors file system performance and report I/O activity, virtual memory segments, physical, and logical volumes.
fileplace:
Shows where a specified file is placed within the physical or logical volumes containing the file.
filesync:
Synchronizes files between different computers.
filetest:
Tests a file for different things.
filetest:
Tests a file for different things.
fill:
Reads text from STDIN, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
find:
Finds files in the specified directories and subdirectories using the Boolean expression from the input line.
findsmb:
Shows information about computers on the network running MS Windows operating systems.
finger, safe_finger:
Shows information about logged in users.
firewall:
Turns off IP forwarding and prevents route information from being visible by starting /usr/etc/in.routed.asetoriginal with the -q flag.
fjust:
Reads text from STDIN, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
flcopy:
Copies to and from diskettes.
flex, flex++:
Is used to create a scanner program that recognize lexical patterns in a text.
flex, flex++, lex:
Creates a scanner program that recognizes lexical patterns in a text.
fmgc:
Manages the garbage collection and hierarchy information for users. These hierarchy files are created by the program filemgr and stores information about directories visited by users.
fmli:
Starts the form and menu language translator. It opens the frames that is specified by the file name argument.
fmt:
Is a text formatter. It will take the text from the file and produce output lines that are joined in the correct way.
fmthard:
Updates the Volume Table of Contents (VTOC) on hard disks.
fmtmsg:
Writes a message to STDERR or system console.
fnattr:
Manages the attributes of FNS (Federated Naming Service) objects.
fnbind:
Associates a resource to an FNS name, or binds a reference specified on the command line to an FNS name.
fncheck:
Checks for consistency between FNS (Federated Naming Service) data and NIS+ data.
fncopy:
Copies FNS (Federated Naming Service) contexts from one naming service to another.
fncreate:
Creates an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context.
fncreate_fs:
Creates File System contexts within the FNS (Federated Naming Service) namespace.
fncreate_printer:
Creates a new printer in the FNS (Federated Naming Service) namespace.
fndestroy:
Removes an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context from the specified name.
fnlist:
Shows the name and reference bound in an FNS (Federated Naming Service) context.
fnlookup:
Shows the binding of an FNS (Federated Naming Service) name that you specify.
fnrename:
Renames the binding of an FNS (Federated Naming Service) name.
fnsearch:
Searches for FNS (Federated Naming Service) objects with specified attributes and / or values.
fnselect:
Selects a naming service to use for the FNS (Federated Naming Service) initial context creation.
fnsypd:
Is a daemon used by NIS clients to update the FNS context on a NIS master server.
fnunbind:
Unbinds the resource from a FNS (Federated Naming Service) name.
fold:
Breaks lines in text files to the specified width.
folder, folders:
Shows the current folder and information about the messages in it.
folder, folders:
Shows the current folder and information about the messages in it.
for:
Is used to go trough each word in the list, assign the value to variable and run the commands.
foreach:
Is used to go trough each word in the list, assign the value to variable and run the commands.
format:
Formats diskettes or read/write optical media disks.
format:
Partitions, labels, repairs, and analyzes disks on the system. Without options, the interactive tool starts.
format_floppy:
Formats floppy disks. It is used mainly by the file manager.
fortune:
Shows a fortune from either the fortune.dat file or from the file specified.
fortune:
Shows an interesting or funny phrase from various people randomly each time you execute it.
fortune:
Shows an interesting or funny phrase from various files randomly each time you execute it.
fpr, asa:
Interprets Fortran carriage-control characters into line printer control characters.
frcactrl:
Administers the kernel extension FRCA to use in web servers.
free:
Shows the amount of free and used memory in the system.
from:
Shows the sender and date of newly arrived mail messages.
from:
Shows headers for mail sent by the specified sender.
from:
Shows sender and date of newly arrived mail messages.
fsadmin:
Controls whether the font server is or is not started automatically by inetd.
fsck:
Checks file systems for inconsistencies and repair them.
fsck.minix:
Checks the minix file system for consistency.
fsck_cachefs:
Checks the integrity of data cached with the CacheFS command.
fsck_ext2fs:
Makes an interactive file system consistency check and repairs the specified file systems.
fsck_ffs:
Makes a fast file system consistency check and interactive repair for the specified file system.
fsck_msdos:
Makes a DOS/Windows (FAT) file system consistency check and repairs the specified file systems.
fsdb:
Debugs a file system.
fsdb:
Is a tool for debugging and editing file system inode data.
fsdb:
Debugs a file system after a crash.
fsinfo:
Shows information including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsinfo:
Shows information, including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsinfo:
Shows information including the capabilities about X font servers on the network.
fsirand:
Creates random inode generation numbers on all inodes on the specified device. It also creates a file system ID in the superblock.
fsirand:
Creates random inode generation numbers to increase security for NFS file systems. It also creates a file system ID in the superblock.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards (*) can be used.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards * can be used.
fslsfonts:
Shows the fonts on the font server that match the pattern specified. Wildcards * can be used.
fsplit:
Reads a FORTRAN source code from a file or STDIN and splits the input into separated routine files.
fsplit:
Reads Fortran source code from a file or STDIN and splits the input into separated routine files.
fstat:
Identifies and shows all open files in the system.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. Debugs font and re-create BDF files.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. It is used to debug fonts and re-create BDF files.
fstobdf:
Creates BDF fonts from an X font server. It is used to debug font and recreate BDF files.
fstyp:
Determines the file system type for unmounted file systems.
ftl_check:
Shows bookkeeping information for a Flash Translation Layer partition.
ftl_format:
Formats a Flash Translation Layer partition on a flash memory device.
ftp:
Transfers files from a remote network. It uses the File Transfer Protocol.
ftpcount:
Shows current number of users using the FTP server.
ftprestart:
Automatically restarts shutdown FTP servers.
ftpshut:
Is an automatic shutdown procedure that notifies FTP users when the server is shutting down.
ftpwho:
Shows information about the current processes for each FTP user.
function:
Defines function in a shell.
functions:
Shows or set attribute for shell functions.
funzip:
Extracts the first file from a zip archive within a pipe to the standard, or specified, input.
fuser:
Shows the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems.
fuser:
Shows all processes that are using the specified files or file systems.
fuser:
Shows process IDs of files that are specified.
fvwm:
Is a window manager for X11. Is used to minimize memory consumption, provide a 3-D look to window frames.
fwtmp:
Converts binary records in wtmp to readable text records. Reads from STDIN and writes to STDOUT.
fwtmp:
Converts binary records in wtmp to readable text records. Reads from STDIN and writes to STDOUT.
g++:
Is the C++ compiler version of gcc. It assumes that the preprocessed files .i are in C++.
g++:
Is the C++ compiler version of gcc.
g77, f77:
Is the GNU Fortran compiler. This can also be started using f77.
g77, f77:
Is the GNU Fortran compiler. This is can also be started using f77.
gated:
Will provide gateway routing functions for the following protocols: RIP, RIPng, EGP, BGP, BGP4+, HELLO, IS-IS, ICMP, ICMPv6, and SNMP.
gawk, awk:
Is a processing language from GNU built from awk and supports all of the options found in awk.
gcc:
Is the GNU C/C++ compiler. It assumes that the preprocessed .i files are C based.
gcc, cc:
Is the GNU project C and C++ compiler.
gcore:
Creates a core file image for the process you specify. The default image file name will be core.processID.
gdb:
Is the GNU debugger program. This can start a specified program and modify its behavior.
gdb:
Is a debugger that can manage debugging of C, C++ and Modula-2 code. A.K.A GNU Debugger.
gdc:
Is a user interface for gated routing daemon.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a catfile.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a cat file.
gencat:
Formats text from a message file and merges the information into the formatted message database called a catfile.
gendiff:
Generates a diff file that contains the differences between two directories.
genfilt:
Adds a filter rule to the filter rule table.
geniconvtbl:
Creates binary code conversion tables for iconv using text files.
genkex:
Extracts a list of kernel extensions currently loaded onto the system and displays the address, size, and pathname for each extension.
genkld:
Extracts the list of shared objects currently loaded onto the system and displays the address, size, and pathname for each object.
genksyms:
Creates a file with version information by first running gcc -E on it.
genlayouttbl:
Creates a binary layout table from a locale.
genld:
Extracts a list of loaded objects for each process currently running on the system.
genmsg:
Creates message source files by extracting the messages from other source files.
gentun:
Creates a definition of a tunnel between a local and a remot host.
get:
Retrieves version information from the working copy of the SCCS file.
get, sccs-get:
Retrieves version information from the working copy of the SCCS file.
getconf:
Retrieves current configuration values and show them to STDOUT.
getdev:
Creates a device list that matches the criteria specified.
getdgrp:
Creates a list of device groups that match the specified criteria.
getent:
Retrieves entries using keywords that must already exist from a system configuration file.
getent:
Retrieves entries from system database files using keywords that exists in the database.
getfacl:
Shows the Access Control List (ACL), the owner, and the group for the specified file.
getfilename:
Uses a file in the specified format, then creates a copy of it using the specified file name.
getkeycodes:
Shows kernel scan-code to key-code mapping table. Can be used to define functions of special keys.
getln:
Reads a line from the command stack and doesn't treat a at the end of a row in any special way.
getNAME:
Captures the NAME section from a specified manual source, which can then be used for creating a table of contents or an introduction section to a manual.
getNAME:
Captures NAME sections from manual sources, and can be used to create manual introduction sections or a TOC.
getNAME:
Captures the NAME section from a specified manual source, which can then be used for creating a table of contents or an introduction section to a manual.
getopt:
Cleans up and checks options given to a shell script. It split option given together and place each option in its own variable. Any additional arguments is placed after --
getopts:
Will retrieve or set environment options and process them from the command line. The values specified by name and the index of the next arguments are placed into the shell variable OPTIND.
gettable:
Retrieves Network Information Center (NIC) format host tables from a host.
gettable:
Gets the DoD internet host table via the TCP port connection of a specified host server.
gettext:
Gets the domain name variable from a message object made by msgfmt.
gettext:
Gets domain name variable from a message object created by msgfmt that matches to the specified id.
gettxt:
Gets a text string from a specific message file database found in the directory /usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES, where the locale name corresponds to the string language.
getty:
"Manages ports and terminal lines
getty:
Is used to manage ports and terminal lines. Is not usually used on the command line.
getty:
Defines the terminal settings including the line speed and terminal behavior.
getvol:
Verifies that the device specified is available and that the proper media is inserted and ready for use.
ghost:
Reads and reconstructs previous versions of an INed-structured file in the output file.
gif2tiff:
Creates a TIFF image file from a GIF image file.
glbd:
Manages the global location broker (GLB) database, which helps clients locate servers on a network or the Internet.
glob:
Performs file name expansion on the words. The result is separated by a NULL-character.
gnubc:
Is used to calculate arbitrary precision numbers. Statements will be read from a file specified or from STDIN.
goto:
Jumps to label in a shell script.
gpasswd:
Administers the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.
gpatch:
Applies changes from the patch file to the original file. The patch file is made by the diff command.
gpg:
Is the main security program for the GNUPG system and can check, sign, encrypt and decrypt.
gphoto:
Administers picture handling with digital cameras. Can also be used with Web cameras and in scripts.
gpm:
Enables the mouse in screen mode and sets various attributes such as baud rate and mouse type.
gpm-root:
Allows Control-Mouse events to be able to draw menus during screen mode.
gprof:
Shows an execution (call-graph) profile of a program. It can also create files containing portions of this information.
grap:
Is used to typset graphs so that they can be used with the command pic.
greek:
Converts English-language output from a Teletype Model 37 workstation, reads STDIN, to output for other workstations, and writes to STDOUT.
grep:
Shows lines form the file that matches the given pattern.
grodvi:
Is a groff driver that creates TeX dvi files that can then be printed out.
grodvi:
Is a groff driver that creates TeX dvi files that can then be printed out.
groff:
Is the front end to the document formatting system used by groff.
groff:
Is the front end to the document formatting system used by groff.
grog:
Guesses which groff option is required for printing a specific file and sends this answer to STDOUT..
grog:
Guesses which groff option is required for printing a specific file and sends this answer to STDOUT.
grolj4:
Is a groff driver that is used for creating output that can be printed onto an HP LaserJet 4 type printer.
grolj4:
Is a groff driver that is used for creating output that can be printed onto an HP LaserJet 4-type printer.
grops:
Translates GNU troff output into PostScript.
grops:
Translates GNU troff output into PostScript. Usually started by groff -Tps.
grotty:
Translates GNU troff output into a simple printer format.
grotty:
Translates GNU troff output into a simple printer format. Usually started from groff.
groupadd:
Creates a new group definition on the system.
groupadd:
Creates a new group and adds it to the system.
groupadd:
Creates a new group definition on the system by editing the /etc/group file.
groupdel:
Deletes a specified group definition in the system.
groupdel:
Deletes a specified group definition in the system that resides in the /etc/group file.
groupmod:
Alter's a specific group definition on the system.
groupmod:
Alters a specific group definition on the system using the /etc/group file.
groups:
Shows the groups that a user is a member of.
grpck:
Verifies correctness of the group definitions in the user database by checking definitions for all or specified groups.
grpck:
Checks the integrity of the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.
grpck:
Verifies the entries in the group file.
grpconv:
Updates the /etc/gshadow if the /etc/group file has been changed manually.
grpunconv:
Creates the /etc/group file from the /etc/gshadow file, then removes the /etc/gshadow file.
gs:
Starts Ghostscript and reads Adobe Systems PostScript and PDF files.
gsscred:
Manages table entries that are used on servers to find the UID of clients connected by RPCSEC_GSS.
gtbl:
Compiles descriptions of any tables that are embedded inside troff files.
gunzip:
Extracts files created by gzip, zip, compress or pack.
gunzip:
Extracts files created by gzip, zip, compress or pack.
gunzip:
Extracts files. Support files that are created by gzip, zip compress, compress -H and pack.
gv:
Allows you to view PostScript and PDF documents.
gzcat:
Uncompresses a list of files from the command line or STDIN and writes the uncompressed data to STDOUT.
gzcat:
Shows (concatenates) the content of a compressed file on the screen.
gzcmp:
Compares the difference between compressed files.
gzdiff:
Runs the diff program on compressed files.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self extracting archive.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self-extracting archive.
gzexe:
Compresses executable files into a self extracting archive.
gzforce:
Adds a .gz extension to a file compressed with gzip if they lost the extension during a file copy, for example.
gzgrep:
Starts the grep on compressed or gzipped files. Options specified are passed to grep.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel Ziv-coding.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel-Ziv-coding.
gzip:
Compresses files with Lempel-Ziv coding. If it is possible, the file is replaced by one with the .gz extension.
gzmore:
Shows compressed files with a suffix of .gz, .z, or .Z, one screen at a time.
gznew:
Compresses files with compressed with compress (*.Z) even more and gives it a .gz extension.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into Perl header file format.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into Perl header file format.
h2ph:
Converts the specified C header files into perl header file format.
h2xs:
Creates Perl extensions from C header files.
h2xs:
Creates Perl extensions from C header files.
h2xs:
Creates perl extensions from C header files.
halt:
Writes any remaining data in memory to the disks and then stops the computer.
hash:
Shows or changes information in the internal hash table that stores information about executed commands.
hashstat:
Show information about how effective the internal hash table is.
hdparm:
Sets or retrieves hard drive parameters.
head:
Show lines from the beginning of each file on the screen.
help:
Shows a page with help information for new users.
help:
Shows help information about internal commands.
help:
Assists the user and system administrators in the use of Open BSD.
help:
Shows information about internal commands. With no option, shows a short description about internal commands.
helpitem:
Is used to format and show help messages for the command ckitem.
hexdump:
Dumps a file in hexadecimal format on the screen.
hexdump:
Shows files in ASCII, hexadecimal, decimal or octal format on STDOUT.
hisaxctrl:
Setups the HiSax-ISDN device driver, if you are using the HiSax driver.
history:
Shows a list of previously used commands, and can optionally execute them again.
host:
Finds host names for IP addresses on the Internet. The host name information comes from DNS servers.
host:
Looks up hostnames or IP-addresses using name servers.
host:
Looks up hostnames or IP addresses using name servers.
hostconfig:
Configures host parameters automatically, like hostname and domain name for a system using.bootp
hostent:
Modifies hostname to IP address mapping entries in the /etc/hosts file.
hostid:
Specifies or shows the hexadecimal identifier of the current local host.
hostid:
Shows na identifier for the current host in hexadecimal format.
hostid:
Shows the hexadecimal identifier of the current computer.
hostname:
Sets or shows the hostname for the computer.
hp:
Handles special functions for the HP2640- and HP2621-series terminals.
hpftodit:
Uses an HP tagged font metric file and creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4.
hpftodit:
Uses an HP tagged font metric file and creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4.
hplj:
Processs the output of the troff command for output to a Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet Series printer.
htable:
Converts host files to the format used by network library routines.
htable:
Converts a host's tables to network library routines from the older RFC 952 format.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htdigest:
Manages HTTP user authentication files.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
htpasswd:
Manages HTTP user authentication.
httpd:
Is the Apache internet Web server.
httpd:
Is the Apache Internet Web server.
httpd:
Is the Apache Internet Web server.
hup:
Allows a command to catch a hangup signal. This is the opposite of nohup.
hup:
Allows a command to catch a hang-up signal. This is the opposite of nohup.
hwclock, clock:
Shows and configures the hardware clock.
hyphen:
Reads one or more English-language files, finds all the lines ending with hyphenated words, and writes those words to STDOUT.
i4target:
Shows the target ID of your computer.
i4tv:
Verifies if license servers are running properly.
ibench:
Shows how many connections the daemon can manage during a specified time. Will also identify users.
ibm3812:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 3812 Model 2 Pageprinter.
ibm3816:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 3816 Pageprinter.
ibm5585H-T:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 5585H-T printer for traditional Chinese language.
ibm5587G:
Processes the output of the troff command for output to a IBM 5587-G01, 5584-H02, 5585-H01, 5587-H01, or 5589-H01 printer.
iceauth:
Modifies or shows authorization information to connect with ICE.
iceauth:
Modifies or shows authorization information to connect with ICE.
iceauth:
Edits and shows authorization information to connect with ICE. Reads authorization data from one host and adds the information to another.
iconv:
Converts a sequence of characters in a file from one code set to another.
iconv:
Converts characters from one code set to another.
id:
Shows the userID and groupID of the user that you specify.
ident:
Searches for RCS keyword strings in files.
ident:
Searches for RCS keyword strings in files.
identd:
Searches TCP/IP connections and shows the user names that own the connections.
if:
Makes a decision inside a shell script. If the first expr is true run the first commands. If not check the next expr and so on. If no expr was true run commands after then.
ifcfg:
Configures the Ethernet interfaces.
ifconfig:
Configures network interface parameters or show the status for network interface.
ifdown:
Deactivates a network interface.
ifport:
Set or views the transceiver type for the network interface.
ifup:
Activates a network interface.
ifuser:
Shows whether any of the specified hosts are routed through the specified interface.
igawk:
Adds the ability to have include files in gawk. It accepts all gawk options. Gawk also includes additional options from Bell Labs and GNU specific options.
ike:
Administers the use of IP Security dynamic tunnels that use the IKE protocol.
imagetool:
Is a GUI that is used to show gif, tiff, jpeg and PostScript images.
imake:
Creates makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imake:
Creates Makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imake:
Creates Makefiles from a template, a set of cpp macro functions, and a per-directory file that is called Imakefile.
imapd:
Starts the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) server process.
imon:
Monitors your ISDN activities.
imontty:
Shows the status of all ISDN lines.
impfilt:
Imports filter rules from text export files that are generated by the expfilt command.
import:
Captures some or all of an X server screen and saves it to a file.
importvg:
Imports a new volume group definition to the system.
imptun:
Will add an exported tunnel definition and any user-defined filter rules associated with the tunnels to the local host.
in.dhcpd:
Configures the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). It is used to forward or respond to DHCP or BOOTP protocol requests.
in.fingerd, fingerd:
Is the daemon the manages the finger protocol.
in.ftpd, ftpd:
Is the Internet FTP daemon that manage FTP services. It is only started by the inetd daemon when requested.
in.identd, identd:
Returns user information about the owner of a connection to a remote computer.
in.ndpd:
Makes auto-configurations for hosts and routers of Neighbor Discovery and Address Auto configuration for IPv6.
in.rarpd, rarpd:
Provides MAC-address to IP-address resolution to workstations at startup.
in.rdisc:
Finds default routes on the network or broadcasts that your host is a router.
in.rexecd, rexecd:
Is a daemon that services remote execution requests and uses use rname and password authentication. inetd will automatically start the daemon when needed.
in.ripngd:
Manages network routing tables for the IPv6 Routing Information Protocol.
in.rlogind, rlogind:
Is the server for the rlogin command. The server looks at client's source port. If port is not in the range 0-1023, the server will abort the connection.
in.routed, routed:
Manages and provides network routing tables for hosts on the network. Also updates hosts acting as internetwork routers with complete copies of routing tables.
in.rshd, rshd:
Is the server for rsh (remote shell) and allows clients to execute commands from remote clients. The server accepts connections from the client on any port lower the 1024.
in.telnetd, telnetd:
Used to process incoming requests on the telnet port. Started by the Internet Server (inetd).
in.tftpd, tftpd:
Is a server that gives you TFTP functionality, it uses the UDP protocol instead of TCP.
in.uucpd, uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Invoked by inetd upon request.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. It can also convert from one style of C to another.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. Converts from one C style to another.
indent:
Inserts or erases whitespace in C code to make it easier to read. Converts from one C style to another.
indxbib:
Creates an index for a database file in inverted form. It can be read by the commands lookbib and refer. Is an executable in Linux, BSD and a script in AIX, Solaris.
inetd:
Starts all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf as they are needed.
inetd:
Manages startup of all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf.
inetd:
Starts all services listed in the file /etc/inetd.conf. It starts all Internet standard services such as FTP, telnet, SMTP, and HTTP, and is normally started during bootup.
info:
Reads hypertext info nodes. Info nodes fill the same function on as man pages.
info:
Shows hypertext info nodes. Info nodes fill the same function on as man pages.
infocmp:
Shows terminal information or compare descriptions between two or more terminals.
infotocap:
Reads the specified file and converts found terminfo descriptions to termcap descriptions. The converted descriptions is shown on STDOUT.
infotocap:
Reads the specified file and converts found terminfo descriptions to termcap descriptions.
init, telinit:
Changes run levels for the system. Shuts down or restart the computer in different modes.
initdb:
Creates a new Postgres database system.
initlocation:
Creates another Postgres secondary database storage area.
initlog:
Sends log messages to the system logging facility.
insmod:
Installs loadable kernel modules (device drivers) in the running kernel.
install:
Manages the installation of files to a specific location or creates directories in a file system.
install-info:
Installs or erases menu entries in info directory files.
install-info:
Erases or installs specified entries in the info files.
install-mh:
Creates the inital setup for a first-time nmh user.
install-mh:
Creates the initial setup for a first-time nmh user.
installboot:
Installs a first stage boot program to the boot area of an ffs disk partition.
installboot:
Installs a bootblock in a partition in order to make it bootable.
installbsd:
"Is the BSD version of the install command
installf:
Maintains and updates the database that holds information about installed software.
installp:
Installs and updates software products in a compatible installation package.
install_assist:
Is a program that helps customize your system.
install_conduit:
Is a script that allows users to install Java-based pipes for synchronization with a Palm Pilot.
instfix:
Installs filesets associated with unique keywords or fixes using APAR number.
integer:
Show or sets attribute for integer variables.
inucp:
Is a simple copy program. Mostly used by the installp command.
inudocm:
Reads the specified files and shows all supplemental information found within them.
inurecv:
Recovers files saved by the inusave command.
inurest:
Is a utility for simple archive and restore operations, used by the installp command and shell scripts.
inurid:
Deletes installation information for diskless/dataless clients from the inst_root directories of installed software.
inusave:
Saves installed or updated files. Mostly used by the installp command.
inutoc:
Creates a .toc file for installation images in the specified directory.
inuumsg:
Shows a pre-made error message on STDOUT.
iostat:
Shows input and output statistics for disks, terminals and tapes.
ipcalc:
Calculates IP address information.
ipcclean:
Cleans up shared memory and semaphores from aborted backends.
ipchains:
Manages IP firewall rules in the Linux 2.2 kernel.
ipchains-restore:
Restores IP firewall chains from STDIN.
ipchains-save:
Shows the firewall chains on the screen.
ipcrm:
Releases shared memory by removing identifiers from message queues, semaphores, and shared memory segments that programs or services have left behind.
ipcs:
Shows information about inter-process communications currently active in the system, such as shared memory segments, semaphores and message queues.
ipf:
Manages IP firewall and filter rules in the kernel.
ipfilter:
Shows specified contents from an ipreport output file.
ipfstat:
Shows packet filter statistics and filter lists.
ipftest:
Sends test packets through a ipf filter rule set found in a specified ruleset file.
ipmon:
Shows the logged packets going through the IP packet log device.
ipnat:
Is used to configure IP network address translation rules. NAT is used to hide private networks.
ipppd:
Is a modified pppd that provides synchronous PPP support for ISDN connections.
ipppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics.
ipreport:
Creates a trace report from a trace file.
ipresend:
Sends out captured packets to the network.
iprofd:
Creates the modem register of the ISDN-ttys AT-emulator permanent.
ipsecadm:
Configures the security associations (SA) in the kernel to use IPSec.
ipsecconf:
Manages IP security policies.
ipseckey:
Manages the security association data base (SADB) for the network security services ipsecah and ipsecesp manually. Without options it is started interactively.
ipsecstat:
Shows the status of IP security devices, crypto algorithms, and security packets.
ipsectrcbuf:
Shows the tracing buffers from the IP security subsystem.
ipsec_convert:
Converts an AIX IP security tunnel to either an IBM Secure Network Gateway 2.2 or IBM Firewall 3.1 tunnel.
ipsend:
Sends IP packets to a destination host.
iptables:
Manages IP firewall rules in the Linux 2.4 kernel.
iptest:
Tests the IP's functions by generating packets and sending them to specified destination.
iptrace:
Traces incoming and outgoing IP packets.
iptunnel:
Configures various types of IP tunnels.
ipx_cmd:
Is a bridge between local IPX network and Novell's SCMD driver.
ipx_configure:
Queries or configures IPX behavior with respect to automatic IPX interface detection.
ipx_interface:
Manages IPX interfaces.
ipx_internal_net:
Adds or removes the IPX internal network.
ipx_route:
Adds or removes an IPX route.
isainfo:
Shows the architecture and instructions set of the kernel.
isakmpd:
Is the IKE key management daemon, used to establish security associations for authenticated and encrypted network traffic.
isakmpd:
Is the IKE key management daemon that establish security associations for authenticated/encrypted network traffic.
isalist:
Shows all instruction sets that can run on the system to STDOUT.
isapnp:
Reads the configuration file to configure ISA PnP cards.
isdnconf:
Manipulates or reads ISDN phone number config files.
isdnctrl:
Configures ISDN device information.
isdnlog:
Shows decoded information from the ISDN card.
isdnrate:
Shows telephone rates and various info from rate files.
isdnrep:
Shows ISDN activity.
isoinfo:
Does directory-like listings of iso9660 images.
isovfy:
Checks an iso9660 image for errors.
ispcvt:
Verifies if the current video driver installed in the kernel is a PCVT driver.
ispell:
Is a compatibility script for the aspell spell checker.
istat:
Shows I-node information for a file.
jar:
Compresses multiple files into a single JAR file. Can also compress files in ZIP and ZLIB formats.
jarsigner:
Creates passwords and verifies the signatures of jar files.
java:
Executes java programs.
java, java_g:
Is an interpreter that is used to execute Java bytecode. java_g is a non-optimized version of java used for debugging.
javac:
Compiles java code into java bytecode.
javadoc:
Manages documentation about classes, interfaces, methods, and the like in HTML format.
javah:
Creates header files for use by C-language compilers.
javah, javah_g:
Creates header files used by C-language programs. javah_g is a non-optimized version of javah used for debugging.
javakey:
Is a security tool that generates digital signatures for java archive files.
javald:
Captures the environment needed to run a java application specified by class name.
javap:
Disassembles java class files.
java_g:
Is a non optimized java version that can be used with debuggers.
jdb:
Debugs java classes with a command-line interface similar to dbx using Java debugger APIs.
jobid:
Shows the process id for the job or for the current job if not given.
jobs:
jobs is used to report all jobs that are stopped or executing in the background.
join:
Compares two files and joins them together where the fields are identical and show the result to STDOUT.
jot:
Creates a sequential of numbers, characters or words, according to the operands specified in the parameters.
jpegtran:
Converts JPEG from one compression to another.
jre:
Is a runtime interpreter for java.
jre:
Is a runtime interpreter for java.
jsh:
Is the Job control shell and command interpreter. It has similar functions as Bourne shell (sh), with job control.
just:
Reads text from STDINt, justifies and fills each paragraph, and writes the result to STDOUT.
kadmin:
Is the interactive Kerberberos database administration program.
kadmind:
Is the daemon for the Kerberos network database administrator program.
kauth:
Is a login utility for the Kerberos database program.
kauthd:
Is a remote login daemon for the Kerberos database program.
kbd:
Is used to show or change the keyboard's values.
kbd:
Manipulates, shows or changes the keyboards values.
kbdconfig:
Configures the keyboard.
kbdrate:
Changes keyboard configurations.
kbd_mode:
Changes the keyboard translation mode. Useful when a program don't restore the translation mode.
kbd_mode:
Changes the keyboard translation mode.
kcon:
Is a keyboard configuration utility for the PCVT video driver.
kdb:
Shows system images.
kdb_destroy:
Deletes a Kerberos key distribution center database. Prompts the user for verification before actually doing it.
kdb_edit:
Creates or changes principals stored in the Kerberos key distribution center database.
kdb_init:
Initializes a Kerberos key distribution center database and creates the necessary principals.
kdb_util:
Performs utility functions on the Kerberos key distribution center database.
kdestroy:
Writes zeros to the files containing the user's Kerberos authorization tickets, to destroy them.
kdestroy:
Writes zeros to the user's Kerberos authorization tickets so as to destroy the file.
kdump:
Converts kernel trace files produced with ktrace to readable format. Shows it on STDOUT.
kerbd:
Generates and validates the Kerberos tickets for the kernel RPC.
kernelversion:
Shows the major version of the kernel.
keycfg:
Shows or alters the electronic mode switch.
keycomp:
Compiles keyboard mapping files into input method keymap files.
keyenvoy:
Allows some RPC calls talk to the keyserv daemon.
keylogin:
Decrypts and stores the user's secret key.
keylogin:
Decrypts and stores a users secret key, which is used in requests to any secure RPC service such as NIS+.
keylogout:
Erases a user?s secret key stored by the keyserv process.
keylogout:
Erases a user's secret key that is stored by the keyserv process.
keymaps:
Shows the INed command key layout for all keyboards.
keynote:
Handles keynote operations. The function is described by the first identifier.
keyserv:
Is a server daemon that stores the private encryption keys for the currently logged in users.
keyserv:
Is a server daemon that stores the private encryption keys for the currently logged in users.
kgmon:
Is the monitor kernel profiling.
kgmon:
Monitors kernel profiling.
kibitz:
Allows multiple interactions to one shell.
kill:
Stops a process or sends a signal to a processes.
killall:
Cancels all active processes.
killall:
Kills all processes running the specified commands.
killall:
Stops all active processes. Only a superuser can run this command.
killall5:
Kills all processes but the ones in it's own session. Same as the System V killall command.
kinit:
Logs in to a Kerberos authentication system.
kinit:
Logs into the Kerberos authentication system.
klist:
Shows you information listed in the ticket file about current Kerberos tickets held.
klist:
Shows you information listed in the ticket file about current Kerberos tickets held.
klogd:
Is a daemon that is used to log kernel messages.
kprop:
Propagates the Kerberos database to the Kerberos slaves.
kpropd:
Receives the Kerberos database propagated from a kprop process on a Kerberos master.
krlogind:
Provides server functions for the rlogin command.
krshd:
Provides server functions for remote command executions.
ksh, rksh:
Is the Korn shell, a standard/restricted command and programming language.
ksh, rksh:
Is the Korn shell, a standard/restricted command and programming language.
ksh, sh:
Starts the Korn shell, which is a command interpreter and a programming language. The Korn shell is the default shell for AIX.
ksrvtgt:
Manages Kerberos ticket-granting tickets.
ksrvutil:
Manipulates host Kerberos key files.
kstash:
Saves the Kerberos key distribution center database master key in the master key file.
kstat:
Examines the current available kernel statistics.
ksymoops:
Decodes Linux kernel Oops.
ksyms:
Shows kernel symbols that have been exported.
ktrace:
Does log the kernel trace of the specified process.
kudzu:
Checks the hardware. If there are some changes in the system, it gives the opportunity to configure the hardware.
kvm_mkdb:
Creates kernel databases.
kx:
Forwards X connections from a remote client to a local screen through an authenticated and encrypted stream.
kxd:
Forwards X connections securely.
labelit:
Writes or shows the label of an unmounted file system.
lam:
Copies specified files parallel to STDOUT.
LANG=language:
Change the regional setting and language translation.
last:
Shows login information about users, hosts, and terminals.
lastb:
Shows all bad login attempts.
lastcomm:
Shows a reverse-order list of commands executed recently.
lastcomm:
Shows a reverse order list of commands executed last.
lastcomm:
Shows the last commands executed, in reverse order.
lastlog:
Shows the contents of the last login log. The information includes login name, port, and last login time.
lastlogin:
Updates the login information in the file /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog.
lastlogin:
Updates the login information in the file /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog.
lbxproxy:
Is an X proxy that uses the low bandwidth extension to X (LBX). Some optimizations is made to the connections that increases speed over slow connections. Solaris 8 only
lb_admin:
Manages the registration of NCS-based servers in location broker databases.
lb_find:
Shows global location broker daemons and their attributes.
lc:
Runs the last function specified by function or the last command entered
ld:
Is a linker for object files used to link executables or shared libraries. Ld operates in two modes, static or dynamic.
ld86:
Links object files produced by the as86 assembler into I&D executables.
ldapadd:
Adds new entries to the LDAP server. Rejects duplicate attributes for same entry.
ldapclient:
Configures an LDAP client machine.
ldapdelete:
Erases one or multiple entries from an LDAP server.
ldaplist:
Shows a list of naming information from an LDAP directory service file.
ldapmodify:
Binds, modifies, or adds entries to the LDAP server; rejects duplicates for the same entry.
ldapmodrdn:
Connects to the LDAP server and modifies the RDN entries.
ldapsearch:
Makes a connection to an LDAP server, performs searches by using the specified filter.
ldap_cachemgr:
Updates the configuration cache for the LDAP naming services.
ldap_gen_profile:
Creates an LDIF file to be loaded into an LDAP server. This file can later be downloaded by an LDAP client.
ldconfig:
It is used to configure run time bindings for the dynamic linker.
ldconfig:
Scans built-in and specified system directories and stores any information about shared libraries in /var/run/ld.
ldd:
Shows a list of executable files and their dynamic dependencies or shared objects
ldd:
Shows all shared objects that are required to run the specified program.
ldd:
Lists executable files and their dynamic dependencies or shared objects. Also lists the pathnames of all shared objects that are needed when file is executed.
leave:
Reminds you of a time to leave. Reminds you five minutes and one minute before the specified time. The time can be specified in 12- or 24- hour format, but is converted to 12-hour format.
leave:
Reminds you of a time to leave. Reminds you 5 minutes and 1 minute before the specified time.
less:
Is a text pager for UNIX system, used to show ASCII files.
less:
Is a text pager for UNIX systems, used to displays ASCII files.
less (3):
More options
less, page:
Is a text pager for UNIX system, used to show ASCII files.
lesskey:
Manages key bindings for less.
lesskey:
Is used to manage key bindings for less.
lesskey:
Manages key bindings for less.
let:
Performs arithmetic calculations using the arguments specified, can be used in advanced shell scripts.
let:
Will evaluate the arguments and if the result is zero the exit status is 1 otherwise 0.
lex:
Creates C programs to be used in lexical processing of character input. That can be used as an interface to yacc.
lilo:
Allows you to have several operating systems installed and boot into any of them at startup.
limit:
Set limitations on the system resources available to the current shell.
line:
Reads and copies one line from STDIN, and shows the line on STDOUT, which is usually the screen.
line:
Reads and copies one line from STDIN and shows the line on STDOUT, usually the screen.
link:
"Links files and directories to existing files or directories
link:
Links files and directories to existing files or directories. Only superusers can use it.
links:
Is a simple command-line URL browser.
lint:
Checks a specified C program file for errors that make the file non-portable, wasteful, or buggy.
lint:
Is used to check a specified C program file for errors that leave it nonportable, wasteful, or buggy.
lint:
Finds the link to /usr/ccs/bin/ucblint; it is used by the C program verifier to find libraries.
linuxconf:
Is an interactive menu configuration program.
listalias:
Shows user and system mail aliases in the system. This is one part of the elm mailer.
listdgrp:
Shows members of the device group list specified by dgroup.
listres:
Creates a list of widget's names and classes.
listres:
Generates a list of a widget's resource database.
listres:
Creates a list of widget's names and classes.
listusers:
Lists all user logins and shows the login ID and account field value from specified database.
listX11input:
Shows X11 input extension records that have been entered into the ODM.
list_devices:
Lists assigned devices in the system and checks their association with current processes.
lkbib:
Finds references in the bibliographic database that contain the specified keyword.
lkbib:
Searches for references in bibliographic databases that contains the specified keyword. Shows result on STDOUT.
llbd:
Manages the local location broker database.
ln:
Creates a link between the specified source and destination files.
lndir:
Makes a shadow directory tree from fromdir with symbolic links.
lndir:
Creates a shadow of the current or specified directory containing only symbolic links to the parent directory.
loadkeys:
Reads and modifies the keyboard translation tables.
loadkeys:
Reads and modifies the keyboard translation tables.
local:
Creates a local variable within a function and set variable's attribute.
local:
Creates a local variable within a function and sets the variable's attribute.
locale:
Shows information about the current locale or all public locales.
locale:
Shows locale-specific information.
locale:
Shows locale-specific information.
localedef:
Converts locale and character set description source files to produce a locale database.
localedef:
Compiles or creates locale specifications.
localedef:
Defines the locale definition format.
locate:
Finds files in a database. The script /usr/libexec/locate.updatedb, usually run by cron daily, lists all files on the system and builds /var/db/locate.database.
locate.updatedb:
Updates the locate database. This is usually updated using the /etc/weekly script.
lock:
Locks a terminal to a user who has verified himself with a password. The terminal stays locked until it is released by user, the timeout is reached, or a user with appropriate privileges unlocks it.
lock:
Locks a terminal to a user with password. It stays locked until it's released by a user or timed out.
lockd:
Performs record locking on NFS files.
lockfile:
Creates semaphore files used to limit the access so that only one program is allowed to access the file or files.
lockfs:
Reports and changes the status of the file system locks. It unlocks file systems that were improperly locked by an application.
lockspool:
Locks user's system mailbox.
lockstat:
Gathers and show statistics on kernel synchronization objects.
lockstat:
Gathers and shows statistics on kernel synchronization objects.
lofiadm:
Administers the loopback file driver and associates a file to a block device.
log:
Lists all users that are logged in and affected by the watch parameter.
logform:
Formats a logical volume so that it can be used as a JFS log device.
logger:
Adds messages to the system log from the command line.
login:
Lets you sign on to the system.
logins:
Shows a list of logins on a system. Information is shown about both user and system logins
logname:
Shows your login name.
logout:
Exits a login shell form in Bash, C, TC and Z-Shell (bash, csh, tcsh, zsh).
logresolve:
Resolves IP addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logresolve:
Resolves IP-addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logresolve:
Resolves IP addresses in Apache's access log files. This is to reduce the impact for the name server.
logrotate:
Administrates log files by rotating, compressing, removing, and mailing the log files.
look:
Will find words in the system dictionary and show all lines that begins with the specified string.
lookbib, glookbib:
Finds references in a bibliographic database and recover records containing the keywords entered at the prompt.
loopctrl:
Configures the isdnloop ISDN driver.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive, and shows a list of the pairs.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive and shows a list of the pairs.
lorder:
Finds ordering relation for an object or library archive and shows a list of the pairs.
losetup:
Administers and controls loop devices.
lp:
Sends print request to a printer or printer queue.
lp:
Sends print request to a printer or printer queue.
lp:
Sends print requests to a destination.
lpadmin:
Manages print services.
lpbanner:
Show a banner on a fixed-size font printer.
lpc:
Used by the system administrator to control the operation of the line printer system.
lpc:
Is used by the system administrator to control the operation of the line printer system.
lpc:
Controls line printers.
lpd:
Is used to start the remote print server daemon.
lpd:
Starts the printer server.
lpd:
Is a print daemon.
lpf:
Is used as a general printer filter. It is often used in the printcap file as a filter.
lpf:
Is used by lpd in the printcap file to filter printouts.
lpfilter:
Make the file content compatible for a printer. Specific filters will assist to convert the file into the proper format.
lpforms:
Manages forms to use with the LP print service.
lpget:
Shows a printing configuration report.
lpmove:
Moves queued print requests between destinations on the local system.
lppchk:
Verifies that installable software and the SoftWare Vital Product Database match.
lpq:
Shows the content of a print queue.
lpr:
Sends print requests to a printer. Will use STDIN if no file is specified.
lpraccnt:
Is a printer accounting program template. It opens a specified TCP port for to send information
lprm:
Removes print requests from the print queue and report the file's name of removed request.
lpsched:
Starts or restarts the LP print service.
lpset:
Creates and updates printing configuration in the system configuration databases.
lpshut:
Stops the LP print service.
lpstat:
Shows status information for the print service.
lpstat:
Shows status information on a printer or printer queue.
lpstat:
Shows status information of the print service.
lptest:
Generates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and shows all 96 printable ASCII characters, useful for testing printers or terminals.
lptest:
Creates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and show all 96 printable ASCII characters useful for testing.
lptest:
Generates a ripple test pattern to STDOUT and shows all 96 printable ASCII characters; useful for testing printers.
lpunlock:
Unlocks a printer that is waiting for lock.
lpusers:
Sets printing queue priorities. Can be assigned to jobs sent by users of LP print service.
ls:
Lists the contents of a specified directory and supports wildcards.
ls-F:
Lists files like ls -F. It's much faster than ls.
ls-F:
Lists files like ls -F. It's much faster than ls.
lsallq:
Shows all configured print queues.
lsallqdev:
Shows all configured plotter and printer queue device names in a specified queue.
lsattr:
Shows attributes for devices in the system.
lsattr:
Shows the file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
lsauthent:
Shows all configured authentication methods in the system.
lscfg:
Shows configuration, vital product data, and diagnostic information for the system.
lsclass:
Shows workload management classes.
lsconn:
Shows which connections a device can accept.
lscons:
Shows the device name of a console.
lsdev:
Shows information about devices in the system.
lsdisp:
Shows which monitors are available to the system.
lsfilt:
Shows filter rules and their status.
lsfont:
Shows all available fonts.
lsfs:
Shows various file system information.
lsgroup:
Shows group attributes.
lsitab:
Shows records from the inittab file.
lskbd:
Shows which keyboard map is currently loaded.
lslicense:
Shows the number of fixed licenses in the system and status of the floating licenses.
lslpp:
Shows information about installed or updated software.
lslv:
Shows status information or allocation maps for a logical volume.
lsmaster:
Shows the configuration for a NIS master server.
lsmod:
Shows information about the loaded modules.
lsnamsv:
Shows name service information from the /etc/resolv.conf file.
lsnfsexp:
Shows information about NFS exported directories.
lsnfsmnt:
Shows information about NFS file systems that are available to mount.
lsnim:
Shows information about the Network Installation Management (NIM) environment.
lsof:
Shows a listing of open files.
lsparent:
Shows which parent devices will accept a specified connection type or device.
lspci:
Shows information about all PCI buses in the system and all devices connected to them.
lsprtsv:
Shows print service information from the database.
lsps:
Shows information about paging spaces.
lspv:
Shows information about physical volumes in the system.
lsque:
Shows queue stanza names.
lsquedev:
Shows queue stanza names and attributes from the /etc/qconfig file.
lsresource:
Shows a list of assigned bus resources in the system.
lsrole:
Shows a list of role attributes.
lssec:
Shows attributes from the security configuration files.
lssrc:
Shows the status of a subsystem or a subserver.
lstun:
Shows IP tunnel definitions.
lsuser:
Shows attributes from a user account.
lsvfs:
Shows entries from the /etc/vfs file.
lsvg:
Shows information about volume groups and partitions.
lsvgfs:
Shows the file systems that are in a volume group.
lsvirprt:
Shows virtual printer attributes.
ls_admin:
Manages the license server database.
ls_dpass:
Creates passwords for customers and distributors of software products.
ls_rpt:
Shows information on the license server events.
ls_stat:
Shows the license server system status.
ltrace:
Traces library calls of a given program.
luxadm:
Manages RSM, SENA, and SPARCstorage Array subsystem and individual FC AL devices.
lvchkmajor:
Shows if a device major number is in use for a specific volume group.
lvlstmajor:
Shows a list of device major numbers not currently in use.
lynx:
Is a fully featured, text only WWW browser. Shows HTML documents with links to files on the local system and for remote hosts running HTTP, FTP, NNTP, WAIS, and Gopher.
lynx:
Is a fully featured, text only, Web browser.
m4:
Is a front end macro processor that is used for programming languages like C and assembler.
m64config:
Configures the M64 Graphics Accelerator and can also alter some of the X11 window defaults for the M64.
mach:
Shows what processor your computer is running on.
machine:
Shows the kernel or application architecture.
machstat:
Shows information about the power status.
macref:
Shows a cross-referenced list of macro files
mail, Mail, mailx:
Reads and sends mail.
mail.local:
Reads from STDIN and appends the information to the specified user's mail file.
mail.local:
Is a local mail delivery agent for sendmail.
mailcompat:
Makes the Solaris mailbox format compatible with SunOS 4.x clients.
mailprint:
Erases any attachments from the specified mail file and adds a line to inform how many that was removed.
mailq:
Shows the mail queue. Shows first line for each mail massage, host for the massage, size the date and time.
mailstats:
Shows the statistics collected by the program sendmail.
mailto:
Sends multimedia mail in MIME format. It can only be used to send mail.
mailwrapper:
Starts an appropriate MTA software based on configuration information in /etc/mailer.conf. It is designed to replace usr/sbin/sendmail.
make, gmake:
Updates a target file and all of its dependencies or repairs missing or invalid target dependency trees.
makedbm:
Creates a DBM file or converts a DBM file to a text file.
makedepend:
Reads each specified source file in the given sequence and then parses it.
makedev:
Creates description files in binary format that can be read by the command troff.
MAKEDEV:
Creates device entries in the /dev directory.
MAKEDEV:
Create system and device special files. This script is run at installation, but can be run later.
makeg:
Makes an executable file that can be used for debug operations.
makeg:
Is used to make an executable file that can be used for debug operations.
makeinfo:
Converts Texinfo files to plain text, HTML or info files for online reading.
makeinfo:
Converts TeX info files to plain text, HTML or info files for online reading.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption. It generates a 13-character key from a 10-character input.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption.
makekey:
Creates an encryption key using ASCII characters for programs that run encryption. It generates a 13-character key from a 10-character input.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail and creates the database map by reading from STDIN.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail create the specified type of database map. Reads from STDIN and writes to the specified new map name.
makemap:
Uses the keyed map lookups in sendmail and creates the specified type of database map by reading from STDIN and writes to the specified new map name.
makepsres:
Creates an PostScript language database file that contains the resources in the specified path names.
makepsres:
Creates an Adobe PostScript language database file called PSres.upr, which contains the resources in the specified pathnames. Reads from STDIN as default.
makestrs:
Creates string table C source files and headers and outputs them on STDOUT.
makewhatis:
Updates the whatis database.
make_smbcodepage:
Creates a codepage for use with Samba.
man:
Shows the manual page of the specified command.
man2html:
Converts manual pages to HTML format.
manpath:
Shows search paths for man pages.
mant:
Typesets man pages.
map-mbone:
Shows all multicast routers that are available from the specified multicast router startingrouter.
mattrib:
Changes file attributes for MS-DOS files
mbadblocks:
Tests a floppy disk for bad blocks and marks them in the file allocation table.
mc:
Is a file manager used to browse directories and files.
mcat:
Copies a disk image to or from a floppy disk.
mcd:
Changes directory in a MS-DOS directory structure.
mcedit:
Edits file. It starts Midnight Commander (mc) in edit mode.
mconnect:
Connects you to the specified remote SMTP mail server socket, or to the local host if no remote host is specified.
mcookie:
Creates a magic cookie that works with the command xauth.
mcopy:
Copies MS-DOS files to or from a UNIX system.
mcs:
Adds, erases, shows and compresses the contents in the comment section of an ELF object file.
md5:
Is an algorithm used for digital signature applications to create a 128-bit message-digest fingerprint.
md5sum:
Verifies MD5 checksums.
mdb:
Is a low-level modular debugger used to operate crash dumps, processes, core dumps, and so forth.
mdel:
Deletes a file in an MSDOS file system..
mdeltree:
Deletes a directory from an MSDOS file system.
mdir:
Shows files in an MSDOS directory.
mdu:
Shows disk usage for a specific file or files on an MS-DOS file system.
merge:
Merges three files together. It merges the changes between input file 2 and 3 into input file number 1.
merge:
Merges three files together. It merges the changes between input files two and three into input file number one.
mesg:
Allows or disallows messages to be sent to your terminal.
messages:
Shows how many messages you have in your mailbox or folder.
metamail:
Manages how to show mails that are non text-based.
metasend:
Sends non text mails.
mformat:
Formats MS-DOS floppy disks.
mhl:
Creates formatted message lists.
mhl:
Shows and filters text messages in New Messages Handling System (NMH).
mhmail:
Is a program that reads or sends mail.
mhmail:
Reads or sends mail.
mhpath:
Shows pathnames to folders and messages.
mhpath:
Shows pathnames to folders and mailboxes.
mibiisa:
Is Sun's RFC 1157-compliant SNMP agent.
midiplay:
Is used to play MIDI files.
migratepv:
Is used to move physical partitions from one physical volume to one or more physical volumes.
mikmod:
Plays modules on a UNIX system.
mimencode:
Converts or deconverts any standard mail-encoding formats defined by MIME.
mingetty:
Is a smaller getty that works with virtual consoles.
minicom:
Is a text-based window serial communication program.
mirrord:
Manages the mirror module for remote maintenance.
mirrorvg:
Mirrors all logical volumes that exist on a specified volume group.
mk-amd-map:
Creates database maps for Amd.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkalias:
Converts YP mail.aliases maps to mail.byaddr maps.
mkboot:
Creates a boot record, boot image, and service record. Not supported by AIX 4.2 and later.
mkbootdisk:
Creates a boot floppy for the running system.
mkcatdefs:
Prepares a message source file for input to the gencat command.
mkcd:
Creates a multi-volume CD system backup image from a mksysb, or from a user-specified volume group or previously created savevg image.
mkcfsmnt:
Constructs an entry that will be appended to the /etc/filesystems file and makes the file system available as a cache file system.
mkclass:
Creates a workload management class.
mkclient:
Uncomments entries in the /etc/rc.nfs file for the ypbind daemon, and starts it to configure a client.
mkdep:
Creates makefile dependency lines for a specified source file.
mkdep:
Creates Makefile dependency lines for a specified source file.
mkdev:
Adds a specified device to the system.
mkdir:
Ccreates directories.
mkdirhier:
Creates the specified directories including any unspecified parent directories as well.
mkdosfs, mkfs.msdos:
Creates an MS-DOS file system in Linux.
mke2fs, mkfs.ext2:
Creates a second extended file system.
mkfifo:
Creates the FIFO special files specified by the paths and filenames on the command line.
mkfile:
Creates an empty file or files that can be used as NFS-mounted or local swap areas.
mkfile:
Creates an empty file or files that can be used as NFS-mounted or local swap areas.
mkfilt:
Activates or deactivates the filter rules.
mkfont:
Adds a font path name to the ODM.
mkfontdir:
Creates an index file from any X font files found in a directory. It typically looks for .pcf, .snf and .bdf fonts and then creates the file fonts.dir in the same specified directory.
mkfs:
Creates a file system on the specified disk partition.
mkfs:
Creates a Linux file system on the specified device.
mkfs:
Creates a file system on the specified disk partition rawdevicefile by calling upon the default FS or the specific one that is given by the -F FSType option.
mkfs.minix:
Creates a minix file system.
mkgroup:
Creates a new group.
mkhosts:
Creates a new hosts file.
mkinitrd:
Create a ramdisk to preload modules to gain access to the root file system.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660, Joliet, or HFS file system that is used on CDs and handles Rock Ridge attributes.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660 file system. Uses the specified directory tree to create a ISO9660 file system copy.
mkisofs:
Creates an ISO9660 images file that is used to burn CD's.
mkitab:
Creates records in the /etc/inittab file.
mkkeyserv:
Uncomments keyserv daemon entries in the /etc/rc.nfs file and starts the daemon.
mklost+found:
Creates a lost+found directory for the fsck command.
mklost+found:
Creates a lost+found directory.
mklv:
Creates a new logical volume.
mklvcopy:
Creates logical volume copies.
mkmanifest:
Creates a shell script that restores UNIX file names that has been shortened by MS-DOS file systems.
mkmaster:
Creates and configure a NIS master server.
mkmsgs:
Creates a file of text strings that is accessible with the text retrieval tools gettxt, srchtxt and exstr.The input is a file of text strings for a specified geographic locale.
mknamsv:
Adds name server addresses to the file /etc/resolv.conf.
mknetid:
Creates the NIS netid map called netid.byname using the contents of the hosts, passwd, group and netid files.
mknfs:
Manages NFS configuration for the system.
mknfsexp:
Makes an NFS export of a directory to an NFS client.
mknfsmnt:
Mounts the specified directory from the specified host at the specified mounting point.
mknod:
Creates a directory entry for a specified special file.
mknotify:
Creates a notify method.
mkpasswd:
Manages the user database. Creates indexes over security files that can be used by different library subroutines.
mkpasswd:
Generates a new password and assigns it to a user if you specify one.
mkproto:
Creates a prototype file.
mkprtsv:
Manages TCP/IP print services on a host.
mkps:
Adds paging space to the system.
mkqos:
Adds QoS support to the system
mkque:
Creates a print queue in the system.
mkquedev:
Creates a new printer queue device in the system.
mkraid:
Manages RAID arrays.
mkrole:
Creates a new role in the system.
mkserver:
Creates a subserver definition in the sub server object class.
mkslave:
Configures an NIS slave server.
mkssys:
Creates a subsystem definition in the subsystem object class.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are removed from a list of other files.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are extruded from a list of other files.
mkstr:
Creates specific files containing error messages that are extruded from a list of other files.
mkswap:
Creates a swap area in Linux.
mksysb:
Creates a bootable image of the root volume group on a tape or a file.
mkszfile:
Updates the image.data file with new information.
mktcpip:
Configures startup values for TCP/IP on a host.
mktemp:
Creates a temporary file name using another file name as a template.
mktemp:
Creates a temporary file name using another file name as a template.
mktexlsr:
Manages ls-R databases.
mktun:
Activates an IBM IP tunnel.
mkuser:
Creates new user accounts on the system.
mkvg:
Creates a volume group.
mkvgdata:
Creates a volume group information file that can be used with the commands savevg and restvg.
mkvirprt:
Create a virtual printer.
mkxauth:
Manages .Xauthority files.
mk_niscachemgr:
Manages how the NIS cachemgr daemons should start.
mk_nisd:
Manages how the rpc.nisd daemons should start.
mk_nispasswdd:
Manages how the rpc.nispasswdd daemons should start.
mlabel:
Creates a volume label on MS-DOS file systems.
mm:
Prints memorandum macro- formatted documents.
mmd:
Create directories on MS-DOS file systems.
mmount:
Mounts a MS-DOS file system in Linux.
mmove:
Moves files on MS-DOS file systems.
mmt:
Typesets documents.
mmtu:
Manages maximum transfer unit values.
modinfo:
Shows information about the specified kernel module.
modinfo:
Shows you information about loaded kernel modules.
modload:
Loads a loadable kernel module into a running system where the input file in the syntax is an object file (.o file).
modload:
Loads a specified loadable kernel module into the running system.
modprobe:
Probes for modules in Linux.
modstat:
Shows the status of any loadable kernel modules present in the kernel.
modunload:
Unloads a previously loaded module from a running system.
modunload:
Unloads a previous loaded module from a running system.
mofcomp:
Compiles MOF files to CIM classes. These files can also be converted to Java.
mogrify:
Modifies images by scaling, rotating, twisting and cropping. It also converts image files.
monacct:
Creates accounting summary files in /var/adm/acct/fiscal and restarts summary files in /var/adm/acct/sum.
monacct:
Creates accounting summary files and places them into /var/adm/acct/fiscal. Also restarts summary files in /var/adm/acct/sum.
monitord:
Manages licenses for each login.
mopchk:
Shows information about MOP images.
mopd:
Is a MOP loader daemon that services MOP load requests on the Ethernet connected to one or all interfaces.
mopprobe:
Shows Ethernet address and node name for DEC servers 100/200/250/300 connected to one or all interfaces.
moptrace:
Shows the contents of MOP packages on the Ethernet connected to one or all interfaces.
more:
Shows a textfile one page at a time. Continues reading files specified on the command line.
mosy:
Manages conversion of ASN.1, SMI, and MIB definitions to object definitions for the command snmpinfo.
mount:
Mounts a file system or shows a file system that is already mounted. The file system can be local or remote.
mountall:
Mounts all file systems from the file system table.
mountd, rpc.mountd:
Answers file system mount requests and NFS access information checks.
mount_ados:
Is used to mount an Amiga DOS file system.
mount_cd9660:
Mounts an ISO-9660 file system found on the specified device to the specified mount point path.
mount_ext2fs:
Mounts an extended2 file system found on the specified device and attaches that to the specified destination directory.
mount_fdesc:
Mounts an instance of the per-process file descriptor namespace to the file system.
mount_ffs:
Mounts a Berkeley Fast File System on the specified device and node.
mount_kernfs:
Mounts an instance of the kernel parameter namespace to the global filesystem.
mount_mfs:
Creates a file system in the virtual memory and then mounts it on the specified node.
mount_msdos:
Mounts an MS-DOS file system to the specified special device at the specified node.
mount_nfs:
Mounts the NFS directory located on the computer specified to the mount point.
mount_null:
Duplicates a subtree of the file system namespace and creates a null file system layer.
mount_portal:
Mounts an instance of the portal daemon to the global file system namespace.
mount_procfs:
Mounts an instance of the process namespace to the global file system namespace.
mount_ufs:
Mounts a Berkeley Fast File System on the specified device to the specified mount point.
mount_umap:
Mounts a subtree of a file system with a different set of UIDs and GIDs than the local system.
mount_union:
Mounts a directory above uniondir and makes the contents of both directories visible.
mount_xfs:
Mounts one of the xfs character devices.
mouseconfig:
Manages mouse configuration.
mpage:
Prints several pages on one sheet of paper. The input files can be either plain text or PostScript.
mpartition:
Partitions an MS-DOS hard disk, to create an MS-DOS file system.
mpcfg:
"Controls the remote maintenance service information
mpg123:
Reads files or URLs and plays them on the audio device or outputs them to STDOUT.
mpstat:
Shows statistics for each processor in tabular form. Each row is for one processor activity only.
mrd:
Deletes an MS-DOS directory.
mren:
Renames or moves MS-DOS files.
mrinfo:
Shows the configuration information from a multicast router. Must be run as root.
mrouted:
Handles IP multicast routing among subnets.
mrouted:
Handles IP multicast routing among subnets.
mset:
Retrieves mapping information for the ASCII keyboard to an IBM 3270 terminal.
msgchk:
Checks for mail for current or a specified user, and reports if the messages have been read or not.
msgchk:
Checks maildrops for new incoming mail messages.
msgfmt:
Creates message object files from portable object files. It doesn't change the portable object files.
msgfmt:
Creates message object files from portable object files. It doesn't change the portable object files.
msgid:
Creates a unique message identifier.
msgs:
Read or saves system messages sent by mail.
msgs:
Is used to read or save system messages sent by mail.
msh:
Creates the Message Handler Shell (MH) and executes MH mail commands within its shell.
msh:
Reads a usual mail message file or a message file compressed with packf.
mshowfat:
Shows file allocation table entries for an MS-DOS file.
mt:
Sends commands to a tape device.
mtools:
Shows all the programs in the mtools package which are used for accessing DOS FAT volumes.
mtrace:
Shows trace information about IP multicast traffic.
mtree:
Shows the difference between a rooted directory and a specification on STDIN.
mtype:
Shows the content of an MS-DOS file.
mutt:
Manages mail boxes. Sends and reads e-mails.
mv:
Moves or renames files and directories.
mvdir:
Moves a directory within a file system.
mvdir:
Moves a directory within a file system.
mvfilt:
Alters the position of a filter rule.
mvt:
Typesets view graphs and slides in the English language.
mwm:
Is the AIX Window Manager.
mzip:
Sends commands to an Iomega ZIP drive.
named, in.named:
Is the domain name server that answers DNS request and resolves host names and finds their assigned IP address.
named-bootconf:
Converts named.boot configuration files used by BIND 4.9 or older to newer versions used by BIND 8.1.1 or later.
named-xfer:
Handles inbound zone transfer. Is used by named and should not be used directly.
named-xfer:
Is a program that is used to run inbound zone transfers.
named-xfer:
Runs inbound zone transfers. It is used by in.named but can be used directly for debugging purposes.
named.reload:
Initiates the name server to synchronize its database. It sends a SIGHUP to the running name server.
named.restart:
Stops the running name server by sending a SIGKILL signal and starts a new name server.
named4:
Manages the DNS daemon. Is a lighter version of named8.
named8:
Is a daemon that manages DNS services.
namei:
Shows which kind of file each part of a pathname is. Follows symbolic links until they stop in a proper file.
namerslv:
Changes the domain name server (DNS) routines in the system configuration database.
native2ascii:
Converts files into Latin-1 and Unicode-encoded characters if they contain other character encoding.
navigator:
Shows the AnswerBook on-line documentation.
nawk:
Is a newer version of awk. Iit is usually used to search for patterns specified by ' scriptstr '.
nawk, awk:
Scans each input file for lines that match any of a set of patterns specified as a string.
nc:
Is used for TCP and UDP connections and listens.
ncab2clf:
Converts the binary log files from the Solaris Network Cache and Accelerator to Common Log File format.
ncftp:
Is a browser program for the Internet FTP service.
ncftpbatch:
Processes FTP requests added by the ncftp program.
ncftpget:
Transfers files from the command line or shell scripts instead of using interactive FTP programs.
ncftpls:
Creates remote directories listings without using interactive FTP programs.
ncftpput:
Transfers files from the command line or shell scripts instead of using interactive FTP programs.
ncheck:
Shows a list with paths and i-node numbers for all files on a specified device.
ncheck:
Shows a list with paths and inode numbers for all files on a specified device.
ncheck_ffs, ncheck:
Creates a list of file names and inode numbers for the given file system.
ncopy:
Copies files over the NetWare network.
ncpmount:
Mounts volumes on a NetWare file server.
ncpumount:
Unmounts a NetWare file system that was previously mounted with the ncpmount.
ndc:
Administers and manages the operations of a name server.
ndc:
Allows the administrator of the name server to send commands to the name server.
ndd:
Modifies configuration parameters, but currently only for the TCP/IP protocol family.
ndp:
Manages the IPv6-to-Ethernet or token-ring address translation tables used by IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol.
ndpd-host:
Manages the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for non-kernel activities: Router Discovery, Prefix Discovery, Parameter Discovery, and Redirects.
ndpd-router:
Manages the NDP protocol for non-kernel activities. Provides router advertisement.
ndx:
Creates a subject-page index for a document.
neqn:
"Is a preprocessor for the command nroff
neqn:
Is a preprocessor for the command nroff and is used to help out in equations.
neqn:
Is a preprocessor for the command nroff. It helps when writing equations and is primarily used with terminals.
netconf:
Is an interactive user interface that allows configuration of a TCP/IP network.
netconfig:
Configures the network on the command line or in interactive mode.
netgroup_mkdb:
Creates netgroup databases (/etc/netgroup.db) from the /etc/netgroup file and saves it in /etc/netgroup.db.
netpmon:
Shows activity and reporst network I/O statistics and network-related CPU usage.
netreport:
Requests network management scripts send a SIGIO signal when network interface changes occur.
netscape:
Is a graphic based web browser.
netstat:
Shows statistics and other network information, based on options selected.
newalias:
Installs new elm aliases for system and/or user.
newaliases:
Rebuilds the mail aliases file.
newer:
Compares modification times of two files and exits successfully if file1 is at least as old as file2.
newfile:
Converts a text file into an INed structured file.
newform:
Changes the format of a text file line by line.
newform:
Changes format of a text file line by line.
newfs:
Creates a new file system using defaults based on the disk label created by disklabel.
newfs:
Creates a new file system with the FSType UFS.
newfs_msdos:
Creates a new MS-DOS file system on the device.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective groupID to the specified group.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective group ID to the specified group.
newgrp:
Changes a user's real and effective groupID to group.
newkey:
Creates new Diffie-Hellman public keys needed for secure RPC or NFS services.
newkey:
Creates new Diffie-Hellman public keys that are needed for secure RPC or NFS services.
news:
Shows information about current events described in the directory /var/news.
news:
Informs about current events described in directory /var/news.
newsyslog:
Archives system log files at intervals or when log file exceeds a specified size.
newsyslog:
Saves the old log file messages and starts with a new, empty log file.
newusers:
Updates and creates new users in batch. User information is taken from the specified file.
nfsd, rpc.nfsd:
Manages NFS file system requests for clients.
nfsiod:
Improves performance for NFS asynchronous I/O requests for its server.
nfslogd:
Creates the activity log with information from the RPC operations that were processed by the NFS server.
nfso:
Manages the configuration of NFS network variables.
nfsstat:
Shows NFS and RPC statistics.
nhfsstone:
Benchmarks Network File System (NFS).
nice:
Starts commands to be run in a different priority.
nim:
Manages configuration of NIM objects.
nimclient:
Runs NIM operations from a NIM client.
nimconfig:
Manages the configuration of a NIM master package.
nimdef:
Manages NIM client definitions.
niminit:
Manages the configuration of a NIM client package.
nisaddcred:
Manages NIS+ credentials that are used for authentication.
nisaddcred:
Manages NIS+ credentials that are used for authentication.
nisaddent:
Creates NIS+ table entries using files from the /etc directory and from NIS maps.
nisaddent:
Creates NIS+ table entries by using files from the /etc directory and from NIS maps.
nisauthconf:
Manages security authentication in NIS+.
nisbackup:
Manages backups of NIS+ directory objects on a NIS+ master server.
niscat:
Shows NIS+ tables or objects.
niscat:
Shows NIS+ tables or objects.
nischgrp:
Manages group ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischgrp:
Manages group ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischmod:
Manage permission for a NIS+ object.
nischmod:
Manages permission for a NIS+ object.
nischown:
Manages the ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischown:
Manages the ownership of a NIS+ object.
nischttl:
Manages the time-to-live for NIS+ objects.
nischttl:
Manages the time-to-live for NIS+ objects.
nisclient:
Is a script for managing NIS+ environment for clients and users.
nisclient:
Initializes NIS+ environment for clients and users.
nisctl:
Shows NIS statistics and flushes NIS cache information from the NIS database.
nisctl:
Shows NIS statistics and flushes NIS cache information from the NIS database.
nisdefaults:
Shows default values returned by NIS+ local name functions.
nisdefaults:
Is a utility that shows default values returned by NIS+ local name functions.
nisdomainname:
Shows or sets system's NIS domain name.
niserror:
Shows NIS+ error messages.
niserror:
Shows NIS+ error messages from error codes.
nisgrep:
Searches for entries in a NIS+ table by using regular expression patterns.
nisgrep:
Searches for entries in a NIS+ table by using regular expression patterns.
nisgrpadm:
Manages NIS+ groups. It can create, delete, or show groups and memberships.
nisgrpadm:
Manages NIS+ groups. It can create, delete or show groups and memberships.
nisinit:
Sets up NIS+ servers or clients.
nisinit:
Sets up NIS+ servers or clients.
nisln:
Creates links between NIS+ objects and NIS+ names.
nisln:
Creates links between NIS+ objects and NIS+ names.
nislog:
Shows the contents of the NIS+ transaction log.
nislog:
Shows the contents of the NIS+ transaction log.
nisls:
Shows the content of a NIS+ directory.
nisls:
Show a NIS+ directory content.
nismatch:
Searches for NIS+ tables.
nismatch:
Searches for NIS+ tables.
nismkdir:
Creates subdirectories in a NIS+ domain.
nismkdir:
Creates a new NIS+ directory within an existing domain. Creates replicated directories and also subdirectories that have the same master.
nismkuser:
Creates a new user account in the NIS+ account database.
nisopaccess:
Administration tool to configure the access for NIS+ operations.
nispasswd:
Manages NIS+ passwords.
nisping:
Manages updates between NIS+ servers.
nisping:
Manages updates between NIS+ servers.
nispopulate:
Populates NIS+ tables using files or maps.
nispopulate:
Populates NIS+ tables by using files or maps.
nisprefadm:
Manages NIS+ server preferences for NIS+ clients.
nisrestore:
Restores a NIS+ directory from an existing backup.
nisrm:
Deletes NIS+ objects.
nisrm:
Deletes NIS+ objects.
nisrmdir:
Deletes NIS+ directories.
nisrmdir:
Deletes NIS+ directories.
nisrmuser:
Removes a user from the NIS+ user account database.
nisserver:
Manages the setup of a NIS+ server.
nisserver:
Manages the setup of a NIS+ server.
nissetup:
Creates a NIS+ domain.
nissetup:
Creates a NIS+ domain.
nisshowcache:
Shows the content of the NIS+ shared cache file.
nisshowcache:
Shows the content of the NIS+ shared cache file.
nisstat:
Queries a NIS+ server for statistics.
nisstat:
Queries a NIS+ server for statistics.
nistbladm:
Is used to create, delete, add, modify and remove entries from NIS+ tables.
nistbladm:
NIS+ table administration command. The five primary operations are to: create, delete, add, modify, and remove entries from tables.
nistest:
Allows shell scripts and other programs to test for NIS objects and access rights in an NIS+ database.
nistest:
Tests NIS+ permissions, entries, types, and the like.
nisupdkeys:
Manages public keys in a NIS+ object directory.
nisupdkeys:
Manages public keys in a NIS+ object directory.
nis_cachemgr:
Is a daemon that manages cache information about NIS+ server locations and directories.
nis_cachemgr:
Is a daemon that manages cache information about NIS+ server locations and directories.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result on STDOUT.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result to STDOUT.
nl:
Reads lines from STDIN or a file, adds line numbers, and shows the result to STDOUT.
nlsadmin:
Manages the network listener processes which are configured individually. Every network relates to at least one listener.
nm:
Shows a table of the symbol names used for the specified ELF object file.
nmbd:
Is a server that replies to NetBIOS over IP name service requests from a Windows client.
nmblookup:
Requests NetBIOS names and maps them to IP addresses.
no:
Manages configuration of network attributes.
noglob:
Turns of file globing for the command. No file name will be expanded.
nohup:
Is a way to run a command which will be immune to any hang up signals.
nologin:
Is a shell used only to deny a user to login. Shows the user the contents of /etc/nologin.txt.
notify:
Will notify a user asynchronous when the status of a job is changed. If job is not given, the current job is used.
nprint:
Prints files to print queues located on a NetWare file server.
nrglbd:
Controls the global location broker database.
nroff:
Processes a text file and formats the output for use with a letter quality printer or line printer.
nscd:
Provides cache for name services. It is a daemon process that caches passwd, hosts, and groups databases.
nsend:
Sends messages to NetWare users or user groups.
nslookup:
Contacts and sends queries to DNS servers interactively or non-interactively.
nstest:
Tests DNS queries interactively in a shell environment. The result is shown to STDOUT.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate:
Updates DNS name servers interactively or non-interactively.
nsupdate8:
Creates a DNS update packet readable by a BIND 8 nameserver.
ntpdate:
Sets the local date and time via the NTP. Gets time from any specified NTP servers.
ntpdate:
Sets the local date and time via the NTP. Gets time from any specified NTP servers.
ntpq:
Sends queries to a NTP server that supports the NTP mode 6 control message format.
ntpq:
Queries a NTP server that supports the NTP mode 6 control message format by the command line or interactively.
ntptrace:
Traces the master time source. Shows where the specified server received its time.
ntptrace:
Traces the master time source. Shows where the specified server received its time.
ntsysv:
Configures run levels to set what services that should be started or stopped.
nulladm:
Creates a file with the mode 644, using the owner and group adm.
nulladm:
Creates a file with the mode 644, by using the owner and group adm.
number:
Shows the written form of a number.
nwauth:
Logs into a NetWare server. If no arguments are given, the user's .nvclient file is used.
nwbocreate:
Creates a NetWare bindery object.
nwbols:
Shows specified NetWare bindery objects that are visible for the user.
nwboprops:
Shows all the properties of the specified NetWare bindery objects.
nwborm:
Removes a NetWare bindery object.
nwbpadd:
Specifies the value of a NetWare bindery property.
nwbpcreate:
Creates the specified NetWare property.
nwbprm:
Removes the specified NetWare bindery property.
nwbpset:
Creates a Bindery property or configures the values.
nwbpvalues:
Shows NetWare bindery property's contents.
nwdir:
Shows files, directories, and their attributes from a NetWare directory.
nwfsctrl:
Performs commands remotely on a NetWare server.
nwfsinfo:
Shows some information about a NetWare server without logging in.
nwfstime:
Shows or sets a NetWare server's date and time.
nwgrant:
Adds a bindery object with the matching trustee rights to a directory.
nwmsg:
Is called using kerneld when a NetWare server sends a broadcast message.
nwpasswd:
Changes a user's password.
nwpurge:
Permanently erases previously erased files.
nwrevoke:
Revokes the specified NetWare bindery object with corresponding trustee rights from the directory.
nwrights:
Asks a NetWare server for the effective rights in a file or directory for the user.
nwsfind:
Searches for a NetWare server and locates a route to the server.
nwtrustee:
Shows the trustee directories' assignments that a user has on a volume.
nwuserlist:
Shows information about the users logged in to a NetWare server.
nwvolinfo:
Shows information on a NetWare server volume.
objcopy:
Copies object files using the GNU BFD Library.
objdump:
Shows information about object files.
objdump:
Shows information about object files. Information shown is controlled by given options.
ocfserv:
Is a central communication point for smartcards that are connected to the host.
od:
Reads a file from STDIN or from a specified file and exports the content to STDOUT in octal format.
odmadd:
Adds objects to object classes in the ODM.
odmchange:
Manages modification of a specified object class in the ODM.
odmcreate:
Creates ODM object classes.
odmdelete:
Erases objects from object classes in the ODM.
odmdrop:
Erases an object class from the ODM.
odmget:
Creates an input file for odmadd by retreiveing data from classes inside the ODM.
odmshow:
Shows an ODM object class.
odvitype:
Checks and translate DVI files to human-readable form.
oldps:
Shows process status information.
oldrdist:
Is a file distribution program that remotely maintains copies of files over multiple hosts.
olf2elf:
Converts from OLF to ELF object module format.
omega, iniomega, viromega:
Converts extended Unicode TeX.
on:
Runs commands on other systems using the local environment.
on:
Runs commands on other systems by using the local environment.
onintr:
Specifies the shell will do with an interrupt. If option isn't given normal interrupt handle are restored.
openssl:
Performs various cryptographic functions from the shell and can creates certificates.
openssl:
Performs various cryptographic functions from the shell and can creates certificates.
openvt:
Opens a new virtual terminal and runs the specified command with the arguments specified.
openwin:
Is a script that helps you start OpenWindow the correct way.
optisa:
Asks isalist for the best instruction set to use.
oslevel:
Shows the maintenance level of the system.
ospf_monitor:
Shows statistics about OSPF routers.
otp-md4:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the MD4 hash algorithm.
otp-md5:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the MD5 hash algorithm.
otp-rmd160:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the rmd160 hash algorithm.
otp-sha1:
Creates one-time passwords to authenticate access to a computer system with the sha1 hash algorithm.
owplaces:
Shows on a specified screen what applications clients are running.
pac:
Prepares printer/plotter accounting records for each user of the selected printer or for the specified users.
pac:
Shows you general statistics about a printer or a plotter.
pack:
Compresses files into .z format. Each file is compressed and replaced and retains access rights and dates.
pack:
Is a packing tool used for maintaining a packing list.
pack:
Compresses files into .z format. Each file is compressed and replaced. The compressed file will has the same access rights and dates.
packf:
Copies and formats messages from a folder into a file.
packf:
Copies and formats messages from a folder into a file.
page:
Shows a text file one page at a time, press Space to view the next page of the file.
page:
Shows a textfile one page at a time.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of one page of the memory in bytes.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of memory.
pagesize:
Shows the page size of memory.
panel20:
Monitors activity between an HIA and the 5080 control unit.
passmass:
Lets you change passwords on many computers.
passmgmt:
Adds, deletes or modifies data in the password files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.
passwd:
Changes login password and password attributes for the current or the specified user.
paste:
Creates vertical columns of the content in the specified input files.
patch:
Makes changes to files with patch files.
patch-metamail:
Attempts to retrieve a patch from a server via FTP and install in the local metamail installation directory.
patchadd:
Installs patches and updates system files. Patches can be installed from a directory or one by one.
patchrm:
Restores saved original files that existed before a patch was installed.
pathchk:
Is used to check if the specified path or paths are valid.
pathchk:
Checks whether the file or files specified are valid or portable.
pathchk:
Checks whether the path or paths specified are valid.
pax:
Manages archives. It can also copy directory structures from one location to another.
pax:
Administer archives. Lists members, extracts archives and archive files.
pax:
Administers archives. Lists archive members, extracts archives and archive files, and copies directory structures from one location to another.
pbind:
Manages the bindings between processes and processors.
pcat:
Shows the content of compressed files. pcat unpacks the file to a temporary place before showing it.
pcat:
Shows content of files that are compressed. Will unpack file to a temporary place before showing it.
pcinitrd:
Creates an initrd RAM disk image, which can be useful to boot the system from a PCMCIA device.
pclbanner:
Prints a PCL banner on a fixed-size font printer.
pclient:
Opens an Xstation connection for a limited time.
pcmciastat:
Shows socket status for PCMCIA devices.
pctr:
Shows the current values of TSC and can access the pctr pseudo device on i386-compatible computers.
pdelay:
Manages the availability of delayed login ports.
pdisable:
Disables a login port.
penable:
Shows or enables a login port.
perfmeter:
Monitors performance statistics in either strip charts or meter dials.
perl:
Is a programming language. Perl stands for Practical Extraction Report Language.
perlbug:
Creates bug reports for perl.
perlbug:
Is used to create bug reports for perl.
perlbug:
Creates bug reports for perl.
perldoc:
Finds and shows perl documentation from inside installations trees or scripts.
perldoc:
Is used to find and show Perl documentation from inside installation's trees or scripts.
perldoc:
Finds and shows perl documentation from inside installations trees or scripts.
pfbtops:
Converts a PostScript font in .pfb format into ASCII format.
pfbtops:
Converts a PostScript font in .pfb format into ASCII format.
pfexec, pfsh, pfcsh, pfksh:
Runs a command with a specific profile like user ID, group ID, and so forth.
pfinstall:
Tests an installation profile to check the action before using it to install or upgrade.
pg:
Shows a file's content on the screen one page at a time, and prompts for the next page.
pg:
Shows a files content on the screen one page at a time and prompts for the next page.
pgrep:
Searches for specific processes by using different criteria.
pgrep:
Searches for specific processes by using different criteria.
pg_ctl:
Starst, stops, or restarts the postmaster.
pg_dump:
Extracts a Postgres database into a script file.
pg_dumpall:
Extracts all Postgres databases into a script file.
pg_passwd:
Manipulates the flat password file for Postgres.
pg_upgrade:
Allows upgrade from a previous release without reloading data.
phold:
Holds a set of login ports so users cannot log in on that port.
photurisd:
It is a daemon used for IPSec key management.
pick:
Filters messages through specified expressions.
pick:
Filters messages through specified expressions.
ping:
Sends ICMP echo requests to specified hosts. The remote host will, if it can, respond with a ICMP echo reply.
pinky:
Shows information about users. Similar to finger.
pioattred:
Manages attributes for a virtual printer.
piobe:
Is the print job manager, a spooler backend program called by the qdaemon to process a print job.
pioburst:
Creates a burst text from the specified file, and shows it on STDOUT.
piocnvt:
Expands or compresses a virtual printer definition file.
piodigest:
Converts a colon file to a memory image file to use with the piobe command.
piodmgr:
Compacts the Object Data Manager database.
piofontin:
Copies fonts from a diskette to the system.
pioformat:
Initiates the printer formatter driver.
piofquote:
Reads data from STDIN, modifies control characters destined for PostScript printers, and writes the data to STDOUT.
piolpx:
Adds backend printer support for printers attached to an Xstation.
piolsvp:
Shows all virtual printers and attachment types on the system.
piomgpdev:
Is used to manage pseudo-devices for printer attachments.
piomkapqd:
Builds a SMIT dialog for a new printer and a new print queue.
piomkpq:
Creates new printer devices and print queues and virtual printers.
piomsg:
"Recovers and sends a backend message to one or several users
pioout:
Reads data from STDIN and writes it to the printer. This is the end command of a pipeline started piobe.
piopredef:
Creates a predefined printer definition using a virtual printer definition as a template.
pkgadd:
Installs or spools software packages into the system.
pkgask:
Creates an answer file, which can then be used as input to questions at installation time. Can be used to prevent any interactions during installation.
pkgchk:
Checks the accuracy of installed files and shows package files information.
pkginfo:
Shows one line of information about each package that is installed on the system.
pkgmk:
Creates an installable package to use as the input into the command pkgadd.
pkgparam:
Shows the value of the package parameters; values are stored in the pkginfo-file for pkginst.
pkgproto:
Creates prototype file entries to be used as input to the pkgmk command.
pkgrm:
Erases a package from the system or from a spooling area.
pkgtrans:
Converts installable packages from file system format to datastream and reverse, or from one file system to another.
pkg_add:
Installs software package distributions.
pkg_create:
Utility for creating software package distributions.
pkg_delete:
It used to remove a previously installed software packages from the system.
pkg_info:
Is used to show information about software packages, both installed and not installed.
pkill:
Finds and kilsl processes by signaling it with the kill command.
pkill:
Finds and kills processes by signaling it with the kill command.
pl2pm:
Converts perl4 files to perl5 modules.
pl2pm:
Is used to convert perl4 .pl files to perl5 .pm modules.
pl2pm:
Converts perl4 files to perl5 modules.
plimit:
Sets or gets the resource limits of a running process identified by process ID list. Only the owner of a process or a superuser is permitted to modify the limits.
plotgbe:
Prints HP-GL files on a plotter.
plotlbe:
Prints HP-GL files on a plotter.
pmadm:
Manages port monitor services on the system.
pmake:
Compiles files depending on other files based on a makefile, and it does this in parallel mode.
pmap_set:
Restarts a running portmapper or sets the list of registrated RPC programs on the local host. For restarting the portmapper you must redirect the output of pmap_dump to a file.
pmconfig:
Activates the power management system by reading a configuration file called power.conf.
pmctrl:
Manages power management on the system.
pnpdump:
Dumps ISA Plug-and-Play device resource information to a specified file or STDOUT.
pnpprobe:
Searches the ISA bus for Plug and Play sound cards.
pntadm:
Manages the DHCP network table by, for example, adding, removing, or commenting hostnames or IP addresses.
pod2html:
Converts pod to HTML files.
pod2latex:
Converts Perl pod document files into LaTeX document files.
pod2man:
Generates *roff input from a POD source which can then be shown on STDOUT using nroff or to a printer using troff.
pod2text:
Converts POD files into formatted ASCII text files.
pom:
Shows the current moon phase.
pop3d:
Is the daemon for the post office protocol version 3.
popd:
Pops a directory from the directory stack and changes to it.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers. Must be running to enable RPC calls.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers.
portmap:
Converts RPC program numbers into DARPA protocol port numbers.
portmir:
Attaches one tty stream to another and monitor the user session on that stream.
ports:
Creates symbolic links in /dev/term, /dev/cua0 and inittab for serial ports.
post:
Delivers messages to local and remote users. Must be started from another program.
post:
Delivers messages to local and remote users. Is the default program for send to use.
postgres:
Runs a Postgres single-user backend.
postgresql-dump:
Administers PostgreSQL when the database format is incompatible with an old version.
postio:
Sends files via the serial interface to a PostScript printer.
postmaster:
Runs the Postgres multiuser backend.
postprint:
Translates text files into PostScript and writes to STDOUT.
postreverse:
Reverses the page order in a PostScript file of Adobe's Version 1.0 or 2.0 format.
powerd:
A power daemon that manages two types of system shutdown: automatic or low power.
poweroff:
Writes pending information to disk, stops the processing and powers off the computer.
poweroff:
Writes pending information to disk, stops the processing, and powers off the computer.
ppp:
Creates user PPP links over the tunnel device.
ppp-watch:
Runs from within a ifup-ppp script that allows PPP interfaces to act like other interfaces.
pppattachd:
Attaches an asynchronous device stream to the PPP subsystem.
pppcontrold:
Is the daemon that controls the PPP protocol.
pppctl:
Is used to control the PPP daemon.
pppd:
Starts the Point to Point Protocol daemon.
pppd:
Starts the Point-to-Point Protocol daemon.
pppdial:
Connects to a remote system using the PPP protocol.
pppdump:
Converts PPP record file to readable format.
pppoe:
Runs the user-space PPPoE client.
pppoe-server:
Starts the user-space server for PPPoE
pppoe-sniff:
Examines network for non-standard PPPoE frames.
pppstat:
Monitors active PPP links.
pppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics for a PPP-interface. The statistics are shown since the last report.
pppstats:
Shows PPP-related statistics for a PPP interface. The statistics are shown since the last report.
pprof:
Shows CPU usage of kernel threads.
pqlist:
Shows print queues on a NetWare server.
pqrm:
Removes print requests from a NetWare print queue.
pqstat:
Shows the specified NetWare print queue, showing the jobs being processed.
pr:
Filters printing and pagination, each input file/files are read, formatted and written to STDOUT.
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases. If no key is specified all keys and their values are shown.
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases
praliases:
Shows system mail aliases. If no key is specified, all keys and their values will be shown.
praudit:
Reads files or STDIN and shows the specified data as audit trail records.
prctmp:
Shows the session record file.
prctmp:
Shows the session record file that is created by acctcon1.
prdaily:
Is a shell procedure that formats and reports previous accounting data from /var/adm/acct/sum/rprtmmdd.
prdaily:
Formats and reports the previous day's accounting data from /var/adm/acct/sum/rprt/mmdd.
prex:
Is an interface to control, manipulate, or debug a process or the kernel.
primes:
Shows primes, one per line, in ascending order.
print:
Shows any arguments on the STDOUT.
print:
Is used to show any arguments on the STDOUT.
print:
Shows any arguments on the STDOUT.
printenv:
Shows the variable values in the environment.
printf:
Interprets certain characters in the format string.
printmail:
Shows all mails in your mailbox.
printmgr:
Manages local and remote printer access in a network using X-window.
printtool:
Is an OpenWindow GUI-tool for printing files.
priocntl:
Manages scheduling parameters for processes. There are four main ways to use it; specified by the first option.
privatepw:
Administers WU-FTPD group access file information.
prof:
Shows data from a profile file produced by the monitor function.
prof:
Shows data from a profile file produced by the monitor function.
proff:
Formats text for printers that use personal printer data streams.
profiles:
Shows execution profiles for the user specified with process attributes used when started using a privileged command interpreter such as: pfcsh, pfksh, and pfexec.
proto:
Creates a prototype of a file system.
proxymngr:
Is the proxy manager service that determines client requests, keeping track of available and starting new proxies.
prs:
Shows selected portions, all, or parts of an SCCS delta table history.
prs, sccs-prs:
Shows selected portions, all, or parts of an SCCS delta table history.
prstat:
Shows statistics about active processes according to selected sort order and output mode.
prt:
Shows selected delta table information of an SCCS file.
prtacct:
Is a shell procedure used to format and print TACCT (total accounting) files.
prtacct:
A shell procedure used to format and print TACCT (total accounting) files.
prtconf:
Shows system configuration information.
prtdiag:
Shows information about the system and diagnostic information.
prtty:
Prints directly to a terminal's printer port.
prtvtoc:
Reads the VTOC in order to show disk geometry and partitioning.
ps:
Shows process ID, execution time, command name, terminal and other information about the active processes.
ps2ascii:
Is a Ghostscript converter from PostScript or PDF to ASCII format.
ps2epsi:
Converts a PostScript file and creates a new file in Adobe's Encapsulated PostScript Interchange format.
ps2pdf:
Converts a PostScript file into a file in Adobe Portable Document Format.
psbanner:
Prints a PostScript banner on a fixed-size font printer.
psbb:
Shows the bounding box information from PostScript documents.
pserver:
Connects to a NetWare server's print queues and sends the incoming print jobs to the Linux printing system.
pshare:
Shows or enables shared login ports.
psql:
Starts Postgres interactive terminal.
psradm:
Changes the operational status of one or more processors.
psrinfo:
Shows processor information. Shows online/off-line status, powered on/off status and when the status was last modified.
pstart:
Enables login ports listed in the /etc/inittab file.
pstat:
Shows system tables on STDOUT.
pstat:
Shows open file entries, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structure information.
pstree:
Shows the current processes in a tree format.
pstruct, c2ph:
Translates C to perl code (union and structure declarations).
pstruct, c2ph:
Translates C to Perl code (union and structure declarations). It takes .c, .h, or .s files and shows the C program structure.
pswrap:
Creates wraps that send PostScript language code to the PostScript Interpreter.
pswrap:
Creates wraps by sending segments of PostScript language code from the specified file to the PostScript Interpreter.
pts:
Administers AFS users and groups.
ptx:
Reads the specified text file or STDIN, shuffles the words and phrases within it, and writes it to outputfile.
ptx:
Makes a permuted index of the specified file's contents.
pump:
Is a network interface manager daemon working with the DHCP or BOOTP protocol.
pushd:
Changes to a new working directory and places the current working directory into a direcory stack.
pushln:
Pushes a string to the editor buffer stack.
putdev:
Adds, removes, or modifies a device in the device table.
putdgrp:
Manages the device group table.
pvs:
Shows internal version information contained within an executable file.
pwck:
Verifies the integrity of password files.
pwck:
Searches the password file for field number validation, user and group IDs, login names, and the like.
pwconv:
Modifies or creates the shadow password file /etc/shadow from the passwd password file.
pwconv:
Modifies or creates the file /etc/shadow from the standard /etc/passwd file.
pwd:
Shows the absolute path to the current working directory.
pwdadm:
Manages user passwords.
pwdck:
Verifies password information.
pwd_mkdb:
Creates a secured or unsecured database for the specified file and installs it into /etc/master.passwd.
pwunconv:
Converts from shadow password file to standard passwd file.
qadm:
Manages printers, spoolers, queues, and print jobs.
qcan:
Cancels print jobs.
qchk:
Shows information about a print queue.
qdaemon:
Is a daemon that controls the scheduling of queued print jobs.
qhld:
Manages hold and release for spooled print jobs.
qmov:
Moves spooled print jobs between queues.
qosstat:
Shows the status of the Quality of Service.
qpri:
Gives priority to a job in a print queue.
qprt:
Prints a specific print job.
qstatus:
Shows spooling system status.
quiz:
Runs a quiz that tests knowledge in the specified subject. Shows a list of subjects if run without arguments.
quiz:
Runs a quiz that tests knowledge in the specified subject. Shows a list of subjects if run without arguments.
quot:
Shows the amount of 1024-blocks in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quot:
Shows the number of blocks in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quot:
Shows the amount of blocks (1024 bytes) in the file system that each user currently owns and summarizes the information.
quota:
Shows the disk usage and limits for a user on mounted file systems.
quotacheck:
Will check and update the quota for mounted file system.
quotaoff:
Turns off disk quotas for file systems.
quotaon:
Enables disk quotas for file systems.
r:
Reruns the last command.
raid0run:
Starts up old RAID0 or LINEAR arrays.
raidctl:
Configures RAID frame disk drivers
raidstart:
Starts existing RAID devices.
raidstop:
Stops an existing RAID device.
ramsize:
Sets the RAM disk size for the system, and is equivalent to rdev -r.
random:
Snapshots a random state, then reloads that state at boot time a random number generator.
random:
Copies lines it reads from the STDINt to the STDOUT with a probability of 1/value.
ranlib:
Appends a table of contents to archive libraries so that they are linked faster.
rarp:
Alters the information in the kernels RARP table.
rarpd:
Provides MAC-address-to-IP-address resolution to workstations at startup.
raw:
Binds a Linux raw character device.
rb:
Will receive files using YMODEM, XMODEM, and ZMODEM protocols.
rbootd:
Is a server for Hewlett-Packard workstations on a local network.
rc:
Manages startup initialization of the system based upon the contents of the entries in the /etc/inittab file.
rc:
Starts and stops services when the system runlevel changes.
rc:
Runs system housekeeping and starts up system daemons.
rc.powerfail:
Manages system shutdown if a power failure occurs.
rcp:
Copies files between two computers. The computer can be local or remote.
rcs:
Creates and or changes the attributes of RCS files.
rcs:
Creates and/or changes the attributes of RCS files.
rcsclean:
Removes files based upon revision differences. If there is no difference, it removes the working file.
rcsclean:
Erases files based upon revision differences.
rcsdiff:
Compares different versions of RCS files using the diff command.
rcsdiff:
Compares different versions of RCS files using the diff command.
rcsfreeze:
Assigns a unique revision number (freeze) to all RCS files that are checked in.
rcsmerge:
Merges two RCS files by finding the differences between them, then creating a new file.
rcsmerge:
Merges two RCS files by first comparing the differences between them, and then creates a new file.
rcvdist:
Reads mail from STDIN and forwards it to other addresses.
rcvdist:
Forwards mail to other addresses. It reads mail from STDIN.
rcvpack:
Packs incoming messages using the packf command.
rcvpack:
Creates a copy of the message and saves it in the specified file.
rcvstore:
Adds messages from STDIN into a mailbox folder.
rcvstore:
Adds messages from STDIN into a mailbox folder.
rcvtty:
Is used to report if new mail arrives.
rcvtty:
Reports a new mail. Runs a command with the message as its STDIN, and shows the results on the screen.
rdate:
Gets the time from a specified remote system and sets or shows it on the local system.
rdate:
Gets the time from a specified remote system and sets or shows it on the local system.
rdate:
Sets system date and time from a remote host.
rdconfig:
Configures RAM disk devices.
rdev:
Shows or sets the root device for bootable Linux kernel images.
rdist:
Distributes files from one computer to others. Will keep the owner, group, mode and modification times.
rdistd:
Is used by the rdist command as a remote file distribution server program.
rdistd:
Is used by the rdist command as a remote file distribution server program.
rdjpgcom:
Shows the embedded comments in JPEG files.
rdump:
Copies files for backup from your computer to a remote computer.
read:
Reads a line from STDIN.
readfile:
Shows INed structure files.
readlink:
Shows the destination name of a symbolic link.
readlink:
Shows the destination name of a symbolic link.
readlvcopy:
Reads a mirrored copy of a logical volume.
readonly:
Sets a variable read-only. If no name is given show all read-only variables.
readprofile:
Shows kernel profile information to STDOUT in a three-column table if the profile buffer exists.
reboot:
Restarts the operating system.
rec:
Records audio.
reconfig:
Converts the older Xconfig file format to the XF86config file format.
red:
Is a restricted version of the ed editor.
red:
Is a restricted version of ed and is often used to edit files automatically in a script.
red:
Is a text editor similar to the ed utility but is a restricted version. Only allows editing of files in current directory and does not allow the use of shell commands by using the !.
redefinevg:
Is used to redefine a volume group definition in the ODM.
reducevg:
Removes hard drives from a volume group.
refer, grefer:
Finds and formats references as a preprocessor for nroff or troff.
refresh:
Refreshes daemons.
regcmp:
Compiles regular expressions in a file and places the output in file.i.
regcmp:
Compiles the regular expressions in a file and place the output in file.i.
rehash:
Recalculates the internal hash table.
reject:
Rejects print queue requests to the specified destination.
rembak:
Sends print jobs to a queue on a remote host.
remove:
Removes files from the directories var/adm/acct/sum and var/adm/acct/nite.
removef:
Removes a file from the software database. The output is a list of erasable pathnames that may be safely erased.
rem_drv:
Reports to the system that the device driver is invalid. It will unload the device driver from memory if possible, and it will also update the system driver configuration files.
rename:
Renames multiple files by replacing strings.
renice:
Alters the priority of currently running processes.
reorgvg:
Reorganizes allocations for physical partitions in a volume group.
repeat:
Executes a command a specified number of times.
replacepv:
Replaces a disk in a volume group.
repquota:
Shows the quota limit and the usage of the file systems.
reset:
Is a link to tset. Resets some default settings before it runs.
reset:
Restores a session's run-time parameters to default values.
reset:
Links to the tset command that determines and configures terminals.
reset:
Resets the terminal to default values.
resize:
Shows current size of the xterm window and will set the TERMCAP settings to active window.
resize2fs:
Resizes an ext2 file system on specified device altering the amount of blocks to size.
resolve_links:
Manages cross-book links to HTML books that are not installed in the system.
restbase:
Restores base-customized information from the boot image into the device configuration database during startup.
restore:
Restores files from archives created with the backup command.
restore, rrestore:
Restores files or file systems from a dump backup.
restore, rrestore:
Restores files or file systems from backups made with dump.
restvg:
Restores a user-defined volume group.
return:
Reports from a shell function. If used outside a function it will function as exit.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file, or STDIN, if no file name is given.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file or STDIN.
rev:
Reverses every line of a file or STDIN if no file name is given.
revnetgroup:
Reverses the order of host and user listings in the network group /etc/netgroup file in NIS maps.
revpath:
Generates a relative path.
rexec:
Runs commands on a remote host.
rexec:
Runs commands on a remote host.
rgb:
Creates a database containing color names. Reads from STDIN and looks for the colors red, green and blue.
rgb:
Creates a database containing color names. Finds decimals for the colors followed by the color name in STDIN.
ripquery:
Queries all routes known by a RIP gateway.
rlog:
Shows information about RCS files and log messages.
rlog:
Shows information about RCS files and log messages.
rlogin:
Runs a remote login to a remote computer.
rm:
Removes files and directories from the file system.
rmail:
Administers received mail from remote hosts through Basic Networking Utilities (BNU).
rmail:
Administer received mail from remote hosts through basic networking utilities.
rmail:
Administer received mail from remote hosts through basic networking utilities (BNU).
rmail:
Sends messages in text format as mail to users, reads from STDIN or a terminal. Recipient must be a user.
rmclass:
Removes a workload management class from the system.
rmd160:
Shows a calculated checksum of the specified files.
rmdel:
Removes a delta from one or more SCCS files.
rmdel, sccs-rmdel:
Removes a delta from one ore more SCCS files.
rmdev:
Removes a device from the system.
rmdir:
Removes empty directories from the file system.
rmfilt:
Removes a filter rule from a filter table.
rmfs:
Removes a file system.
rmgroup:
Deletes a specified UNIX group from the system.
rmgroup:
Deletes a specified UNIX group from the system.
rmhist:
Removes history information from one or more INed structured files.
rmic:
Is a compiler that creates skeleton and stub class files for use with remote objects from compiled Java classes.
rmiregistry:
Starts and creates a Java remote object registry. It creates no output because it is run in the background.
rmitab:
Removes entries from the inittab file.
rmkeyserv:
Disables the keyserv daemon.
rmlv:
Removes a logical volume from a volume group.
rmlvcopy:
Removes copies from a logical volume.
rmmod:
Unloads specified loadable modules as long as they are not in use and not referred to by other modules.
rmmount:
Mounts removable media. The Volume Manager uses it to mount the device when a new media is inserted.
rmnamsv:
RemovesTCP/IP naming services from the system.
rmnfs:
Stops NFS daemons on the system.
rmnfsexp:
Disables export of a directory to an NFS client.
rmnfsmnt:
Removes an NFS mount from the system.
rmnotify:
Removes a notify method from the notify object class.
rmprtsv:
Removes a print service from a client or a server.
rmps:
Removes a paging space from the system.
rmqos:
Disables the QoS support for the system.
rmque:
Removes a print queue from the system.
rmquedev:
Removes a printer or plotter queue from the system.
rmrole:
Removes a role from the system.
rmserver:
Removes a subserver from the object class.
rmss:
Simulates the memory size in the system.
rmssys:
Removes a subsystem from the object class.
rmt:
Allows remote access to magnetic tape devices, normally started from a rexec or rcmd subroutine.
rmtun:
Erases or disables an IP tunnel.
rmuser:
Erases the specified user from the system.
rmuser:
Is a perl script that will erase the specified user from the system.
rmvfs:
Removes entries from the /etc/vfs file.
rmvirprt:
Removes a virtual printer from the system.
rmyp:
Removes NIS configurations.
rm_niscachemgr:
Disables the nis_cachemgr daemon.
rm_nisd:
Disables the rpc.nisd daemon.
rm_nispasswdd:
Disables the rpc.nispasswdd daemon.
roffbib:
Shows records in a bibliographic database in bibliography format, not as footnotes or endnotes.
roleadd:
Manages new role accounts.
roledel:
Removes a role account and its login from the system.
rolemod:
Modifies the information about a role login on the system.
roles:
Shows the roles that is granted to specified user.
rootflags:
Sets the flags used when mounting the root file system. Is the same as rdev -R.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and saves the old.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and save the old. Only for Apache Web server.
rotatelogs:
Starts a new log file and save the old.
route:
Manages and shows the routing tables on the host.
routed:
Manages routing tables for hosts on the network and updates internetwork router hosts with copies of routing tables.
routed:
Manages and provides network routing tables for hosts on the network.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.bootparamd:
Serves diskless clients with startup information at boot time.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels that don't do this automatically.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels that don't do this automatically.
rpc.lockd:
Starts the NFS lock manager (NLM). Useful for kernels who doesn't do this automatically.
rpc.nisd:
Is the NIS+ service daemon. Used to serve usernames and passwords to systems on the network.
rpc.nisd:
Is the daemon for the NIS+ service.
rpc.nisd_resolv:
Used as a DNS forwarder. Often used from rpc.nisd, can also be used from a console.
rpc.nisd_resolv:
Is used by NIS hosts as a DNS forwarder. It is often used from rpc.nisd, but can also be used from the console.
rpc.nispasswdd:
Updates the NIS+ password table on request from nispasswd or yppasswd.
rpc.nispasswdd:
Updates the NIS+ password table on request from nispasswd or yppasswd.
rpc.pcnfsd:
Is a server for PC clients that run Sun NFS systems. It provides authentication and printing requests for PC's.
rpc.pcnfsd:
Provides authentication and printing requests to and from different PC's.
rpc.rexd:
Executes programs on remote computers.
rpc.rexd:
Is used for program execution on remote computers.
rpc.rquotad:
Manages users of a local file system mounted with NFS by reporting quotas. Started by rc.net.
rpc.rquotad:
Is an RPC server that manages users of a local file system mounted over the NFS by reporting quotas.
rpc.rquotad:
Is an RPC server that manages users of a local file system mounted over the NFS by reporting quotas.
rpc.rstatd:
Returns statistics received from the kernel about performance.
rpc.rusersd:
Is the user name server that lists users on the host.
rpc.rwalld:
Is the rwall server that manages rwall requests. It is applied by using wall on all appropriate hosts.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.sprayd:
Is the server daemon for the spray command.
rpc.statd:
Performs passive monitoring of the server and implements the reboot notification service used by rpc.lockd that performs file lock recovery functions in the event the server is rebooted.
rpc.statd, statd:
Is used to manage crash and recovery for locking NFS services.
rpc.yppasswdd, yppasswdd:
Handles the requests that comes from yppasswd to set new correct passwords.
rpc.ypupdated:
Updates information in the Network Information Service (NIS)
rpc.ypupdated:
Updates information in the Network Information Service (NIS).
rpc.ypxfrd:
Transfers NIS maps from the master server to the slave server.
rpcbind:
Creates universal addresses by converting RPC program numbers.
rpcgen:
Creates C code to make an rpc protocol.
rpcinfo:
Creates an RPC call to an RPC server and shows the information on what it finds.
rpl:
Replaces text strings in a file.
rpld:
Provides network booting support for clients running on the x86 (Intel-compatible) platform.
rpm:
Adds and removes software on a system. It's also used to create software packages.
rpm2cpio:
Converts a Red Hat Package (RPM) file to a cpio archive on STDOUT.
rpm2cpio:
Converts a Red Hat Package (RPM) file to a cpio archive on STDOUT.
rrestore:
Copies i-node backup files from a remote system to the local system.
rs:
Converts lines from STDIN to columns on STDOUT.
Rsh:
Invokes the restricted version of Bourne shell.
rsh, remsh:
Is a remote shell which is used to connect to a host and execute one specified command.
rstart:
Executes programs on a remote computer using the Remote Execution Protocol.
rstart:
Is a simple example of the remote start client. This script relies upon rsh.
rstart:
Is a simple example of the remote start client (Remote Execution Protocol).
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rstartd:
Is a script that helps the use of working with a remote shell.
rsync:
Copies files from or to a remote site.
rtl_enable:
Relinks modules so the runtime linker can use them.
rtquery:
Shows information about the routing tables of the daemons routed or gated.
runacct:
Runs daily accounting procedures that are usually started from the cron daemon.
runacct:
Runs daily accounting procedures that are usually started from the cron daemon.
runcat:
Transfers data from the mkcatdefs command to the gencat command.
runlevel:
Shows the previous and current system runlevel.
rup:
Shows the status of machines on the network. Similar to uptime but for remote computers.
ruptime:
Shows the status of machines on the network. Similar to uptime but for remote machines.
rusage:
Shows the resource usage for a command (CPU time, wall clock, System CPU and so on).
ruser:
Manages entries in the remote users database.
rusers:
Lists users logged into the remote server. Similar to who but for remote servers.
rwall:
Broadcasts messages to all users on the network.
rwall:
Send a message to all users on a network.
rwall:
Reads a message from STDIN and sends it as a broadcast message to the users logged on to the specified host server.
rwho:
Shows who is logged in to hosts on the local network.
rwhod, in.rwhod:
Is a system status server for the programs rwho and ruptime.
rx:
Will receive files using XMODEM protocol.
rxtelnet:
Starts a xterm telnet window on a specified host and enables X connections.
rxterm:
Starts an xterm window on a remote system.
rz:
Will receive files using ZMODEM protocol.
s2p:
Converts a sed script to a perl script. The converted script will be shown on STDOUT.
s2p:
Converts a sed script to a perl script. The converted script will be shown on STDOUT.
s2p:
Takes a sed script specified on the command line and produces a comparable perl script on the STDOUT.
sa:
Cleans up and shows information in the /var/adm/pacct file.
sa:
Administers accounting files. Cleans up and shows information in the /var/account/acct file.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/adm/sa/sadd, dd is the current day.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/log/sa/sadd, where dd is the current day.
sa1:
Saves system activity into the binary file /var/adm/sa/saDD, where DD is the current day. Sar often uses this collected information.
sa2:
Is a script that saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/sardd, dd is the current day.
sa2:
Saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/sardd where dd is the current day.
sa2:
Is a script that saves system activity into the file /var/adm/sa/saDD where DD is the current day. This is similar to sar and it uses the same options.
sacadm:
Is the port monitor administration tool. It is used to add/remove, enable/disable, start/stop a port monitor.
sact, sccs-sact:
Informs the user that the s.file is checked out for editing by somebody else.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sadc:
Saves system activity in binary format to a specified file.
sag:
Shows a graph of the system activity data from the binary datafile created by a run of sar.
samba:
Manages samba smbd and nmdb daemons.
sar:
Shows information about system utilization earlier saved in files. The files is in the directory /var/adm/sa/sadd.
sar:
Shows system utilization information earlier saved in files. Please see sadc to set up data collection.
sar:
Shows information about system use for a specified period of time.
sash:
Is a stand-alone shell with many extra built-in commands.
sasldblistusers:
Shows the users in the SASL password database (usually /etc/sasldb).
saslpasswd:
Sets the SASL password for server programs.
savebase:
Saves base customized device settings on the boot device.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savecore:
Saves a crash dump of the operating system kernel (if one is created) after a system crash.
savevg:
Collects and backs up all files that belong to a specific volume group.
sb:
Sends files in batch using YMODEM or ZMODEM protocol.
scan:
Produces a one-line-per-message listing of the specified folder or messages.
scan:
Gives a brief description of messages stored in the specified folder, or default folder if not specified.
scanpci:
Shows information about your PCI bus.
scanpci:
Shows information about the PCI bus.
scan_ffs:
Finds any UFS/FFS partitions on the specified disk.
sccs:
Is a management program for the source code control system (SCCS).
sccs:
Executes subcommands on SCCS history files or directories. SCCS = Source Code Control System.
sccs-help, help:
Shows help on error or warning messages from Source Code Control System (SCCS)
sccsdiff:
Compares two versions of a SCCS file.
sccsdiff, sccs-sscsdiff:
Is used to compare two versions of a SCCS file and show the differences.
sccshelp:
Shows help information about an sccs message or command.
sched:
Is a simple scheduler used to run commands at a later time.
sched:
Schedules commands to be executed at a later time from the shell. Note that it is the shell that runs the commands.
sclient:
Is a Kerberos client. When connected to Kerberos server it returns a Kerberos authentication.
scls:
Creates a list of modules and driver names.
scon:
Configures the pcvt VT220 video driver.
scp:
Copies files in a secure way with all network traffic encrypted by ssh.
scp:
Copies files in a secure way with all network traffic encrypted by SSH.
screen:
Runs many programs on one terminal. Makes programs detached so they can be attached somewhere else.
screendump:
Dumps the contents of the screen to STDOUT.
script:
Records everything that is shown on the screen during a terminal session and saves the information into a file.
scsi:
Administers PCMCIA SCSI adapters.
scsi:
Sends commands to or probes a specified SCSI device.
scsi_info:
Shows information about SCSI-devices, such as addess parameters, device vendor information, etc.
sdiff:
Compares the two files and shows the differences between them, side by side on the screen.
sdtpdasync:
Starts the utility PDASync which is a java based application that synchronize handheld Palm devices with CDE.
sdtrlogin:
Parses a URL string and connect to a computer.
securetcpip:
Enables enhanced TCP/IP security for the network.
sed:
Edits text files using a script of specified edit commands and shows the result.
select:
Shows words as a menu on STDERR and $PS3 as a prompt wait for user input. Repeats until terminated.
send:
Sends the specified message files to their destinations.
send:
Sends the specified letter files to it's destinations, defined in the message.
sendbug:
Is a script that sends a problem report to a specified address.
sendbug:
Is a script that sends problem reports to a central support site, using the vi editor.
sendfiles:
Sends multiple files via a MIME message.
sendmail:
Is a mail router used to deliver mail messages locally or via the internet.
serialver:
Reports the serial version UID for at least one class, output is in an evolving class format.
server_upgrade:
Upgrades various clients (Intel or SPARC based) from the server.
sessreg:
Manages utmp/wtmp entries for xdm sessions.
set:
Sets a shell variable to value. With no argument it shows all variables. In Bourne, Bash, Korn and Z-shell (sh, bash, ksh, zsh) set is used to set shell flags.
setclock:
Sets or shows the time and date for a host on a network.
setclock:
Sets the time for the hardware clock.
setenv:
Sets an environment variable. With no argument it shows all environment variables.
setfacl:
Is used to manage the Access Control List for one or more files.
setfdprm:
Is a utility to set and change parameters on auto-detecting floppy devices.
setgroups:
Resets a group set session.
setleds:
Sets the status flags for the keyboard LED's. Shows current status if no option is specified.
setmaps:
Manages terminal and code set maps.
setmnt:
Allows you to re-create /etc/mnttab file line by line.
setopt:
Sets the shells options. Please see zsh for all options.
setpci:
Is used to query and configure PCI devices. All numbers are entered in hexadecimal values.
setquota:
Sets the specified quota for a user or a group from the command line.
setsenv:
Resets a user's protected environment.
setserial:
Sets or retrieve serial port information.
setsid:
Runs the specified program in a new session.
settc:
Makes the shell believe that the terminal capability has the specified value.
settc:
Makes the shell believe that the terminal capability has the specified value.
setterm:
Sets terminal attributes.
settime:
Alters the file access and modification times. This command is equal to touch -c.
setty:
Sets which tty modes the shell allows to be changed.
setty:
Sets which tty modes the shell allows to change.
setuname:
Manages parameter values for the system and node name.
setup:
Configures the system in interactive mode.
setvar:
Sets variable to value.
setxkbmap:
Sets the keyboard layout by means of the X keyboard extension.
setxkbmap:
Sets the keyboard layout by means of the X keyboard extension.
sfdisk:
Administers partition tables.
sh:
Is the Bourne shell command interpreter.
sh, rsh:
Is the Bourne shell command interpreter and rsh is a restricted version of the Bourne shell.
shar:
Converts binary files to a text friendly archive.
shar:
Creates a shell archive of files
share:
Makes local resources available to remote hosts.
shareall:
Shares the resources in a file; for example, /etc/dfs/dfstab.
shell:
Starts a shell with the user's default settings.
shift:
Shifts the command line argument one (or number) step to the left.
shopt:
Alters optional shell variables controlling the behavior of the shell.
shopt:
Changes optional shell variables controlling the behavior of the shell.
show:
Shows specified messages or folders. This is part of the NMH package.
show:
Shows specified messages or folders. This is part of the NMH package.
showaudio:
Plays an audio email message on your workstation.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server about a specified font.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server abut a specified font.
showfont:
Shows information from the X font server about a specific font.
showmount:
Shows all clients that have remote mounts from a server.
showrev:
Shows revision information for the hardware and software.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled RGB color name database back to the original form.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled RGB color name database back to the original form.
showrgb:
Converts a compiled rgb color name database back to the original form.
showsnf:
Shows the content of font files in the SNF format or convert glyphs into arrays of characters.
shred:
Erases files by overwriting them repeatedly. Which makes it very hard to restore the information.
shutacct:
Disables process accounting on shutdown and adds a reason record to /var/adm/wtmp.
shutacct:
Disables process accounting on shutdown and adds a reason record to /var/adm/wtmp.
shutdown:
Changes the current run level. Most often to shut the system down.
size:
Shows segment or section size information for each loaded section in object files.
skey:
Generates an encrypted string by getting a password key and sequence number.
skeyaudit:
Notifies users that have a low number of one-time passwords.
skeyinfo:
Shows the specified user's next S/key challenge. Current user will be used if no user is specified.
skeyinit:
Administers the user's S/Key authentications.
skeyprune:
Erases old and zeroed entries in the /etc/skeykeys file.
skill:
Kills processes. Combines features from kill and killall.
skulker:
Removes unwanted files like: core files, a.out files, hup files, files in /tmp, etc.
slattach:
Attaches a network interface to a serial line.
slattach:
Transfers a serial line connection to a network interface.
slattach:
Assigns tty lines to a network interface.
sleep:
Puts the system to sleep for a period of time.
slibclean:
Removes unused modules from the kernel and library memory.
sliplogin:
Turns the terminal line on STDIN into a Serial Line IP (SLIP) link to a remote host.
sliplogin:
Turns the terminal line on STDIN into a serial line IP (SLIP) link to a remote host.
slist:
Shows all NetWare servers present on the network.
slocal:
Manages incomming messages according to actions specified in the .maildelivery file: started by sendmail.
slocal:
Processes inbound messages according to a selection criterion.
slocate, locate:
Looks quickly in a database in order to find files.
slstats:
Shows statistic information for a slip interface.
smartcard:
Configures and administers a smart card.
smbadduser:
Adds users to SMB?s password file.
smbclient:
Connects to a remote service using SMB.
smbd:
Starts the Samba daemon that handles SMB/CIFF requests.
smbmnt:
Mounts SMB file system shares. Checks if a user has write permissions on the mount point before mounting.
smbmount:
Mounts an SMB file system.
smbpasswd:
Changes the user's SMB password.
smbspool:
Sends a print file to an SMB printer.
smbstatus:
Shows the current Samba connections.
smbtar:
This command script is a utility that dumps SMB shares into a tape device.
smbumount:
Lets users unmount their SMB mounted directories. The directory must have the SUID set to root.
smdemon.cleanu:
Cleans up sendmail queues.
smit, smitty:
Starts the System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) to perform system management.
smproxy:
Works as an X application proxy and allows the application to use an X11R6 session.
smproxy:
Works as a proxy for an X application that doesn't support X11R6 management.
smrsh:
Restricts users to only be able to run certain sendmail commands in a shell.
smrsh:
Restricts a shell for users to only be able to run certain commands.
smrsh:
Is a restricted shell used together with sendmail. It only allow certain commands to be run.
smtpd:
Is used to receive mails from other SMTP servers, will put messages in the spool directory.
smtpfwdd:
Forwards SMTPFWDD emails from a spool directory to their destinations.
snap:
Collects system configuration information, called a snapshot.
snapshot:
Takes a snapshot of the screen, or a part of the screen, and saves it to a raster file.
sndAppleSingle:
Allows the user to send Macintosh files stored inside a UNIX file system with the CAP AUFS program.
sndconfig:
Is a graphic interface program that configures sound cards to work with a Linux kernel module.
snice:
Shows process status and sets new priorities for processes.
snmpbulkget:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP BULK requests.
snmpbulkwalk:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP BULK requests.
snmpd:
Starts the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) daemon.
snmpd:
Is an agent that responds to SNMP request packets. Monitors networks.
snmpdelta:
Monitors deltas of integer-valued SNMP variables.
snmpget:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET requests.
snmpgetnext:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET NEXT requests.
snmpinfo:
Manages SNMP settings for an SNMP agent.
snmpnetstat:
Shows network status using SNMP.
snmpset:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP SET requests.
snmpstatus:
Retrieves important information from a network host.
snmptable:
Shows SNMP tables after retrieving them.
snmptest:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP requests.
snmptranslate:
Translates SNMP objects into more useful information.
snmptrap:
Sends an SNMP TRAP to a manager.
snmptrapd:
Receives and logs SNMP trap messages.
snmpusm:
Administers SNMPv3 users on a remote entity.
snmpwalk:
Communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET next requests.
sno:
Is a SNOBOL compiler.
snoop:
Grabs packets from the network and shows information about the content.
soconfig:
Alters the transport provider driver used with sockets.
soelim:
Determines and excludes the .so requests from either troff or nroff input.
solregis:
Starts the Solaris user registration procedure.
sort:
Sorts and merges lines from the specified files or from STDIN, and prints them to STDOUT.
sortbib:
Sorts the specified bibliographic database, based on the sorting keys.
sotruss:
Traces dynamic library calls made by the command specified and shows it on STDOUT.
source:
Reads commands form a file and runs them in the current shell.
speckeysd:
Is a CDE/OpenWindows daemon that detects special keys on Type 5/Compact 1 keyboards.
spell:
Is used to search for English language spelling errors.
spell:
Is a capability script for the aspell spell checker.
spell:
Collects words from specified file or files and look them up in a spelling list. If the word doesn't exist, it will report it. It uses deroff to follow chains of included files.
spellin:
Combines words from STDIN and the already existing spelling list and places a new spelling list on STDOUT.
spellin:
Reads a specified amount of hash codes from STDIN and shows a compressed spelling list.
spellout:
Checks that a specific word is not in the spelling list.
split:
Splits a file into a set of smaller files. The output files will get a double letter extension (.aa, .ab, .ac ... ).
splitlvcopy:
Splits a logical volume copy to create a new logical volume.
splitmail:
Splits an e-mail into smaller pieces according to proposed Internet standard for multimedia mail formats.
splp:
Manages printer driver settings.
spost:
Delivers a message. This is only started by other programs.
spost:
Delivers a message.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many packets were received, and the transfer rate.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many were received and the transfer rate.
spray:
Sends a stream of packets to a host. Reports how many were received and the transfer rate.
srchtxt:
Shows the content of a message database or searches for a match to the text string specified.
srcmstr:
Starts the system resource controller.
ssaadm:
Administers SPARC storage Arrays and SPARC storage RSM disk systems.
sserver:
Is a Kerberos server application. When there is a connection it, returns a Kerberos principal.
ssh, slogin:
Logins secure to a remote computer. It's intended to replace rlogin.
ssh, slogin:
Logins secure to a remote computer. It's is intended to replace rlogin.
ssh-add:
Administrates RSA identities for the SSH authentication agent.
ssh-add:
Administrates RSA identities for the SSH authentication agent.
ssh-agent:
Holds private keys for RSA authentication.
ssh-agent:
Holds private keys for RSA authentication.
ssh-keygen:
Is used it create public and private SSH keys.
ssh-keygen:
Creates public and private SSH keys.
sshd:
Is the secure shell deamon that allows ssh clients access the computer.
sshd:
Listens for secure connections from ssh clients.
startkey:
Is used to initialize a key exchange with the photurisd daemon.
startsrc:
Starts a subsystem or subserver, also called a daemon.
startup:
Turns on process accounting when the system is brought to a multi-user state.
startup:
Turns the process accounting on when the system is brought to a multi-user state.
startx:
Starts a single session of the X window system.
startx:
Starts a single session of the X-window system. Is a front end to xinit.
startx:
Starts a session of the X-window system. Is a front end to xinit. Usually run without arguments.
stat:
Shows information on the specified files of file systems.
statserial:
Shows information about the specified serial port. Useful to debug modems and ports.
stdethers:
Filters out non-YP information from a file.
stdethers:
Deletes unwanted information in a file.
stdethers:
Is used to erase NIS information from the specified file or STDIN.
stdhosts:
Filters out non-YP information.
stdhosts:
Is used to get rid of unwanted information.
stdhosts:
Is used to erase NIS information from the specified file or STDIN.
stem:
Is a tool that lets the user insert instrumentation code into subroutines.
stinit:
Initializes SCSI magnetic tape drives.
stop:
Stops a process.
stopsrc:
Stops a subsystem or subserver.
strace:
Shows streams trace messages on STDOUT. Operands can be specified multiple times, but only in triplets.
strace:
Records all system calls sent and received by the processes within the specified command.
strace:
Shows STREAMS trace messages on STDOUT. Operands can be specified multiple times, but only in triplets.
strchg:
Alters the configurations of streams associated with the user's STDIN.
strchg:
Adds or removes topmost modules of the stream associated with the user's STDIN.
strclean:
Removes streams error logger files older than three days.
strclean:
Removes STREAMS error logger files older than 3 days.
strconf:
Queries the configuration of a stream.
strconf:
Manages the configuration of a stream.
strfile:
Creates a random access file for saving strings. Lines are separated by the delimiting character.
strinfo:
Shows information about streams activity.
strings:
Searches for printable strings in object or binary files.
strip:
Strips the symbol table and the information about debugging and line numbers from an object file.
stripnm:
Shows symbol information for a specific object file.
strload:
Manages the portable streams environment (PSE).
strreset:
Resets a stream.
struct:
Converts FORTRAN programs into RATFOR programs.
stty:
Alters the options for a terminal.
sttydefs:
Maintains the /etc/ttydefs file, which is used for controlling the tty port hunt sequences and for line settings.
stunnel:
Makes it possible to use SSL-enabled connections between two computers, using non-SSL-enabled daemons.
style:
Analyzes the style of an English-language document.
su:
Switches to another user in the current session.
subj:
Creates a list of subjects from a document.
sudo:
Allows a permitted user to execute a command as the super user.
suexec:
Switches the user when executing an external application through programs that are used internally by Apache.
suexec:
Switches user when executing a external application through programs that is used internally by Apache.
suidperl:
Executes a perl script in suID mode.
sulogin:
Prompts for the root password to enter single-user mode, or to press Ctrl-D to proceed with normal startup.
sulogin:
Asks the user to type in root password and go to single-user mode, or to press Ctrl+D to proceed a normal startup.
sum:
Shows a 16-bit checksum and a 512 byte block count for a file.
sup:
Upgrades files or programs by acting like a client and then talks to a file server process.
SuperProbe:
Finds installed video hardware, used by some X11 configuration software to determine configurations.
SuperProbe:
Finds installed video hardware, used by some X11 configuration software to determine configurations.
supfilesrv:
Is the software upgrade protocol server to serve client upgrades.
supscan:
Creates a list of the files on the sup server. This speeds up the service if there is a large number of files.
survd:
Manages the surveillance daemon.
suspend:
Stops the current shell as if Ctrl-Z has been pressed. Login shell can't be stopped.
svmon:
Is used to take snapshots and create reports of the virtual memory.
swap:
Manages the systems swap areas that are used by the memory manager.
swapctl:
Controls the swap devices and files. Will add, remove, or prioritize the swap.
swapdev:
Sets the kernel's swap device. Shows usage information if run without parameters. Is the equivalent of rdev -s.
swapoff:
Disables swapping on the specified devices.
swapon:
Specifies a device to start swapping or paging on.
swapon:
Specifies a device to start swap or page on.
swapon:
Manages swap devices and files for the system.
swat:
Configures Samba over the web. Short for Samba Web Administration Tool. Is run from xinetd.
swcons:
Redirects console output to another device temporarily.
switch, breaksw:
Matches each pattern successively against the word and runs the commands when the first match is found.
switchdesk:
Is used to switch between various desktop environments like GNOME, KDE and AnotherLevel.
switchdesk-helper:
Specifies what window manager to run when starting X.
swmtool:
Is a tool for installing, upgrading and removing software packages.
sx:
Sends files using XMODEM protocol
sync:
Flushs all unwritten file system buffers to disk.
syncinit:
Sets interface operating parameters for a serial line.
syncloop:
Is a program for testing synchronous serial loopback.
synclvodm:
Synchronizes or rebuilds control blocks, ODM settings, or volume descriptor areas on a physical volume.
syncstat:
Shows driver statistics from a synchronous serial link.
syncvg:
Synchronizes logical volume copies that are inconsistent.
sys-suspend:
Suspends, shutdowns or powers off the computer.
sys-unconfig:
Resets the system configuration. The file /.unconfigured tells the system to run the programs to configure system.
sys-unconfig:
Resets the system configuration to the standard state.
syscall:
Runs a specific subroutine call.
syscalls:
Traces system calls.
sysck:
Checks inventory information during installation or update, and updates the SoftWare Vital Product Data database.
sysctl:
Configures kernel parameters at runtime - the parameters is listed in /proc/sys/.
sysctl:
Retrieves and allows the configuring of kernel states.
sysdef:
Shows definition on all devices, modules, etc on the computer.
sysdumpdev:
Manages primary and secondary dump devices in the system.
sysdumpstart:
Starts a kernel dump to a dump device.
sysidconfig:
Is used to manage definition and execution of system configuration applications.
sysidtool:
Is a bundle of five programs that manages configuration and reconfiguration of a system.
sysklogd:
Is a system logging utility.
sysline:
Shows system status on the terminal.
syslogd:
Logs system messages and saves it into a file.
systat:
Is a statistics showing program, showing the current load and the programs consuming much CPU.
sz:
Sends files using ZMODEM protocol.
tab:
Converts spaces into tabs.
tabs:
Clears old settings and set new Tabs and margins on remote terminals.
tabs:
Clears old settings and sets new Tabs and margins on remote terminals.
tac:
Shows files in reverse order. The opposite of cat.
tail:
Shows the tail end of the file specified to STDOUT. Shows the last 10 entries by default.
tailf:
Shows the growth of a file.
talk:
Is used to talk to another user, using the terminal.
talkd, in.talkd, in.ntalkd, ntalkd:
Provides the server function for the talk command. Usually started by the Internet Server.
tangle:
Converts a WEB file to Pascal.
tapechk:
Runs a consistency check on a tape device.
tapes:
Shows any available tape devices installed in the computer.
tapes:
Creates /dev/rmt entries for tape drives connected to the system.
tar:
Extracts or creates files from or to a tar file, tape by default but can be any media or file.
tbl:
Formats tables before to use them in nroff or troff. For BSD and Linux it is only used for troff.
tc:
Interprets input as output from the troff command and the STDOUT. This command is intended for the Tektronix 4015 system.
tc:
Creates and associate queues with output devices.
tcbck:
Manages the security state of the system.
tclsh:
Is the Tool command language (Tcl) shell.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcopy:
Copies or scans a magnetic tape.
tcpd:
Controls and logs incoming requests for Internet services. Used from inetd.
tcpd:
Controls and logs incoming requests for Internet services. Use from inetd-like programs.
tcpdchk:
Checks your TCP wrapper configuration and reports all potential problems it can find.
tcpdchk:
Checks your TCP wrapper configuration and reports all potential problems it can find.
tcpdmatch:
Predicts how the TCP wrapper would handle a specific request for service.
tcpdmatch:
Predicts how the tcpwrapper would handle a specific request for service.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets on a network interface.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets on a network interface.
tcpdump:
Shows the headers of packets matching the specified expression, on a network interface.
tcsh:
Is a enchanced version of the C-shell that is completely compatible.
tcsh:
Is the enhanced version of the UNIX C shell csh. Primarily a command language interpreter that can be used as a login shell and a shell script command processor.
tctl:
Controls commands to a streaming tape device.
tdigest:
Converts term files.
tee:
Copies STDIN to STDOUT as well as to files.
telesctrl:
Configures the log level of the HiSax-ISDN device driver. Log information is stored in /dev/isdnctrl.
telltc:
Shows the current values of all terminal capabilities.
telltc:
Shows the current values of all terminal capabilities.
telnet, tn:
Uses the telnet protocol to communicate with other hosts.
tenletxr:
Forwards X connections from your host to the specified host.
termdef:
Queries and shows current terminal settings.
test:
Evaluates conditions. In if structures conditions are often used inside brackets ( [ ] ).
testparm:
Reads a Samba configuration file to check whether it is correct.
testprns:
Checks whether a given printer name is valid to use with smbd.
tex, initex, virtex:
Formats text and typesetting.
texindex:
Creates an index for a TeX output file.
texindex:
Creates an index for a TeX output file.
tfmtodit:
Creates groff font files to use with groff -Tdvi.
tfmtodit:
Is used to create groff font files to be used with groff -Tdvi.
tftp:
Sends files to and from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
tftp:
Sends files to and from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
tftp, utftp:
Sends files to and receives files from a remote host using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
thumbnail:
Creates a TIFF image file with thumbnail images.
tic:
Compiles a terminfo file. The data is saved in the directory /usr/share/lib/terminfo for AIX and Solaris and in the directory /usr/share/terminfo for BSD and Linux.
tie:
Merges or applies WEB system change files.
tiff2bw:
Converts a color TIFF image to grayscale.
tiff2ps:
Converts TIFF images to PostScript format.
tiffcmp:
Compares two TIFF files.
tiffcp:
Merges TIFF images together into a single multi-image file.
tiffdither:
Converts an 8-bit grayscale TIFF image to a bilevel TIFF image.
tiffinfo:
Shows information about TIFF files.
tiffsplit:
Creates single-image files from a multi-image TIFF file.
time:
Starts a program and shows statistics on STDERR about how long it took to run.
timeconfig:
Configures the computer time in a ncurses-based environment.
timed:
Synchronizes local time with other hosts.
timed:
Is used to synchronize local time with other hosts.
timedc:
Administers the function of the timed program.
timedc:
Administers the function of the timed program.
times:
Shows accumulated system and user times for processes run from the shell..
timex:
Measures how long it takes to run a command. Shows time elapsed, user time, and system time in seconds.
timex:
Measures how much time it takes to run a command. It shows elapsed, user, and system time in seconds.
tin:
Is a Usenet news reader, which can read locally or remotely via an NNTP server.
tip:
Connects to a remote host with full duplex terminal connection behaving like a interactive session on a local terminal.
tip:
Connects to a remote hosts.
tip:
Connects to a remote host with full-duplex terminal connection creating an interactive session on a local terminal.
tload:
Shows system load as a graph.
tmpwatch:
Erases files that haven't been accessed for a specified number of hours.
tn3270:
"Connects a local host with a remote host
tn3270:
Is used to remotely log in to IBM computers with full screen and full duplex. Emulates the IBM 3270 terminal.
tnfdump:
Converts TNF files to ASCII to make it suitable for analyze.
tnfxtract:
Collects and extracts kernel trace information into a trace file.
toe:
Shows a list of all available terminal types by primary name with their descriptions.
tokstat:
Shows token-ring device statistics.
top:
Shows a list of the most active CPU processes.
top:
Shows and updates information about the top CPU processes.
topas:
Shows specified local system statistics.
touch:
Gives the file specified a new time and date stamp. If the file does not exist it will be created.
tprof:
Shows CPU usage statistics.
tput:
This utility is used to initialize a terminal or query a terminfo database.
tr:
Replaces or deletes characters while copying from STDIN to STDOUT.
trace:
Traces specific system events.
tracepath:
Shows the path, and the MTU that is found on the way, to the specified destination.
traceroute:
Shows you a list of the route a packets takes to reach a network host.
tracesoff:
Disables tracing on a subsystem or a subserver.
traceson:
Enables tracing of a subsystem or a subserver.
trap:
Runs the command when the shell receive signal. If command is a null string ("") it will reset the signals to there original behavior. Used alone it shows all traps.
trbsd:
Translates characters. This is the BSD version of the command tr.
trcdead:
Extracts tracing information from a system dump image.
trcnm:
Creates a kernel name list.
trcrpt:
Creates a trace report from the trace logfile.
trcstop:
Turns off the trace function.
trcupdate:
Manages trace report format templates.
troff, gtroff:
Formats the text in the specified file for printing or typesetting.
trpt:
Shows information about TCP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
trpt:
Shows information about TCP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
trsp:
Shows information about SPP trace records on a socket marked for debugging.
true:
Provides a true value in scripts, does nothing but always exits with a value of 0.
truss:
Is used to manage tracing of specific system calls and signals.
tset:
Determines and configures your terminal.
tsh:
Is a more secure command interpreter than the Korn shell. Start the shell, the user must press Ctrl-X and Ctrl-R.
tsm:
Will provide terminal state management to control the ports used in the trusted path.
tsort:
Sorts items from a text file or STDIN and show on STDOUT an ordered listing of the items.
tty:
Shows the terminal that is used as STDIN.
ttyadm:
Manages port monitor specific data.
ttyctl:
Freezes and unfreezes the tty. With no option, it shows the current status.
ttyflags:
Is used to set device-specific flags for terminals.
ttymon:
Is used to manage port settings for terminal ports.
tune2fs:
Alters tunable file system parameters on second extended file systems.
tunefs:
Changes the dynamic parameters of an unmounted file system that exists in /etc/vfstab.
tunefs:
Changes the dynamic parameters of an unmounted file system that exists in /etc/vfstab.
tunelp:
Configures various parameters for the lp device.
turnacct:
Manages process accounting.
turnacct:
Manages process accounting.
tvi:
Is a trusted version of the text editor vi.
twm:
Is a X-window manager that provides icon management, macros, key bindings, title bars and shaped windows.
type:
Shows a description of a commands type.
typeset, declare:
Sets values and attributes for variables. A new variable instance is created when used inside functions.
tzselect:
Configures the time zone in an interactive mode.
ucblinks:
Is used to add compatibility for SunOS 4.x devices to a SunOS5.x system. Adds /dev entries.
ufsdump:
Creates a backup of all specified files or file systems to a hard drive, floppy disk or tape.
ufsrestore:
Restores backup files created with ufsdump from backup media. Restore is placed in current directory.
uil:
Starts the UIL compiler, a language to describe the initial state of a users interface for a AIXwindows application.
uil:
Starts the UIL compiler. A language to describe the initial state of a user interface for a Motif application.
ul:
Reads STDIN or specified files and alter the underscore characters to fit your terminal.
ulimit:
Sets and shows the size limits used by the shell and its child processes. Shows the current limit if not given.
umask:
Alters the file mode creation mask of the current shell execution environment.
umount, unmount:
Unmounts local or remote file systems. AIX also have a unmount command with the same syntax.
umountall:
Unmounts all mounted filesystems except root, /proc, /var, and /usr.
unalias:
Erases the definitions of all aliases specified on the command line from the current shell execution environment.
uname:
Shows information about the current system.
unbuffer:
Disables the output buffering when the specified program is redirected.
uncomplete:
Removes any pattern specified with complete.
uncomplete:
Removes any patterns specified with the command complete.
uncompress:
Uncompresses .Z files. Removes the .Z suffix when it is done.
unexpand:
Replaces the spaces in text files created with expand back to Tab characters.
unfunction:
Removes functions.
unget:
Reverses all changes in a SCCS history file made by the command get -e.
unget, sccs-unget:
Undoes all changes in a SCCS history file that was made by the command get -e.
unhash:
Disables the internal hash table. In zsh it will remove names from the internal hash table.
unicode_start:
Sets Unicode mode to the screen and keyboard.
unicode_stop:
Takes screen and keyboard out of Unicode mode and into 8-bit mode.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source, leaving the rest of the file untouched.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source.
unifdef:
Identifies and removes lines containing an ifdef mark from a C program source, leaving the rest of the file untouched.
uniq:
Filters out adjacent lines that are alike and shows the output on STDOUT or save it to a file.
units:
Tells you interactively how to convert a unit quantity to another type, for example, from inches to centimeters.
units:
Converts a unit quantity to another type - for example, from inch to centimeter.
units:
Tells you interactively how to convert a unit quantity to another type, for example, from inches to centimeters.
unix2dos:
Converts the ISO standard characters in a file to match with the DOS format.
unlimit:
Removes resource limits. If no options is specified all limits will be erased.
unlink:
"Unlinks files and directories
unlink:
Unlinks files and directories. Does not use any error checking.
unloadipsec:
Unloads a crypto module from the IP security system.
unmirrorvg:
Breaks a mirror on a volume group.
unpack:
Decompresses files created by pack. Removes the .z suffix when done.
unpack:
Decompresses files created by pack. Removes the .z suffix when done.
unset:
Removes variable or function from the shell.
unsetenv:
Removes environment variables.
unsetopt:
Unsets any of the shell variables. Please see zsh for all options.
unshar:
Searches mail messages for shell archives, unpacks them, and saves them in a single file.
unshare:
Makes the shared local resource unavailable for mounting from remote systems.
unshareall:
Unassigns the shared resources on the specified File System Types.
unstr:
Shows the strings from a file created by the strfile command.
untab:
Converts tabs into spaces.
until:
Repeats the commands until expression is true.
unvis:
Alters the result of the command vis on a file back to nonvisible characters.
unzip:
Uncompress, list, test, or show the compressed files from a zip archive.
unzip:
Is used to uncompress and show the compressed files from a zip archive. It also shows or tests compressed files.
unzipsfx:
Creates self-extracting zip archives. Is a binary stub to be added to existing zip archives.
up2date:
Updates packets installed on your computer.
update:
Starts to update the file system every 30 seconds.
update:
Tells the kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk (also known as bdflush).
updatedb:
Is a utility to update the slocate database.
uprintfd:
Is the daemon that constructs and writes kernel messages.
uptime:
Shows how long the system has been up, number of users and the load average for the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes.
urlview:
Reads all URLs it can find in a file and shows them in an interactive menu.
useradd:
Creates an account for a new user with permissions and memberships set.
useradd, adduser:
Creates a new user or updates default new user information.
userconf:
Configures system accounts and groups interactively or on the command line.
userdel:
Erases a user's account from the system.
userdel:
Erases a user's account from the system.
userhelper:
Is a interface to pam that is used to alter the user's shell, password, and GECOS information.
userinfo:
Alters the user's finger information just like the command chfn, but does so interactively.
usermod:
Alters a specified user's login account permissions and memberships on the system.
usermod:
Alters a specified user's login account permissions and memberships on the system.
usermount:
Starts a graphical tool to mount, unmount, and format file systems.
usernetctl:
Changes the status of the specified network interface.
userpasswd:
Is a graphical tool that lets users change their passwords.
users:
Shows a one-line list of the users who are logged in on the system.
usleep:
Sleeps for some number of microseconds.
usrck:
Checks that a user name is correct.
utmp2wtmp:
Is used by runacct to create an entry in the file /var/adm/wtmp for every user logged on to the system.
utmpd:
Monitors /var/adm/utmp and /var/adm/utmpx files and fixes them if they are not correct.
uucheck:
Looks for the presence of the required uucp files and directories.
uucheck:
Is used to monitor uucp directories and permissions files.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uucico:
Transfers files used by the uucp command to a specific location.
uuclean:
Removes files from the Basic Networking Utilities spooling directory.
uucleanup:
Searches the spool directories and cleans them up.
uucleanup:
Searches the spool directories and cleans them up.
uuconv:
Is used to convert UUCP configuration files from one type to another.
uucp:
Copies files from one place to a another inside UNIX (uucp stands for UNIX to UNIX copy).
uucp:
Copies files from one place to a another inside UNIX (UNIX-to-UNIX copy).
uucp:
Copies files from one place to another inside UNIX (UNIX to UNIX copy).
uucpadm:
Is a interactive program used to manage Basic Networking Utility information.
uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Started by inetd at request.
uucpd:
Is the server daemon for UUCP connections. Invoked by inetd at request.
uudecode:
Decodes an encoded file created by uuencode. The decoded file name is set by uuencode.
uudemon.admin:
Sends uucp status information to an administrator. It also executes the uustat -p and -q commands.
uudemon.admin:
Sends uucp status information to an administrator.
uudemon.cleanu:
Cleans up Basic Networking Utilities log files and spooling directories.
uudemon.hour:
Starts up the commands uusched and uuxqt in the background.
uudemon.hour:
Starts the commands uusched and uuxqt in the background.
uudemon.poll:
Polls remote systems by a schedule specified in /etc/uucp/Poll
uudemon.poll:
Polls remote systems by a schedule specified in /etc/uucp/Poll
uuencode:
Creates an encoded file to use when you send mail.
uuglist:
Shows you a list of available service grades on the system.
uuidgen:
Creates a new UUID value.
uuid_gen:
Creates universal UUID's for objects, interfaces, and types.
uukick:
Contacts a remote host using debug mode, and shows the information on the local system.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uulog:
Shows information from the transaction logs of uucp or uuxqt.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that are known to the uucp command.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that are known to the uucp command.
uuname:
Shows a list of all the systems that is known to the uucp command.
uupick:
Searches for files sent from other systems, and prompts interactively for actions.
uupick:
Searches for files sent from other systems and prompts interactively for action.
uupick:
Searches for files sent to you from other systems and prompts you for action.
uupoll:
Forces a poll of a remote Basic Networking Utilities system.
uuq:
Shows or removes jobs from the Basic Networking Utilities queue.
uusched:
"Is a scheduler for file transport
uusched:
Is a scheduler for file transport and is normally started by cron.
uusend:
Sends a file to one or more remote systems.
uusnap:
Shows the status of the Basic Networking Utilities.
uustat:
Shows information about the uucp jobs on a local or remote system.
uustat:
Shows information about the UUCP jobs on a local or remote system.
uustat:
Shows information about the uucp jobs on a local or remote system.
uuto:
Uses uucp to send files to remote systems. Keeps access control, notifies the receiver on completion.
uuto:
Uses uucp to send files to remote systems. Keeps access control, notifies the receiver on completion.
uutry:
Contacts remote systems using uucico and stores debugging information in the file /tmp/systemname.
Uutry:
Contacts remote systems using uucico and stores debugging information in /tmp/systemname.
uux:
Collects files from several systems, executes a command on the system specified, and sends the result to a file on the system you specify.
uux:
Executes a command on a remote UNIX based system and still enable the user to work locally.
uux:
Is used to execute a command on a remote UNIX based system and still enable the user to work locally.
uuxqt:
Executes remote requested jobs created with the uux command.
uuxqt:
Is used to execute remote requested jobs created with the uux command.
uuxqt:
Executes remote requested jobs created by using the uux command.
vacation:
"Replies to mail automatically
vacation:
Replies to mail automatically. Useful when you are out of the office.
vacation:
Replies to mail automatically. Useful when you are out of the office.
vacuumdb:
Cleans your Postgres database. The Postgres query optimizer uses it to generate internal statistics.
val:
Verifies an SCCS file.
val, sccs-val:
Verifies an SCCS file.
valyorn:
Validates a response; used with ckyorn.
varyoffvg:
Deactivates a volume group.
varyonvg:
Activates a volume group.
vc:
"Copies lines from STDIN to STDOUT with arguments and control statements
vc:
Copies lines from STDIN to STDOUT with arguments and control statements. Used for version control.
vdir:
Shows information about the current or the specified directory.
vedit:
Is the vi editor for beginners, it sets the report flags to 1 and turns showmode and novice flags on.
versions:
Shows the modification time of an INed structured file.
vgrind:
Formats program source using troff.
vgrind:
Formats the program source using troff.
vgrind:
Formats program source using troff to make it more easy to read.
vi, view:
Edits or views text files.
vidmode:
Sets video mode for a kernel image. Is equivalent to rdev -v.
viewres:
Shows a tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
viewres:
Shows a tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
viewres:
Shows the tree structure of the widget class hierarchy of the Athena Widget Set.
vigr:
Is used to edit the /etc/group file.
vimtutor:
Shows a help page on how to start using the very powerful editor vim in Linux.
vipw:
Edits the /etc/passwd file.
vipw:
Is used to edit the password file, /etc/passwd.
vipw:
Edits the password file /etc/passwd.
vis:
Converts and shows nonprintable characters in visible format.
visudo:
Checks and edits the /etc/sudoers file and makes sure that it is correct, without any errors.
vmh:
Is a visual interface to the MH command.
vmstat:
Shows various statistics for the system. For example memory and io usages.
vnconfig:
Allows a regular file to be used as if it is a disk. Use it as a swap file or mount it with a filesystem.
volcheck:
Checks whetherf any new media has been inserted into any removable media device.
volcopy:
Makes an image copy of the file system.
vold:
Is the volume management daemon that manages CD-ROM and floppy devices.
volrmmount:
Used to mount or unmount media. To do this, it uses rmmount.
vos:
Administers AFS volumes in interactive mode.
vsig:
Synchronizes a co-process with its controlling FMLI application. To synchronize, it signals to the FMLI process.
vt-is-UTF8:
Checks whether current VT is in UTF8- or byte mode.
vt220keys:
Defines SHIFTED function keys on VT220 terminals.
vttest:
Is used to test the functionality of a VT100 -type terminals, and is menu driven.
w:
Shows information about logged in users.
wait:
Waits for a background process to complete. C and TC-Shell will wait for all background processes.
wall:
Shows a message to all currently logged in users.
watch:
Is used to monitor a program that may be unstable.
watch:
Runs a specified command several times to show the change of the output
wc:
Counts characters, words, and lines in files.
weave:
Translates a file from .web style to a TeX style file.
what:
Gets SCCS version information from a file.
what:
Shows version information of object modules.
what:
Gets SCCS version information from a file.
whatis:
Shows the header line from the manual page for a command.
whatnow:
Is a front end for the nmh commands to prompt the user for what to do.
whatnow:
Is used as a front end for the nmh commands to prompt the user of what to do.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
whence:
Shows how a command will be interpreted.
where:
Shows where a command is located, including alias, Internal, and in the path.
where:
Shows where a command is located, including alias, internal, and in the path.
whereis:
Searches binary, source and manual page files for the specified command.
which:
Shows the path to a command.
which_fileset:
Searches through the AIX_file_list for a specific file.
while:
Repeats the commands while the expression is true.
who:
Shows who is on the system.
who am i:
Is actually the who command but only shows the current user. It takes two arguments that can be anything.
whoami:
Shows the login name of the current effective user.
whocalls:
Tracks procedure calls.
whodo:
Shows who is doing what on the system.
whois:
Finds names or handles for an internet domain name.
wicontrol:
Configures and controls WaveLAN/IEEE wireless network devices using the wi driver.
window:
Creates and starts windows on ASCII terminals.
winsysck:
Checks which window system protocols are available.
wish:
Specifies the Tool command language with a graphic tool kit (Tcl/Tk) used to run Tcl/Tk scripts in graphic mode.
wlmcntrl:
Manages workload management.
wlmstat:
Shows the status of a workload management class.
wm2:
Is a nonconfigurable window manager for X.
wnewmail:
Alerts you when a new mail arrives.
word-list-compress:
Compresses or decompresses word list files read from STDIN and output on STDOUT.
write:
Writes to another user's screen. The messages is read from the console. Can be used to reply in AIX.
writesrv:
Is a daemon that lets the user send or receive messages from a remote system.
writevt:
Inserts a text string in a terminal's input buffer.
wrjpgcom:
Inserts text information into a JPEG picture.
wsinfo:
Is a GUI that shows name, type, host ID, IP address, domain, memory, OS version, and more about the system.
wtmpfix:
Inspects specified wtmpdatabase files, corrects time, and date stamps to make the entries consistent.
wtmpfix:
Inspects specified wtmpdatabase files, correct the time and date stamps to make the entries consistent.
wvdial:
Dials a modem and initiates PPP. Configured from command line or from the file /etc/wvdial.conf.
wvdialconf:
Detects your modem and its attributes, then updates the /etc/wvdial.conf file.
X:
Is the X-window system which is a network-transparent GUI system developed by X Consortium, Inc. This is used with bitmap display systems and manages user input to and from various
x11perf:
Is used to measure the performance of an X server.
x11perfcomp:
Compares and shows the difference between x11servers
x11perfcomp:
Compares and shows the difference between x11servers.
xargs:
Creates a list of arguments, start a program and run the arguments.
xauth:
Manages the authorization rules used when connecting to a X-server.
xautolock:
Is used to either lock the X Window or start a program when a specified amount of time has expired.
Xconfigurator:
Configures the XFree86 server.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xconsole:
Shows console messages with X.
xdat:
Manages date and time settings, and also schedules removes or view jobs.
xf86config:
Is a console-based application to configure the XF86Config file.
xf86config:
Is a console-based application to configure the XF86Config file.
XF86Setup:
Configures the XFree86 server in GUI mode.
xfindproxy:
Finds proxy services to be used with a proxy manager.
XFree86:
Is a free X server that is delivered with several Linux distributions.
xfs:
Supplies fonts to X-Window servers.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides an application layer firewall for X traffic.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides a application layer firewall for X traffic.
xfwp:
Is an X firewall proxy. Provides an application layer firewall for X traffic. Makes it possible to hide destination X-server addresses and secure incoming X-connections.
xget:
Receives secret mails that have been sent with the command xsend.
xgetfile:
Is a file manager based on X-window.
xgettext:
Creates portable message files that contains copies of C strings that are found in ANSI C source code.
xgettext:
Creates portable message files, that contains copies of C string that are found in ANSI C source code.
xhost:
Controls access to the X server by keeping a list of allowed hosts and users.
xinetd:
Monitors service ports and starts the required services when the requests comes.
xinit:
Starts the the X-Window server specified.
xisdnload:
Shows periodically updated information about the ISDN load average.
xkbevd:
Monitors for XKB events and runs the requested commands when they occur.
xkbevd:
Monitors for XKB events and runs the requested commands when they occur.
xkibitz:
Allows many people to interact with each others' programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xkill:
Kills an X client. Useful for removing problematic programs.
xlf, xlf_r, xlf_r7, f77:
Compiles XL FORTRAN source files, and is also used to process source and object files written in assembly language.
xload:
Shows a histogram over the average system load.
xload:
Is used to show a histogram over the average system load.
xload:
Shows a histogram over the average system load.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlock:
Locks the local X screen until the user enters a password.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsatoms:
Shows the specified interned atoms on the server.
xlsclients:
Shows client applications that run on a screen.
xlsclients:
Is used to show client applications that run on a screen.
xlsclients:
Shows client applications that run on a screen.
xlsfonts:
Lists X Window fonts that match a specified pattern.
xlswins:
Shows a window tree for X.
xmag:
Enlarges parts of the screen.
xmag:
Is used to enlarge parts of the screen.
xmag:
Enlarges parts of the screen.
xman:
Shows man pages in a browser when running X.
xman:
Is used to show man pages in a browser when running X.
xman:
Shows man pages in a browser when running X.
xmkmf:
Converts an Imakefile to a Makefile.
xmodem:
Sends or receives a file using the XMODEM protocol.
xmodmap:
Shows and modify the keymaps in X.
xmonisdn:
Shows the status of ISDN network connections and enables the starting or stopping of subsystems.
xmorph:
Morphs images in an X window environment.
Xnest:
Opens a new window X server that will nest inside of the real X server.
XNSquery:
Queries a Xerox Network System host for routing information.
XNSrouted:
Configures network routing tables for Xerox Network Systems.
xntpd:
Is a daemon that controls the time of day for UNIX systems.
xntpd:
Is a daemon that controls the time of day for UNIX systems.
xntpdc:
Queries and control the states on the Network Time Protocol daemon called xntpd.
xntpdc:
Queries and controls the states on the Network Time Protocol daemon called xntpd.
xon:
Executes the specified command on the specified remote host.
xon:
Executes the specified command on the specified remote host.
xpcmcia:
Is a graphical user interface for the pcmcia utility.
xplaycd:
Plays audio CD-ROMs interactively.
xpowerm:
Is a graphical user interface for the power management system
xpr:
Prints out X window dump information.
xpr:
Prints out X window dump information.
Xprt:
Is an X print server for Solaris
xrdb:
Contains resources for the X server. This program normally runs from an X startup file.
xrefresh:
Refreshes all or part of an X screen.
xrefresh:
Is used to refresh all or part of an X screen.
xrefresh:
Refreshes all or part of an X screen.
xsend:
Uses a secure channel to send secret mails to a user in the local system.
xset:
Sets the user options for the X display. Such as mouse, bell, keys and much more.
xsetmode:
Sets the mode for an input device under X window.
xsetmode:
Is used to set the mode for an input device under X-window.
xsetpointer:
Sets the main pointer for X window.
xsetpointer:
Is used to set the main pointer for X-window.
xsetroot:
Modifies how to view the background window on a workstation that runs X.
xsm:
Manages X sessions. Allows applications to run and lets them become part of the session.
xsm:
Manages X sessions. Allows to run applications and lets them become part of the session.
xss:
Is an extended screen saver with screen lock.
xstr:
Keeps a library of strings from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xstr:
Keeps a library of string from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xstr:
Keeps a library of strings from component parts in large programs that can be used as shared constant strings.
xterm:
Is a terminal emulator for X-Window. Provides terminal emulation for programs that can't use X-Window.
Xvfb:
Is a virtual X server that uses virtual memory to emulate a frame buffer for X-window version 11.
xwd:
Saves window images into a dump file.
xwininfo:
Shows information about windows.
xwininfo:
Is used to show information about X-window.
xwininfo:
Shows X window information on the X server.
xwud:
Shows an image dump that is saved in a formatted dump file.
xxd:
Converts binary files or STDIN to a hexadecimal file, or vice versa.
yacc, byacc:
Converts a file containing grammar rules into a C-source file name y.tab.c.
yes:
Outputs an affirmative response repeatedly.
yes:
Shows the command-line arguments, separated by spaces and new lines forever.
yes:
"Outputs a string or ""y"" forever."
ypbind:
Runs at startup and keeps information about the bindings between NIS clients and servers.
ypcat:
Shows the values in the specified NIS map.
ypchfn:
Changes the users GECOS field, where full name and user-related information exist.
ypchsh:
Alters the users default shell in the NIS database.
ypdomainname:
Shows or sets the system's NIS/YP domain name.
ypinit:
Sets up an NIS server or client system.
ypmatch:
Shows the values of keys from a NIS map.
yppasswd:
Alters the password in the NIS database.
yppasswd:
Alters the yellow pages password in the NIS database.
yppasswd:
Alters the password in the NIS database.
yppasswdd:
A script that executes the rpc.yppasswdd that makes it easier to control the daemon.
yppoll:
Uses ypserv to get the version number and master NIS server for the specified map.
yppush:
Copies a new NIS map from the master server to the slave servers.
ypserv:
Is a NIS server daemon that looks up information requested by other yp commands.
ypservers:
Shows NIS servers.
ypset:
Tells ypbind to use the specified server for NIS services.
ypstart:
Starts NIS (Network Information Service). Use ypstop to stop it.
ypstop:
Stops NIS (Network Information Service). Use ypstart to start it.
yptest:
Checks a series of YP functions in order to see if the YP server is working properly.
ypwhich:
Shows the name of the NIS server that provides the name services to a NIS client.
ypxfr:
Manages NIS map transfers between a NIS server and a host.
ypxfrd:
Efficiently transfers entire NIS maps. Should be run from the master server.
yyfix:
This script will extract tables from the yacc generated file y.tab.c.
zcat:
Shows a compressed file on STDOUT without decompressing it.
zcat:
Uncompresses a list of files from the command line or STDIN, then writes to STDOUT.
zcat:
Decompresses and shows the specified files without altering them.
zcmp:
Compares two compressed files. Return status is 0 = identical, 1 = different, 1 < error.
zcmp:
Compares two compressed files. Return status is 0 = identical, 1 = different, 1 < error.
zdiff:
Compares compressed files. It uses the command diff to run the comparison.
zdiff:
Compares compressed files. It uses the command diff to run the comparison..
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zdump:
Shows the current date and time for the time zones that you specify on the command line.
zforce:
Adds a .gz extension to a compressed (gzip) file. Useful for files with names truncated after a file transfer.
zforce:
Adds an .gz extension to a compressed (gzip) file.
zgrep, zfgrep, zegrep:
Searches for text strings inside compressed files.
zgrep, zfgrep, zegrep:
Is used to search for text strings inside compressed files.
zic:
Creates files that can be used for time conversion.
zic:
Is used to set time conversion.
zic:
Creates files that can be used for time conversion.
zip:
Compresses files.
zip:
Compresses files.
zipcloak:
Is used for encryption or decryption of a compressed file.
zipcloak:
Encrypts or decrypts a compressed file.
zipgrep:
Searches for text strings inside zip archive files.
zipinfo:
Shows technical information about a zip archive.
zipinfo:
Shows information about a zip archive, permissions, compression type, encryption, OS, version type, and more.
zipnote:
Inserts notes and comments into zip files.
zipnote:
Inserts notes and comments into zip files.
zipsplit:
Splits one zip file into many zip files.
zipsplit:
Splits one zip file into many zip files.
zless:
Enables compressed text files to be inspected one full screen at a time.
zmore:
Shows compressed text files one screen at a time.
zmore:
Shows compressed text files one screen at a time.
znew:
Recompresses a .Z compressed file to a .gz file.
znew:
Converts a .Z file to a .gz file.
zsh:
Is an interactive login shell and shell script command processor.
zzz:
Places the system into one of two modes of advanced power management (APM) suspension.
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